scholarly journals Antimicrobials from Seaweeds for Food Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Eduarda M. Cabral ◽  
Márcia Oliveira ◽  
Julie R. M. Mondala ◽  
James Curtin ◽  
Brijesh K. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Food Applications

The exponential growth of emerging multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens affecting the shelf-life and quality of foods, has recently increased the needs of the food industry to search for novel, natural and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents. Macroalgae are a bio-diverse group distributed worldwide, known to produce multiple compounds of diverse chemical nature, different to those produced by terrestrial plants. These novel compounds have shown promising health benefits when incorporated into foods, including antimicrobial properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the general methods and novel compounds with antimicrobial properties recently isolated and characterized from macroalgae, emphasizing the molecular pathways of their antimicrobial mechanisms of action. The current scientific evidence on the use of macroalgae or macroalgal extracts to increase the shelf-life of foods and prevent the development of foodborne pathogens in real food products and their influence on the sensory attributes of multiple foods (i.e., meat, dairy, beverages, fish and bakery products) will also be discussed, together with the main challenges and future trends of the use of marine natural products as antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Fermented Vegetable Byproduct Extracts for Food Applications

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Annalisa Ricci ◽  
Gaia Bertani ◽  
Antonietta Maoloni ◽  
Valentina Bernini ◽  
Alessia Levante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms

To prevent foodborne diseases and extend shelf-life, antimicrobial agents may be used in food to inhibit the growth of undesired microorganisms. In addition to the prevention of foodborne diseases, another huge concern of our time is the recovery of agri-food byproducts. In compliance with these challenges, the aim of this work was to more deeply investigate the antimicrobial activity of extracts derived from fermented tomato, melon, and carrot byproducts, previously studied. All the fermented extracts had antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in foodstuff, showing even higher activity than commercial preservatives, tested for comparison against spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and B. cereus. These promising results highlight an unstudied aspect for the production of innovative natural preservatives, exploitable to improve the safety and shelf-life of various categories of foodstuff.

scholarly journals Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Maria Fraga-Corral ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Lucia Cassani ◽  
Javier Echave ◽  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Food Applications

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers’ demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer’s acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

A Review on Antimicrobial Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3303-3339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saee Gharpure ◽  
Aman Akash ◽  
Balaprasad Ankamwar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Micro Organisms

The field of nanotechnology elaborates the synthesis, characterization as well as application of nanomaterials. Applications of nanoparticles in various fields have interested scientists since decades due to its unique properties. Combination of pharmacology with nanotechnology has helped in development of newer antimicrobial agents in order to control the ever increasing multidrug resistant micro-organisms. Properties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles like silver, gold, titanium dioxide as well as magnesium oxide as antimicrobial agents are very well known. This review elaborates synthesis methods and antimicrobial mechanisms of various metal as well as metal oxide nanoparticles for better understanding in order to utilize their potentials in various biomedical applications.

scholarly journals 628. Integrated Surveillance for Antimicrobial-Resistance in Salmonella From Clinical and Retail Meat Sources—Pennsylvania, 2015–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S291-S292
Author(s):  
Nkuchia M M’ikanatha ◽  
Kelly E Kline ◽  
Sameh W Boktor ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
Lisa Dettinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens of animal origin, including nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), is a public health concern. Pennsylvania conducts integrated surveillance for AMR in NTS from human and animal sources in collaboration with the FDA and CDC National Antimicrobial Resistant Monitoring System (NARMS). Methods We reviewed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial susceptibility (SST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for isolates from animal and food sources, including 96 NTS from 2,520 meat samples (poultry, ground beef and pork chops) purchased during 2015–2017 from randomly selected retail outlets in Pennsylvania. SST to 15 antimicrobial agents was done on 109 NTS clinical isolates that had similar PFGE patterns to meat isolates. SST and WGS were used to characterize all isolates from meat and two clinical isolates from 2017. Results 28 (29.2%) and 17 (17.7%) NTS isolated from meat sources were resistant to ≥3 and ≥5 antibiotics classes, respectively. Resistance to ceftriaxone rose from 12% (3/25) in 2015 to 27% (10/37) in 2016 and resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate also increased. Plasmid-mediated bla CMY-2 β-lactam resistance genes that hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) increased from 12% in 2015 (3/25) to 18.9% (7/37) in 2016. Four blaCTX-M-65 genes that confer resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were identified in 2016 (n = 3) and 2017. Of the 109 clinical isolates, 25.7% demonstrated resistance to ≥3 and 11% to ≥5 antibiotics classes, respectively. No clinical isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone in 2015, 12.5% (6/48) and 24.3% (9/37) were resistant in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate was demonstrated in 8.3% (4/48) of isolates in 2016 (figure). Two clinical isolates carried blaCTX-M-65 ESB Ls genes and were resistant to eight antimicrobial agents (ACSSuTCxNalCot. Phenotype). Conclusion NTS (≥25%) from animal and human sources were multidrug-resistant and harbored CMY-2 and CTX-M-65 genes. Dissemination of genes that confer resistance to ESBLs and ESCs in NTS undermines recommended treatment for severe infections and underscores the need for One-Health surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The versatile effect of L- and D-Cateslytin on bacteria and yeast biofilms according to configuration, medium and dose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Ploux ◽  
Min Jin ◽  
Sophie Hellé ◽  
Cosette Betscha ◽  
Jean-Marc Strub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
P Value ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Response System ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

