scholarly journals Seaweeds and Their Natural Products for Preventing Cardiovascular Associated Dysfunction

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Bomi Ryu ◽  
Young-Sang Kim ◽  
You-Jin Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Terrestrial Plants

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. This review summarizes studies that focused on the beneficial effects of seaweeds and their natural products targeting markers involved in a cascade of mechanisms related to CVD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential of seaweeds and their natural products for preventing and treating CVD based on in vivo and in vitro studies. This review provides a basis for future research in the field of marine drugs.

Natural Products as Potential Agents Against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanda Paolla Raimundo e Silva ◽  
Chonny Alexander Herrera Acevedo ◽  
Thalisson Amorim de Souza ◽  
Renata Priscila Barros de Menezes ◽  
Zoe L. Sessions ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Effective Drugs

Background: Natural products are useful agents for the discovery of new lead-compounds and effective drugs to combat coronaviruses (CoV). Objective: The present work provides an overview of natural substances, plant extracts, and essential oils as potential antiSARS-CoV agents. In addition, this work evaluates their drug-like properties which are essential in the selection of compounds in order to accelerate the drug development process. Methods: The search was carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciFinder. Articles addressing plant-based natural products as potential SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 agents within the last seventeen years were analyzed and selected. The descriptors for Chemometrics analyzes were obtained in alvaDesc and the principal component analyzes (PCA) were carried out in SIMCA version 13.0. Results: Based on in vitro assays and computational analyzes, this review covers twenty nine medicinal plant species and more than 300 isolated substances as potential anti-coronavirus agents. Among them, flavonoids and terpenes were the most promising compound classes. In silico analyses of drug-like properties corroborate these findings and indicate promising candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their activity. Conclusion: This paper highlights the role of ethnopharmacology in drug discovery and simulates the use of integrative (in silico/ in vitro) and chemocentric approaches to strengthen current studies and guide future research in the field of antivirals agents.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

Protective effect of triterpenes against diabetes-induced β-cell damage: An overview of in vitro and in vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihle E. Mabhida ◽  
Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla ◽  
Rabia Johnson ◽  
Musawenkosi Ndlovu ◽  
Johan Louw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Β Cell

scholarly journals Contribution to the biological interest of Valeriana officinalis: an update

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e67649
Author(s):  
Marta Sánchez ◽  
Elena González-Burgos ◽  
Irene Iglesias ◽  
M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Valerenic Acid

Valeriana officinalis L. (Caprifoliaceae family) has been traditionally used to treat mild nervous tension and sleep problems. The basis of these activities are mainly attributed to valerenic acid through the modulation of the GABA receptor. Moreover, V. officinalis is claimed to have other biological activities such as cardiovascular benefits, anticancer, antimicrobial and spasmolytic.  The current review aims to update the biological and pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials) of V. officinalis and its major secondary metabolites in order to guide future research. Databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used for literature search including original papers written in English and published between 2014 and 2020. There have been identified 33 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most of these works were performed with V. officinalis extracts and only a few papers (in vitro and in vivo studies) evaluated the activity of isolated compounds (valerenic acid and volvalerenal acid K). In vitro studies focused on studying antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In vivo studies and clinical trials mainly investigated activities on the nervous system (anticonvulsant activity, antidepressant, cognitive problems, anxiety and sleep disorders). Just few studies were focused on other different activities, highlight effects on symptoms of premenstrual and postmenopausal syndromes. Valeriana officinalis continues to be one of the medicinal plants most used by today's society for its therapeutic properties and whose biological and pharmacological activities continue to arouse great scientific interest as evidenced in recent publications. This review shows scientific evidence on traditional uses of V. officinalis on nervous system.

Abstract 186: Hdac7-derived 7aa Peptide May Function as a Phosphorylation Carrier

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyao Yang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Lingfang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Vascular Progenitor Cells ◽  
Upstream Kinase

Background: Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) belongs to class II HDAC family, playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of endothelium integrity. There are 8 splicing variants in mouse HDAC7 mRNAs. Within the 5’ terminal non-coding area of some variants, there exist some short open reading frames (sORFs). Whether these sORFs can be translated and their potential roles in cellular physiology remain unclear. Method and results: Our previous studies suggested that one mouse HDAC7 produced a 7aa peptide from the non-coding area. In this study, we demonstrated that one sORF encoding a 7 amino acids (aa)-peptide could be translated in response to vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in vascular progenitor cells (VPCs). The 7aa-peptide (7A) could be phosphorylated at serine residue via MEKK1. Importantly, the phosphorylated 7aa-peptide (7Ap) could transfer the phosphorylation group to the Thr residue of the 14-3-3γ protein in a cell free in-gel buffer system. The in vitro functional analyses revealed that 7A enhanced VEGF-induced VPC migration and differentiation toward endothelial cell (EC) lineage, in which MEKK1 and 14-3-3γ served as upstream kinase and downstream effector respectively. Knockdown of either MEKK1 or 14-3-3γ attenuated VEGF-induced VPC migration and differentiation. Exogenous 7Ap could rescue VEGF effect in MEKK1 but not in 14-3-3γ knockdown cells. The in vivo studies showed that 7A especially 7Ap induced capillary vessel formation within matrigel plug assays, increased re-endothelialization and suppressed neointima formation in the femoral artery injury model, and promoted the foot blood perfusion recovery in the hindlimb ischemia model. Conclusion: These results indicate that the sORFs within the non-coding area can be translated under some circumstances and that the 7aa-peptide may play an important role in cellular processes like migration and differentiation via acting as a phosphorylation carrier. Significance: As a phosphorylation carrier, 7aa possesses therapeutic potentials in tackling angiogenesis related diseases.

