scholarly journals Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry by the Crude Polysaccharides of Seaweeds and Abalone Viscera In Vitro

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Sung-Kun Yim ◽  
Kian Kim ◽  
Inhee Kim ◽  
SangHo Chun ◽  
TaeHwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Porphyra Tenera ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide

Much attention is being devoted to the potential of marine sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents in preventing COVID-19. In this study, sulfated fucoidan and crude polysaccharides, extracted from six seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, Laminaria japonica, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum horneri, Codium fragile, Porphyra tenera) and Haliotis discus hannai (abalone viscera), were screened for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. Most of them showed significant antiviral activities at an IC50 of 12~289 μg/mL against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in HEK293/ACE2, except for P. tenera (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL). The crude polysaccharide of S. horneri showed the strongest antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 12 μg/mL, to prevent COVID-19 entry, and abalone viscera and H. fusiforme could also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC50 of 33 μg/mL and 47 μg/mL, respectively. The common properties of these crude polysaccharides, which have strong antiviral activity, are high molecular weight (>800 kDa), high total carbohydrate (62.7~99.1%), high fucose content (37.3~66.2%), and highly branched polysaccharides. These results indicated that the crude polysaccharides from seaweeds and abalone viscera can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry.

scholarly journals Antiviral activities of aerial subsets of Artemisia species against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrangiz Khajeh Karamoddini ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Emami ◽  
Masoud Sabouri Ghannad ◽  
Esmaeel Alizadeh Sani ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Type I ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Background: Drug resistance to current anti-herpetic drugs has been increasingly reported. Therefore, there is a need for finding new antiviral agents, in particular from natural sources. Objective: In the present study, antiviral activity of subset extracts obtained from aerial parts of Artemisia including A. incana, A. chamaemelifolia, A. campesteris, A. fragrans, A. annua, A. vulgaris, and A. persica were investigated against Herpes Simplex type I (HSV1). Methods: Different concentrations of extracts (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL) were obtained from subset of each plant separately, and used against KOS strain of HSV1 in HeLa cells. After 24 hours incubation, tetrazolium dye (MTT), was added. The dye absorption by viable cells was measured and compared to the positive control (extract-untreated cells) and acyclovir (as anti-viral agent). Results: The extracts obtained from A. annua had the highest antiviral activity while those of A. chamaemelifolia showed the lowest activity. Conclusion: Subset extracts of A. annua may be an appropriate candidate for further development of anti HSV1 infection.

Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of 3-Aralkyl-Thiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazine Derivatives

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Galtier ◽  
Sylvie Mavel ◽  
Robert Snoeck ◽  
Graciela Andreï ◽  
Christophe Pannecouque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Pyridazine Derivatives

The synthesis of novel substituted 3-aralkylth-iomethylimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazines is reported. All of the synthesized compounds are devoid of antiviral activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. However, compounds 6-chloro-8-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethyl-thioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine are potent inhibitors of the replication of human cytomegalovirus in vitro, while compounds 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzylthiomethylimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethyl-thioimidazo[1,2- b]pyridazineare inhibitors of the replication of varicella-zoster virus. The results presented here suggest that compound 10 should be considered as a new lead in the development of antiviral agents.

In silico screening of phytoconstituents with antiviral activities against SARS-COV-2 main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainey James ◽  
Divya Jyothi ◽  
Sneh Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Hypothesis Model ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Pharmacophore Hypothesis

Aims: The present study aim was to analyse the molecular interactions of the phytoconstituents known for their antiviral activity with the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins such as main protease (6LU7), Nsp12 polymerase (6M71), and Nsp13 helicase (6JYT). The applied in silico methodologies was molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling using Schrodinger software. Methods: The phytoconstituents were taken from PubChem, and SARS-CoV-2 proteins were downloaded from the protein data bank. The molecular interactions, binding energy, ADMET properties and pharmacophoric features were analysed by glide XP, prime MM-GBSA, qikprop and phase application of Schrodinger respectively. The antiviral activity of the selected phytoconstituents was carried out by PASS predictor, online tools. Results: The docking score analysis showed that quercetin 3-rhamnoside (-8.77 kcal/mol) and quercetin 3-rhamnoside (-7.89 kcal/mol) as excellent products to bind with their respective targets such as 6LU7, 6M71 and 6JYT. The generated pharmacophore hypothesis model validated the docking results, confirming the hydrogen bonding interactions of the amino acids. The PASS online tool predicted constituent's antiviral potentials. Conclusion: The docked phytoconstituents showed excellent interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, and on the outset, quercetin 3-rhamnoside and quercetin 7-rhamnoside have well-interacted with all the three proteins, and these belong to the plant Houttuynia cordata. The pharmacophore hypothesis has revealed the characteristic features responsible for their interactions, and PASS prediction data has supported their antiviral activities. Thus, these natural compounds could be developed as lead molecules for antiviral treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies could be carried out to provide better drug therapy.

