scholarly journals Dipeptide YA is Responsible for the Positive Effect of Oyster Hydrolysates on Alcohol Metabolism in Single Ethanol Binge Rodent Models

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Siregar ◽  
Marie Merci Nyiramana ◽  
Eun-Jin Kim ◽  
Eui-Jung Shin ◽  
Min Seok Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Accumulative alcohol hangovers cause liver damage through oxidative and inflammatory stress. Numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory reagents have been developed to reduce alcohol hangovers, but these reagents are still insignificant and have limitations in that they can cause liver toxicity. Oyster hydrolysate (OH), another reagent that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, is a product extracted through an enzymatic hydrolysis process from oysters (Crassostrea gigas), which can be easily eaten in meals. This study was aimed at determining the effects of OH on alcohol metabolism, using a single high dose of ethanol (EtOH) administered to rodents, by monitoring alcohol metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress signals, and inflammatory mediators. The effect of tyrosine-alanine (YA) peptide, a main component of OH, on EtOH metabolism was also identified. In vitro experiments showed that OH pretreatment inhibited EtOH-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver cells and macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that OH and YA pre-administration increased alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and catalase activity in EtOH binge treatment. In addition, OH pre-administration alleviated CYP2E1 activity, ROS production, apoptotic signals, and inflammatory mediators in liver tissues. These results showed that OH and YA enhanced EtOH metabolism and had a protective effect against acute alcohol liver damage. Our findings offer new insights into a single high dose of EtOH drinking and suggest that OH and YA could be used as potential marine functional foods to prevent acute alcohol-induced liver damage.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽  
Alina Elena Pârvu ◽  
Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽  
Marcel Pârvu ◽  
Eva Fischer Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Modulatory effect of Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens on oxidative stress and inflammation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Marmouzi ◽  
El Mostafa Karym ◽  
Rachid Alami ◽  
Meryem El Jemli ◽  
Mourad Kharbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractBackgroundTherapy combination is defined as disease treatment with two or more medication to acheive efficacy with lower doses or lower toxicity. Regarding its reported toxicities and efficacy, the Essential Oils (EOs) from Syzygium aromaticum (SA) and Pelargonium graveolens (PG) were combined for in vitro and in vivo assays and toxicities.MethodsThe Essential Oils and mixture were tested for in vivo/in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The assays included the animal model of acute inflammation (carrageenan model), the protective effect on H2O2/Sodium nitroprissude induced stress in Tetrahymena pyriformis, and the in vitro antioxidant assays.ResultsThe chemical analysis of the investigated Oils has lead to the identification of Eugenol (74.06%), Caryophyllene (11.52%) and Carvacrol acetate (7.82%) as the major element in SA; while PG was much higher in Citronellol (30.77%), 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (22.59%), and Geraniol (13.95%). In our pharmacological screening of samples, both Oils demonstrated good antioxidant effects. In vivo investigation of the antioxidant activity in the protozoa model (T. pyriformis) demonstrated a lesser toxic effect of EOs mixture with no significant differences when oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) were evaluated. On the other hand the in vivo model of inflammatory response to carrageenan demonstrated a good inhibitory potential of both EOs. The EOs Mixture demonstrated equivalent bioactivity with lower toxic effect and minimal risk for each compound.ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that EOs mixture from SA and PG demonstrated promising modulatory antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect, which suggest an efficient association for therapy.

scholarly journals Extract from Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) Inhibits Production of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages and Exerts a Protective Effect In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Secretion Of Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, have been described among natural products. We previously described that the Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) ethanolic extract (BxbO) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, this action is not fully understood. In this study, the action of the BxbO extract on the secretion of inflammatory mediators in two experimental models, in vitro and in vivo, after LPS challenge was evaluated. Methods. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from female BALB/c mice and LPS-challenged with or without the BxbO extract. For the evaluation of mediators, the supernatants at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours were collected. For in vivo estimation, groups of female BALB/c mice were first intraperitoneously injected with different amounts of LPS and later administered the oral BxbO extract (v.o.) for 144 hours. To understand the mechanism of action, sera obtained from mice were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after LPS challenge (with or without BxbO) for the detection of mediators. Results. The results showed that, in both peritoneal macrophages and sera of mice treated with the BxbO extract 1 hour before or together with LPS challenge, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release were unquestionably repressed. In contrast, in both systems studied here, the IL-10 levels were elevated to 5 to 9 times. At lethal doses of LPS, the BxbO extract treatment was found to protect animals from death. Conclusions. The results revealed that the inhibitory, protective, and benign effects of the BxbO extract were due to its capacity to balance the secretion of mediators.