scholarly journals Hyperoxia, reactive oxygen species, and hyperventilation: oxygen sensitivity of brain stem neurons

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay B. Dean ◽  
Daniel K. Mulkey ◽  
Richard A. Henderson ◽  
Stephanie J. Potter ◽  
Robert W. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Underlying Assumption

Hyperoxia is a popular model of oxidative stress. However, hyperoxic gas mixtures are routinely used for chemical denervation of peripheral O2 receptors in in vivo studies of respiratory control. The underlying assumption whenever using hyperoxia is that there are no direct effects of molecular O2 and reactive O2 species (ROS) on brain stem function. In addition, control superfusates used routinely for in vitro studies of neurons in brain slices are, in fact, hyperoxic. Again, the assumption is that there are no direct effects of O2 and ROS on neuronal activity. Research contradicts this assumption by demonstrating that O2 has central effects on the brain stem respiratory centers and several effects on neurons in respiratory control areas; these need to be considered whenever hyperoxia is used. This mini-review summarizes the long-recognized, but seldom acknowledged, paradox of respiratory control known as hyperoxic hyperventilation. Several proposed mechanisms are discussed, including the recent hypothesis that hyperoxic hyperventilation is initiated by increased production of ROS during hyperoxia, which directly stimulates central CO2 chemoreceptors in the solitary complex. Hyperoxic hyperventilation may provide clues into the fundamental role of redox signaling and ROS in central control of breathing; moreover, oxidative stress may play a role in respiratory control dysfunction. The practical implications of brain stem O2 and ROS sensitivity are also considered relative to the present uses of hyperoxia in respiratory control research in humans, animals, and brain stem tissues. Recommendations for future research are also proposed.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role and Promise of Circular RNAs in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zaiou
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Rna Molecules

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are genome transcripts that are produced from back-splicing of specific regions of pre-mRNA. These single-stranded RNA molecules are widely expressed across diverse phyla and many of them are stable and evolutionary conserved between species. Growing evidence suggests that many circRNAs function as master regulators of gene expression by influencing both transcription and translation processes. Mechanistically, circRNAs are predicted to act as endogenous microRNA (miRNA) sponges, interact with functional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and associate with elements of the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus. Evidence is mounting that dysregulation of circRNAs is closely related to the occurrence of a range of diseases including cancer and metabolic diseases. Indeed, there are several reports implicating circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. However, there is very little research addressing the potential role of these RNA transcripts in the occurrence and development of obesity. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that circRNAs are novel players in adipogenesis, white adipose browning, obesity, obesity-induced inflammation, and insulin resistance. This study explores the current state of knowledge on circRNAs regulating molecular processes associated with adipogenesis and obesity, highlights some of the challenges encountered while studying circRNAs and suggests some perspectives for future research directions in this exciting field of study.

scholarly journals Based on Principles and Insights of COVID-19 Epidemiology, Genome Sequencing, and Pathogenesis: Retrospective Analysis of Sinigrin and ProlixinRX (Fluphenazine) Provides Off-Label Drug Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1123-1140
Author(s):  
Jilan Nazeam ◽  
Esraa Z. Mohammed ◽  
Mariam Raafat ◽  
Mariam Houssein ◽  
Asmaa Elkafoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Starting Point

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, no approved therapy has been developed to halt the spread of the pathogen, and unfortunately, the strategies for developing a new therapy will require a long time and very extensive resources. Therefore, drug repurposing has emerged as an ideal strategy toward a smart, versatile, quick way to confine the lethal disease. In this endeavor, natural products have been an untapped source for new drugs. This review represents the confederated experience of multidisciplinary researchers of 99 articles using several databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. To establish the hypothesis, a Bayesian perspective of a systematic review was used to outline evidence synthesis. Our docking documentation of 69 compounds and future research agenda assumptions were directed toward finding an effective and economic anti-COVID-19 treatment from natural products. Glucosinolate, flavones, and sulfated nitrogenous compounds demonstrate direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through inhibition protease enzymes and may be considered potential candidates against coronavirus. These findings could be a starting point to initiate an integrative study that may encompass interested scientists and research institutes to test the hypothesis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinics after satisfying all ethical requirements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document