scholarly journals Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Modified Oxylipins from the Shipworm Symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Noel M. Lacerna ◽  
Cydee Marie V. Ramones ◽  
Jose Miguel D. Robes ◽  
Myra Ruth D. Picart ◽  
Jortan O. Tun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Carbon Fatty Acid ◽  
Related Compounds

The bioactivity-guided purification of the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae strain 991H.S.0a.06 yielded a new fatty acid, turneroic acid (1), and two previously described oxylipins (2–3). Turneroic acid (1) is an 18-carbon fatty acid decorated by a hydroxy group and an epoxide ring. Compounds 1–3 inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis, while only 3 showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. Comparison of the bioactivity of 1–3 with structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Modified Oxylipins from the Shipworm Symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel M. Lacerna ◽  
Cydee Marie V. Ramones ◽  
Jose Miguel D. Robes ◽  
Myra Ruth D. Picart ◽  
Jortan O. Tun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Carbon Fatty Acid ◽  
Related Compounds

AbstractBioactivity-guided purification of the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae 991H.S.0a.06 yielded a new fatty acid, turneroic acid (1), and two previously described oxylipins (2-3). Turneroic acid (1) is an 18-carbon fatty acid decorated by a hydroxy group and an epoxide ring. Compounds 1-3 inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis, while only 3 showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. Comparison of the bioactivity of 1-3 with structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.Abstract Figure

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals A Single B-Repeat of Staphylococcus epidermidis Accumulation-Associated Protein Induces Protective Immune Responses in an Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection Mouse Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Ma ◽  
David Chiu ◽  
James D. Bryers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accumulation Associated Protein

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections are the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in 2 million infections and ∼100,000 deaths each year. More than 60% of these infections are associated with some type of biomedical device.Staphylococcus epidermidisis a commensal bacterium of the human skin and is the most common nosocomial pathogen infecting implanted medical devices, especially those in the cardiovasculature.S. epidermidisantibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap), a cell wall-anchored protein ofS. epidermidis, is considered one of the most important proteins involved in the formation ofS. epidermidisbiofilm. A small recombinant protein vaccine comprising a single B-repeat domain (Brpt1.0) ofS. epidermidisRP62A Aap was developed, and the vaccine's efficacy was evaluatedin vitrowith a biofilm inhibition assay andin vivoin a murine model of biomaterial-associated infection. A high IgG antibody response againstS. epidermidisRP62A was detected in the sera of the mice after two subcutaneous immunizations with Brpt1.0 coadministered with Freund's adjuvant. Sera from Brpt1.0-immunized mice inhibitedin vitroS. epidermidisRP62A biofilm formation in a dose-dependent pattern. After receiving two immunizations, each mouse was surgically implanted with a porous scaffold disk containing 5 × 106CFU ofS. epidermidisRP62A. Weight changes, inflammatory markers, and histological assay results after challenge withS. epidermidisindicated that the mice immunized with Brpt1.0 exhibited significantly higher resistance toS. epidermidisRP62A implant infection than the control mice. Day 8 postchallenge, there was a significantly lower number of bacteria in scaffold sections and surrounding tissues and a lower residual inflammatory response to the infected scaffold disks for the Brpt1.0-immunized mice than for of the ovalbumin (Ova)-immunized mice.

scholarly journals Impact of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Antibiotics

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Schwank ◽  
Zarko Rajacic ◽  
Werner Zimmerli ◽  
Jürg Blaser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Isogenic Strains

ABSTRACT The impact of bacterial adherence on antibiotic activity was analyzed with two isogenic strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis that differ in the features of their in vitro biofilm formation. The eradication of bacteria adhering to glass beads by amikacin, levofloxacin, rifampin, or teicoplanin was studied in an animal model and in a pharmacokinetically matched in vitro model. The features of S. epidermidis RP62A that allowed it to grow on surfaces in multiple layers promoted phenotypic resistance to antibiotic treatment, whereas strain M7 failed to accumulate, despite initial adherence on surfaces and growth in suspension similar to those for RP62A. Biofilms of S. epidermidis M7 were better eradicated than those of strain RP62A in vitro (46 versus 31%;P < 0.05) as well as in the animal model (39 versus 9%; P < 0.01).