scholarly journals Functional cytochrome P450 1A enzymes are induced in mouse and human islets following pollutant exposure

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Ibrahim ◽  
Erin M. MacFarlane ◽  
Geronimo Matteo ◽  
Myriam P. Hoyeck ◽  
Kayleigh R. C. Rick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Mouse Islets

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Exposure to environmental pollution has been consistently linked to diabetes incidence in humans, but the potential causative mechanisms remain unclear. Given the critical role of regulated insulin secretion in maintaining glucose homeostasis, environmental chemicals that reach the endocrine pancreas and cause beta cell injury are of particular concern. We propose that cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are involved in metabolising xenobiotics, could serve as a useful biomarker for direct exposure of islets to pollutants. Moreover, functional CYP enzymes in islets could also impact beta cell physiology. The aim of this study was to determine whether CYP1A enzymes are activated in islets following direct or systemic exposure to environmental pollutants. Methods Immortalised liver (HepG2) and rodent pancreatic endocrine cell lines (MIN6, βTC-6, INS1, α-TC1, α-TC3), as well as human islets, were treated in vitro with known CYP1A inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). In addition, mice were injected with either a single high dose of TCDD or multiple low doses of TCDD in vivo, and islets were isolated 1, 7 or 14 days later. Results CYP1A enzymes were not activated in any of the immortalised beta or alpha cell lines tested. However, both 3-MC and TCDD potently induced CYP1A1 gene expression and modestly increased CYP1A1 enzyme activity in human islets after 48 h. The induction of CYP1A1 in human islets by TCDD was prevented by cotreatment with a cytokine mixture. After a systemic single high-dose TCDD injection, CYP1A1 enzyme activity was induced in mouse islets ~2-fold, ~40-fold and ~80-fold compared with controls after 1, 7 and 14 days, respectively, in vivo. Multiple low-dose TCDD exposure in vivo also caused significant upregulation of Cyp1a1 in mouse islets. Direct TCDD exposure to human and mouse islets in vitro resulted in suppressed glucose-induced insulin secretion. A single high-dose TCDD injection resulted in lower plasma insulin levels, as well as a pronounced increase in beta cell death. Conclusions/interpretation Transient exposure to TCDD results in long-term upregulation of CYP1A1 enzyme activity in islets. This provides evidence for direct exposure of islets to lipophilic pollutants in vivo and may have implications for islet physiology.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Traditional Herbal Formula Pyungwi-San on Inflammatory ResponseIn VitroandIn Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young Cha ◽  
Ji Yun Jung ◽  
Jae Yup Jung ◽  
Jong Rok Lee ◽  
Il Je Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pyungwi-san (PWS) is a traditional basic herbal formula. We investigated the effects of PWS on induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in rats. Treatment with PWS (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) resulted in inhibited levels of expression of LPS-induced COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, and MAPKs as well as production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-αinduced by LPS. Our results demonstrate that PWS possesses anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. More importantly, results of the carrageenan-(CA-) induced paw edema demonstrate an anti-edema effect of PWS. In addition, it is considered that PWS also inhibits the acute edematous inflammations through suppression of mast cell degranulations and inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α. Thus, our findings may provide scientific evidence to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of PWSin vitroandin vivo.

A novel fluorinated stilbene exerts hepatoprotective properties in CCl4-induced acute liver damage

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Rivera ◽  
Martha S. Morales-Ríos ◽  
Wendy Bautista ◽  
Mineko Shibayama ◽  
Víctor Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acute Liver Damage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

There has been a recently increase in the development of novel stilbene-based compounds with in vitro anti-inflamatory properties. For this study, we synthesized and evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of 2 fluorinated stilbenes on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage. To achieve this, CCl4 (4 g·kg–1, per os) was administered to male Wistar rats, followed by either 2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene (FME) or 2,3-difluoro-4′-methoxystilbene (DFME) (10 mg·kg–1, per os). We found that although both of the latter compounds prevented cholestatic damage (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity), only DFME showed partial but consistent results in the prevention of necrosis, as assessed by both alanine aminotransferase activity and histological analysis. Since inflammatory responses are mediated by cytokines, mainly tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), we used the Western blot technique to determine the action of FME and DFME on the expression level of this cytokine. The observed increase in the level of TNF-α caused by CCl4 administration was only prevented by treatment with DFME, in agreement with our biochemical findings. This result was confirmed by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, since the expression of this protein depends on the level of TNF-α. In this case, DFME completely blocked the CCl4-induced increase of IL-6. Our results suggest that DFME possesses greater anti-inflammatory properties in vivo than FME. DFME constitutes a possible therapeutic agent for liver disease and could serve as a template for structure optimization.

