scholarly journals Enhancement of Xanthophyll Synthesis in Porphyra/Pyropia Species (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) by Controlled Abiotic Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Florentina Piña ◽  
Loretto Contreras-Porcia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
Maximum Content

Red alga species belonging to the Porphyra and Pyropia genera (commonly known as Nori), which are widely consumed and commercialized due to their high nutritional value. These species have a carotenoid profile dominated by xanthophylls, mostly lutein and zeaxanthin, which have relevant benefits for human health. The effects of different abiotic factors on xanthophyll synthesis in these species have been scarcely studied, despite their health benefits. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the abiotic factors that enhance the synthesis of xanthophylls in Porphyra/Pyropia species by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the xanthophyll content found in the literature, and (ii) to recommend a culture method that would allow a significant accumulation of these compounds in the biomass of these species. The results show that salinity significantly affected the content of total carotenoids and led to higher values under hypersaline conditions (70,247.91 µg/g dm at 55 psu). For lutein and zeaxanthin, the wavelength treatment caused significant differences between the basal and maximum content (4.16–23.47 µg/g dm). Additionally, in Pyropia spp., the total carotenoids were considerably higher than in Porphyra spp.; however, the lutein and zeaxanthin contents were lower. We discuss the specific conditions for each treatment and the relation to the ecological distribution of these species.

scholarly journals Value of Xpert MTB/RIF Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chao Liu ◽  
Yu-Lu Gao ◽  
Dan-Feng Li ◽  
Xi-Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuan-Qing Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains unclear. Therefore, a systematic review/meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: Studies published before December 31, 2019, were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using the keywords “pulmonary tuberculosis,” “Xpert MTB/RIF,” and “BAL.” Two independent evaluators extracted the data and assessed the bias risk of the included studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR, respectively), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC), as well as the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Nineteen trials involving 3019 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the culture method, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and the AUC with 95% CIs of Xpert MTB/RIF were 0.87 (0.84–0.90), 0.92 (0.91–0.93), 10.21 (5.78–18.02), 0.16 (0.12–0.22), 78.95 (38.59–161.53), and 0.9467 (0.9462-0.9472), respectively. Relative to the composite reference standard, the observed values were 0.69 (0.65–0.72), 0.98 (0.98–0.99), 37.50 (18.59–75.62), 0.30 (0.21–0.43), 171.98 (80.82–365.96), and 0.9691 (0.9683–0.9699), respectively. All subgroups, except children, showed high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The use of Xpert MTB/RIF in the context of BAL samples has a high diagnostic performance for PTB (except for children) and may serve as an alternative rapid diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Blenderised Enteral Nutrition Formula: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye ◽  
Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo ◽  
Xiaohua Wang ◽  
Joanne Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Values