Effects of vancomycin, daptomycin, and tigecycline on coagulase-negative staphylococcus biofilm and bacterial viability within biofilm: an in vitro biofilm model

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barcin Ozturk ◽  
Necati Gunay ◽  
Bulent M. Ertugrul ◽  
Serhan Sakarya
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Repeated Doses

Bacteria may hide in a hydrated polysaccharide matrix known as a biofilm. The structure of the bacterial biofilm renders phagocytosis difficult and increases antibiotic resistance. We hypothesized that repeated doses of antibiotics have an effect on bacteria within the biofilm and that it could inhibit or eradicate biofilm formation. Two clinical biofilm-positive coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolates were evaluated. The effects of antibiotics on preformed and nascent biofilm and on bacterial eradication within the biofilm were determined using different doses of vancomycin, daptomycin, and tigecycline for different durations in an in vitro biofilm model. Vancomycin neither penetrated the biofilm nor had any microbicidal effect on bacteria within the biofilm. Daptomycin had a microbicidal effect on bacteria within the biofilm but had no effect on biofilm inhibition and eradication (independent from dose and treatment time). Tigecycline inhibited and eradicated biofilm formation and had a microbicidal effect on bacteria within the biofilm. In conclusion, (i) biofilm formation appeared to be a major barrier to vancomycin activity, (ii) daptomycin had an antimicrobial effect on the bacteria within the biofilm but not on the biofilm burden, and (iii) tigecycline had effects both on bacteria within the biofilm and on biofilm burden. Thus, both tigecycline and daptomycin might be promising candidates for the treatment of biofilm infections.

Clinical Behavior of Implant Infections Due to Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1110-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Presterl ◽  
A. Lassnigg ◽  
B. Parschalk ◽  
F. Yassin ◽  
H. Adametz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Implant Infection ◽  
Skin Flora

Surgical implants and other foreign material are increasingly used in modern medicine to restore or to improve the function of the human body. Infection of an implant is associated with considerable morbidity due to frequent hospitalizations, surgery and antimicrobial treatment. The underlying mechanism is the formation of a bacterial biofilm on the surface of the implanted body. The recognition and diagnosis of implant infections is essential for further therapy and, above all, the decision to remove and exchange the implant. Methods We compared the data of 60 patients with implant infections with those of 60 patients with transient bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. The pathogens isolated from blood were characterized with regard to antimicrobial susceptibility and formation of biofilms using a static microtiter plate model. Wild type skin isolates from non-hospitalized healthy volunteers served as control with regard to antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation. Results Clinical signs and symptoms, underlying diseases and outcome were not different in either group. However, patients with implant infection had fever over a longer time (mean 12 days versus 3 days, respectively, p & 0.05) and more often positive blood cultures than patients with transient bacteremia (3.1 versus 1.2, p & 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed in patients with implant infections but not in patients with transient bacteremia (p & 0.05). Biofilms were formed in 86.4 % of the isolates in implant infection, in 88.8 % in transient bacteremia and in 76.9 % of the isolates from healthy volunteers (not significant). Multi-resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim was more common in the hospital strains than in the wild type strains (75.6 % versus 48.7 %, p & 0.05). Conclusions The clinical features of implant infections are indistinguishable from those of transient bacteremia. Persisting fever and multiple blood culture yielding the growth of skin flora bacteria are strong indicators for infection of implanted material. Biofilm formation and antimicrobial multiresistance, as common in implant infection as in transient bacteremia, seem to be accessory factors in infections due to Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Chitooligosaccharides as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antihemolytic and Anti-Virulence Agent against Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Jang-Won Lee ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Background: Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infections with a high mortality rate in human and animals have been reported to associate with bacterial biofilm formation, along with the secretion of numerous virulence factors. Therefore, the inhibition of biofilm formation and attenuation of virulence determinants are considered as a promising solution to combat the spread of S. aureus infections. Modern trends in antibiofilm therapies have opted for the active agents that are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and cost-effective. Owning the aforementioned properties, chitosan, a natural N-acetylated carbohydrate biopolymer derived from chitin, has been favorably employed. Recently, the chitosan structure has been chemically modified into Chitooligosaccharides (COS) to overcome its limited solubility in water, thus widening chitosan applications in modern antibiofilm research. In the present study, we have investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-virulence activities against S. aureus of COS of different molecular weights dissolved in neutral water. Methods: The study of bactericidal activity was performed using the micro-dilution method while the biofilm inhibition assay was performed using crystal-violet staining method and confirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis. The inhibition of amyloid protein production was confirmed by Congo Red staining. Results: Results showed that low molecular weight COS exhibited bactericidal activity and reduced the bacterial amylogenesis, hemolytic activity as well as H2O2 resistance properties, while slightly inhibiting biofilm formation. The present study provides a new insight for further applications of the water-soluble COS as a safe and cost-effective drug for the treatment of S. aureus biofilm-associated infections. Conclusion: Reducing the molecular weight of chitosan in the form of COS has become an effective strategy to maintain chitosan biological activity while improving its water solubility. The low molecular weight COS investigated in this study have effectively performed antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence properties against S. aureus.