Airway smooth muscle tone increases airway responsiveness in healthy young adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (3) ◽  
pp. L348-L357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Gazzola ◽  
Katherine Lortie ◽  
Cyndi Henry ◽  
Samuel Mailhot-Larouche ◽  
David G. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Healthy Humans

Force adaptation, a process whereby sustained spasmogenic activation (viz., tone) of airway smooth muscle (ASM) increases its contractile capacity, has been reported in isolated ASM tissues in vitro, as well as in mice in vivo. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of tone on airway responsiveness in humans. Ten healthy volunteers underwent methacholine challenge on two occasions. One challenge consisted of six serial doses of saline followed by a single high dose of methacholine. The other consisted of six low doses of methacholine 5 min apart followed by a higher dose. The cumulative dose was identical for both challenges. After both methacholine challenges, subjects took a deep inspiration (DI) to total lung capacity as another way to probe ASM mechanics. Responses to methacholine and the DI were measured using a multifrequency forced oscillation technique. Compared with a single high dose, the challenge preceded by tone led to an elevated response measured by respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance at 5 Hz. However, there was no difference in the increase in Rrs at 19 Hz, suggesting a predominant effect on smaller airways. Increased tone also reduced the efficacy of DI, measured by an attenuated maximal dilation during the DI and an increased renarrowing post-DI. We conclude that ASM tone increases small airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and reduces the effectiveness of DI in healthy humans. This suggests that force adaptation may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and the reduced bronchodilatory effect of DI in asthma.

Probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Romanin ◽  
S. Llopis ◽  
S. Genovés ◽  
P. Martorell ◽  
V.D. Ramón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for IBDs are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the yeast reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in a murine model of trinitro benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, yeast-treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The yeast was able to protect the nematodes from oxidative stress by modulating the SKN-1 transcription factor trough the DAF-2 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Ibuprofen Combined with Standard of Care Antimicrobials against Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingquan Chen ◽  
Marleini Ilanga ◽  
Sabona B Simbassa ◽  
Bhagath Chirra ◽  
Kush N Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common fatal genetic disease caused by mutations happened to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lungs of CF patients are often colonized or infected with microorganisms. Drug resistant bacterial infection has been problematic in cystic fibrosis patient. The chronic bacterial infections and concomitant airway inflammation could damage the lung and lead to respiratory failure. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that high-dose ibuprofen reduces the rate of pulmonary function decline in CF patients. This beneficial effect has been attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of ibuprofen. Previously, we have confirmed that high-dose ibuprofen demonstrated antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo. However, no study has examined the antimicrobial effect of combining ibuprofen with standard-of-care (SoC) antimicrobials. Here, we evaluated possible synergistic activity of combinations of common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen, with commonly used antibiotics for CF patients. The drug combinations were screened against different CF clinical isolates. Drugs that demonstrated efficacy in the presence of ibuprofen were further verified synergistic effects between these antimicrobials and NSAIDs. Finally, the survival analysis of an P. aeruginosa murine infection model was used to demonstrate the efficacy of synergistic combination. Our results suggest that combinations of ibuprofen with commonly used antibiotics demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activity against drug resistant, clinical bacterial strains in in vitro. The efficacy of combination ceftazidime and ibuprofen was demonstrated in in vivo.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and qualitative phytochemical evaluation of the Phytexponent preparation of selected plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Elias Nelson ◽  
Epaphrodite Twahirwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum, Triticum repens, Echinacea purpurea, Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla. In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, in the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging- and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced- and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50 % and 100 %, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5 %,25.0 %,50.0 %,100.0 % of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH- (IC50=0.00733%) and the hydroxyl- (IC50 = 0.716 %) radicals in vitro.The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1 % and 0.1 % than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.

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