Background: Although there are merits in using commercial “enteral nutrition formula” (ENF) compared with blended ENF, there is a growing preference for the use of blended ENF in many countries globally. However, the nutritional value and physical properties of blended ENF compared with commercial ENF may be limiting its use. We have not found any evidence of a meta-analysis on the nutritional value of blended diets in the adult population. Aim: The aim of this review was to compare the nutritional value, physical properties, and clinical outcomes of blended ENF with commercial ENF. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used for this review. The search strategy was based on a Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. The following databases; Pubmed, EMBASE, PSYCInfo, and Google scholar were searched for articles of interest using keywords, Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and Boolean operators (AND/OR) from the inception of each database until 23 February 2020. The articles were evaluated for quality. Results: Based on the systematic review and meta-analysis, four distinct themes were identified; Nutritional value, Physical properties, Clinical outcomes; and Adverse events. The findings of this review showed inconsistencies in the macronutrient and micronutrient values of the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the blenderised ENF and the commercial ENF in relation to the fat and protein contents of the diets. However, the blenderised ENF was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the commercial ENF regarding the energy content of the diets, with an overall mean difference of −29.17 Kcal/100 mL (95% CI, −51.12, −7.22) and carbohydrate content with an overall mean difference of -5.32 g/100 mL (95% CI, −7.64, −3.00). In terms of sodium, potassium, and vitamin A, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the blenderised and commercial ENF, although significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the two diets with respect to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, and vitamin C contents. Furthermore, the blenderised ENF showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of viscosity and osmolality than the commercial ENF. The significantly lower levels of some of the macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients in the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF and the difference in the expected nutritional values may be due to the fact blenderised ENF is produced from common foods. Thus, the type of foodstuffs, cooking, and processing methods may lead to loss of nutrients and energy density. The deficits in the energy content and some of the macro- and micro-nutrients in the blenderised ENF compared with commercial ENF may have implications for patients’ health and clinical outcomes. The clinical implications of the underdelivering of nutrients may include increased risk of undernutrition, including energy malnutrition, which could have a negative effect on body composition and anthropometric parameters, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. For outpatient care, this could increase the risk of hospital re-admission and homecare costs. Additionally, the higher viscosity and osmolality of the blenderised ENF compared with the commercial ENF can increase the risk of complications, including tube blockage, and impaired delivery of feed, water, and medications, with significant implications for patients’ nutritional status and health outcomes. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis identified significant variability in the nutritional value of blenderised ENF compared with commercial ENF. Furthermore, the nutritional values of the blenderised ENF do not meet the expected recommended levels compared with commercial ENF and these may have implications for patients’ nutritional status and health outcomes, including the effect on body composition, morbidity, mortality, hospital re-admission, and costs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the nutritional value of blenderised ENF on patients’ clinical outcomes.

The prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in different water systems: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadolah Fakhri ◽  
Mohammad Javad Nasiri ◽  
Anvar Asadi ◽  
Moayed Avazpour ◽  
Abdolazim Alinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The presence of Legionella pneumophila (LP) in aquatic habitat is a global concern. The current study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of LP in water systems with the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The searching was performed among some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase to retrieve the related articles between 1/January/1983 and 25/July/ 2017. Therefore, thirty-six articles (with 43 studies) out of 1,541 articles collected, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of LP in water systems was determined as 20% (95%CI: 15-25). Also, the lowest and highest pooled prevalence of LP was observed in Poland (4% (95%CI: 0-13%)) and Kuwait (98% (95%CI: 90-100%)), respectively. The lowest and highest prevalence of LP-based on water resources subgroups was a water reservoir (15% (95%CI: 2-37%) and well (40% (95%CI: 26-50%), respectively. The number of studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of LP was 16/43 (37.3%) while the culture method was 27/43 (62.7%). Generally speaking, the relatively high prevalence of LP among the investigated water systems was demonstrated, which should be reduced by performing appropriate control actions.

Effect of dietary linseed on the nutritional value and quality of pork and pork products: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Meat Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Corino ◽  
Raffaella Rossi ◽  
Susanna Cannata ◽  
Sabrina Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pork Products

scholarly journals Global Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Cases of Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Riahi ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadi ◽  
Tayebeh Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Different Seasons

The prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in gastroenteritis is often underestimated. It relates considerably to morbidity and medical expenses around the world. Understanding the cause of gastroenteritis leads to making the appropriate treatment decisions. We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus to identify all published studies between Jan. 1, 2000, and Dec. 31, 2019, to assess the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in gastroenteritis patients. A total of 5039 articles were identified that lead to the extraction of data from 47 of them. The pooled prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in cases of gastroenteritis was estimated as 1.97% (1.32–2.74%) in the culture method and 2.41% (1.07–4.22%) in the molecular method. Among the biotypes of Y. enterocolitica, 1A (62.48%) and 1B (2.14%) had the most and least prevalence, respectively. Serotype O3 Y. enterocolitica with 39.46% had the highest and O5,27 with 0.0% had the least prevalence in gastroenteritis cases. In conclusion, the findings of this systematic review show that Y. enterocolitica is prevalent in gastroenteritis in all age groups. Serotypes O3 and O9 of Y. enterocolitica had the highest prevalence and O5,27 had the least prevalence in diarrheal patients. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was similar in both gender and different seasons. It should be noted that to determine the role of the organism, more studies are needed especially in food-borne diseases.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

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