The phycobiota-derived proteins Pµ84 and Pµ19 suppress bacterial biofilm formation in gram-negative pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Han ◽  
Wolfgang R. Streit ◽  
Ines Krohn
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Growth Promoting

&lt;p&gt;Microalgae are typically found in freshwater and marine systems and they harbor a mostly a beneficial growth promoting microbiota. We have recently isolated several small proteins from the microbiomes of microalga (&lt;em&gt;Scenedesmus quadricauda&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Microasterias crux-melintensis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Chlorella saccherophilia&lt;/em&gt;) and have tested them for their role in either inhibition of biofilm formation and/or biofilm degradation. Thereby we have identified two candidate proteins that showed promising activities on biofilm inhibition and degradation. These proteins were designated P&amp;#181;84 and P&amp;#181;19 and strongly affected biofilm formation in several human- and plant-pathogenic bacteria. Recombinant and purified P&amp;#181;84 and P&amp;#181;19 were applied in biofilm assays in microtiter plates and reduced biofilms formed by &lt;em&gt;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Klebsiella pneumonia&lt;/em&gt;. If expressed in the different hosts, biofilms were reduced by a factor of 40% and if applied as exogenous proteins, biofilms were reduced up to 20%. P&amp;#181;84 application also resulted in a delayed biofilm formation and biofilm formation was affected by a factor of 17%. The microprotein P&amp;#181;19 consist of 57 aa and P&amp;#181;84 consists of 49 aa. Ongoing work elucidates the mechanism of P&amp;#181;84 and P&amp;#181;19 on the reduction of biofilm in order to achieve the optimal activity.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Immobilizing hydrolytic active Papain on biodegradable PLLA for biofilm inhibition in cardiovascular applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Michael Teske ◽  
Tina Kießlich ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Julia Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Adhesive Surface

AbstractThe use of biomaterials in medicine is becoming increasingly important. One of the main concerns is the foreign body associated infection caused by direct microbial contamination or clinical infections. The bacterial biofilm formation on biomaterials depends on their surface properties. Therefore, several anti-adhesive surface modifications were developed. Nevertheless, the demand for antimicrobial agents that prevent bacterial colonisation is still largely unmet. The immobilization of active antimicrobial agents, such as antibacterial peptides or enzymes, offers a potential approach to achieve long-lasting effectiveness. In this investigation, the hydrolytic enzyme papain with its published antibacterial activity was covalently immobilized on the well-established biodegradable biomaterial poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). For the characterization of the enzymes on the PLLA surfaces, the protein content and enzyme activity were determined. A biofilm assay was performed to test the effect of the papain-modified PLLA samples on the biofilm-forming bacterial strain Clostridioides difficile, one of the most frequently occurring human nosocomial pathogens. The investigated hydrolytic enzyme papain could be immobilized by coupling via the crosslinker EDC to the PLLA surface. Detection was performed by determination of the amount of protein and the reduced biofilm growth after 24 h and 72 h compared to the reference.

scholarly journals In vitro Inhibition of Biofilm Formation on Silicon Rubber Voice Prosthesis: Α Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Alexios Tsikopoulos ◽  
Efi Petinaki ◽  
Charalampos Festas ◽  
Konstantinos Tsikopoulos ◽  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Voice Prostheses ◽  
Significant Difference

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Biofilm formation on voice prostheses is the primary reason for their premature implant dysfunction. Multiple strategies have been proposed over the last decades to achieve inhibition of biofilm formation on these devices. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of the available in vitro biofilm inhibition modalities on silicone rubber voice prostheses. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to February 29, 2020. A total of 33 in vitro laboratory studies investigating the efficacy of different coating methods against <i>Candida</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Lactobacilli</i>, and <i>Rothia</i> biofilm growth on silicone rubber medical devices were included. Subgroup analysis linked to the type of prevention modality was carried out, and quality assessment was performed with the use of the modified CONSORT tool. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data from 33 studies were included in qualitative analysis, of which 12 qualified for quantitative analysis. For yeast biofilm formation assessment, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the intervention group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.73, −0.66]; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that combined methods (active and passive surface modification) are the most effective for biofilm inhibition in yeast (SMD = −2.53; 95% CI [−4.02, −1.03]; <i>p</i> = 0.00001). No statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups were shown for bacterial biofilm inhibition (SMD = −0.09; 95% CI [−0.68, 0.46]; <i>p</i> = 0.65), and the results from the subgroup analysis found no notable differences between the surface modification methods. After analyzing data on polymicrobial biofilms, a statistically significant difference in favor of prevention methods in comparison with the control group was detected (SMD = −2.59; 95% CI [−7.48, 2.31]; <i>p</i> = 0.30). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The meta-analysis on biofilm inhibition demonstrated significant differences in favor of yeast biofilm inhibition compared to bacteria. A stronger inhibition with the application of passive or combined active and passive surface modification techniques was reported.

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