scholarly journals #Nitrosocarbonyls 1: Antiviral Activity ofN-(4-Hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide against the Influenza A Virus H1N1

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalya Al-Saad ◽  
Misal Giuseppe Memeo ◽  
Paolo Quadrelli
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Carbocyclic Nucleoside

Influenza virus flu A H1N1 still remains a target for its inhibition with small molecules. Fleeting nitrosocarbonyl intermediates are at work in a short-cut synthesis of carbocyclic nucleoside analogues. The strategy of the synthetic approaches is presented along with thein vitroantiviral tests. The nucleoside derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity against a variety of viruses. Promising antiviral activities were found for specific compounds in the case of flu A H1N1.

scholarly journals Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Human Cytomegalovirus as a Tool for Screening Antiviral Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1588-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Marschall ◽  
Martina Freitag ◽  
Sigrid Weiler ◽  
Gabriele Sorg ◽  
Thomas Stamminger
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plaque Reduction Assay ◽  
Human Fibroblast Cultures ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT A recombinant human cytomegalovirus (AD169-GFP) expressing green fluorescent protein was generated by homologous recombination. Infection of human fibroblast cultures with AD169-GFP virus produced stable and readily detectable amounts of GFP signals which were quantitated by automated fluorometry. Hereby, high levels of sensitivity and reproducibility could be achieved, compared to those with the conventional plaque reduction assay. Antiviral activities were determined for four reference compounds as well as a set of putative novel cytomegalovirus inhibitors. The results obtained were exactly in line with the known characteristics of reference compounds and furthermore revealed distinct antiviral activities of novel in vitro inhibitors. The fluorometric data could be confirmed by GFP-based flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, laboratory virus variants derived from the recombinant AD169-GFP virus provided further possibilities for study of the characteristics of drug resistance. The GFP-based antiviral assay appeared to be very reliable for measuring virus-inhibitory effects in concentration- and time-dependent fashions and might also be adaptable for high-throughput screenings of cytomegalovirus-specific antiviral agents.

scholarly journals The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Krylova ◽  
Svetlana P. Ermakova ◽  
Vyacheslav F. Lavrov ◽  
Irina A. Leneva ◽  
Galina G. Kompanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI ˃ 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44–56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals.

scholarly journals Studies on antiviral agents. III. Synthesis and in vitro antiviral activity of 1-N-higher-acyl-3"-N-functionalized acylkanamycin A derivatives.

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1719-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEIJI MATSUDA ◽  
NOBUYOSHI YASUDA ◽  
HIDEO TSUTSUMI ◽  
TAKAO TAKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents

Structural features and in vitro antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides from Sphacelaria indica

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Mojdeh Heidary Navid ◽  
Tuhin Ghosh ◽  
Paul Schnitzler ◽  
Bimalendu Ray
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Antiviral Activities

scholarly journals Antiviral Properties of Water Extracts of Mycelium Inonotus rheades (Pers.) P. Karst. (1882) against the Virus of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
M. A. Khasnatinov ◽  
T. G. Gornostai ◽  
I. S. Solovarov ◽  
M. S. Polyakova ◽  
G. A. Danchinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Wood Polysaccharides ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Tick-borne encephalitis virus is dangerous and widespread pathogen that is transmitted to humans through the bites of hard ticks. Wild fungi, such as xylotrophic basidiomycetes, are widely used in traditional medicine to treat the infectious diseases and are promising natural sources of new antiviral agents. It was previously shown that aqueous extracts from the mycelium of the Inonotus rheades (Pers.) P. Karst. (1882) fungus exhibit significant antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus, however, the mechanisms of this activity remain unclear.Aim. To analyze the relationship between the virucidal properties of I. rheades extract and the substrate on which the cultivation was carried out.Materials and methods. The mycelium was grown either in a standard liquid medium with wort or on wooden disks from birch. Extracts of water-soluble polysaccharides were prepared from both mycelium samples. The concentration of infectious tick-borne encephalitis virus was determined using the method of titration of plaque-forming components (PFU). Approximately 30 000 PFU of tick-borne encephalitis virus was mixed with an equal volume of corresponding I. rheades extract at concentration of 8 mg/mL and incubated for 30 min at 37 °C. Afterwards, the residual infectivity of tick-borne encephalitis virus was determined using the identical virus sample incubated with sterile water as a reference.Results. It was found that treatment of tick-borne encephalitis virus with extracts from I. rheades mycelium resulted in inhibition of the infectivity of the virus in the cell culture. However, the same strain of I. rheades, grown on medium with wort, did not exhibit antiviral properties.Conclusions. Virucidal substances are likely to be not the main metabolites of the mycelium of I. rheades, but are rather metabolized wood polysaccharides. Further research is needed to more accurately identify the active ingredients and assess their antiviral activity.

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