<p>L- and D-Cateslytin (CTL) are antimicrobial peptides (AMP) derived from chromogranin A, a protein of the stress response system. Their antimicrobial properties have been thoroughly characterized and already exploited in biomaterials. However, effects on biofilms of yeast and bacteria have never been specifically addressed. We have investigated the impact of both L and D configurations of CTL on the growth of biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms.</p> <p>The study was conducted in different media and two strategies of treatment were tested, consisting of administrating the peptide either just at the beginning of biofilm development i.e. on just adhering pioneer microbial cells or on a biofilm already allowed to develop for 24h. We also considered whether the peptide was modified in contact with the medium or/and microbial metabolites. Planktonic and sessile populations of microbial cells were analyzed by spectrophotometry, crystal violet staining, MTT and confocal microscopy with staining by Syto9Ò and propidium iodide. Identification of the peptides and their derived fragments was investigated by HPLC and Mass-Spectroscopy.</p> <p>In general, CTL-D exhibited higher antibiofilm performances than CTL-L. In addition, concentrations necessary to inhibit biofilm formation were found to vary from ten to eighty times the MICs determined in planktonic cultures. Nevertheless, the results also demonstrate that sessile microorganisms and biofilms are sensitive to CTL (L and D conformations) differently that planktonic populations. Significant (p-value < 0.01) effects were observed on both sessile and planktonic populations and with both strategies of treatments, but they highly varied with medium, species and CTL configuration. Typically, better antibiofilm effect than common antibiotics was reached in some specific conditions, while enhancement of aggregation or biofilm formation occurred in another medium and for other doses. Nevertheless,</p> <p>Finally, this confirms the quality of CTL peptides as new antimicrobial agents and reveals their anti-biofilm properties. This also specifies the conditions of use necessary to benefit of the highest performances.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Jacob K. P. Kwaga ◽  
Rene S. Hendriksen ◽  
Emmanuel C. Okolocha ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population does occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates. Results A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) of the isolates were MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes. High frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes—mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. Conclusion MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.

scholarly journals The Use of Nanocellulose in Edible Coatings for the Preservation of Perishable Fruits and Vegetables

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Annachiara Pirozzi ◽  
Giovanna Ferrari ◽  
Francesco Donsì
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
The Impact

The usage of edible coatings (ECs) represents an emerging approach for extending the shelf life of highly perishable foods, such as fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. This review addresses, in particular, the use of reinforcing agents in film-forming solutions to tailor the physicochemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of composite coatings. In this scenario, this review summarizes the available data on the various forms of nanocellulose (NC) typically used in ECs, focusing on the impact of their origin and chemical or physical treatments on their structural properties (morphology and shape, dimension and crystallinity) and their functionality. Moreover, this review also describes the deposition techniques of composite ECs, with details on the food engineering principles in the application methods and formulation optimization. The critical analysis of the recent advances in NC-based ECs contributes to a better understanding of the impact of the incorporation of complex nanoparticles in polymeric matrices on the enhancement of coating properties, as well as on the increase of shelf life and the quality of fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Jacob K. P. Kwaga ◽  
Rene S. Hendriksen ◽  
Emmanuel C. Okolocha ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population does occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDR E. coli isolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates. Results: A total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive for E. coli. Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) of the isolates were MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes. High frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes – mcr-1.1 harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons. Conclusion: MDR E.coli isolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDR E. coli with novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.

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