scholarly journals Characterization of a New Mixture of Mono-Rhamnolipids Produced by Pseudomonas gessardii Isolated from Edmonson Point (Antarctica)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Buonocore ◽  
Pietro Tedesco ◽  
Giovanni Andrea Vitale ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Rosa Giugliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Edmonson Point

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are surface-active molecules mainly produced by Pseudomonas spp. Antarctica is one of the less explored places on Earth and bioprospecting for novel RL producer strains represents a promising strategy for the discovery of novel structures. In the present study, 34 cultivable bacteria isolated from Edmonson Point Lake, Ross Sea, Antarctica were subjected to preliminary screening for the biosurfactant activity. The positive strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the produced RLs were characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), resulting in a new mixture of 17 different RL congeners, with six previously undescribed RLs. We explored the influence of the carbon source on the RL composition using 12 different raw materials, such as monosaccharides, polysaccharides and petroleum industry derivatives, reporting for the first time the production of RLs using, as sole carbon source, anthracene and benzene. Moreover, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of the RL mixture, towards a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, reporting very interesting results towards Listeria monocytogenes with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.13 µg/mL. Finally, we report for the first time the antimicrobial activity of RLs towards three strains of the emerging multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with MIC values of 12.5 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Clostridial Butyrate Biosynthesis Enzymes Are Significantly Depleted in the Gut Microbiota of Nonobese Diabetic Mice

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tanca ◽  
Antonio Palomba ◽  
Cristina Fraumene ◽  
Valeria Manghina ◽  
Michael Silverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Time Window ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic Mice

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here we sought to determine which gut microbial taxa and functions vary between nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and genetically modified NOD mice protected from T1D (Eα16/NOD) at 10 weeks of age in the time window between insulitis development and T1D onset. The gut microbiota of NOD mice were investigated by analyzing stool samples with a metaproteogenomic approach, comprising both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and microbial proteome profiling through high-resolution mass spectrometry. A depletion of Firmicutes (particularly, several members of Lachnospiraceae) in the NOD gut microbiota was observed compared to the level in the Eα16/NOD mice microbiota. Moreover, the analysis of proteins actively produced by the gut microbiota revealed different profiles between NOD and Eα16/NOD mice, with the production of butyrate biosynthesis enzymes being significantly reduced in diabetic mice. Our results support a model for gut microbiota influence on T1D development involving bacterium-produced metabolites as butyrate. IMPORTANCE Alterations of the gut microbiota early in age have been hypothesized to impact T1D autoimmune pathogenesis. In the NOD mouse model, protection from T1D has been found to operate via modulation of the composition of the intestinal microbiota during a critical early window of ontogeny, although little is known about microbiota functions related to T1D development. Here, we show which gut microbial functions are specifically associated with protection from T1D in the time window between insulitis development and T1D onset. In particular, we describe that production of butyrate biosynthesis enzymes is significantly reduced in NOD mice, supporting the hypothesis that modulating the gut microbiota butyrate production may influence T1D development.

scholarly journals Selenium Supplementation Influences Mice Testicular Selenoproteins Driven By Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ramírez-Acosta ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
M Carmen Collado ◽  
Francisco Navarro ◽  
Nieves Abril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
First Time

Abstract Selenium is a well-known essential element with important roles in human reproductive health mainly due to its antioxidant character. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of selenoproteins on the gut microbiota-reproductive health. A new assay for the absolute quantification of selenoproteins in testicular tissue based on two dimensional chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed for the first time. Gut microbiota profile was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Numerous associations were found between testicular selenoproteins and gut microbiota (e.g. Mucispirillum, related with sperm activity and testosterone, was associated to glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and selenoalbumin (SeAlb), while Escherichia/Shigella, related to sex hormones, correlated with GPx, selenoprotein P (SelP) and SeAlb). The effects of Se-supplementation on testicular selenoproteins only occurs in conventional mice, suggesting a potential selenoproteins-microbiota interplay that underlies in testicular function. The selenoproteins GPx and SelP have been quantified for the first time in testicles, including the novel identification of SeAlb, a protein with nonspecifically incorporated Se. These findings demonstrates the significant impact of Se-supplementation on gut microbiota and reproductive health. In addition, the analytical methodology applied for selenoproteins quantification in testicular tissue opens new possibilities to evaluate their role on the gut microbiota-reproductive health axis.

scholarly journals Patterns of Variation and Chemosystematic Significance of Phenolic Compounds in the Genus Cyclopia (Fabaceae, Podalyrieae)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2352
Author(s):  
Maria. A. Stander ◽  
Herman Redelinghuys ◽  
Keabetswe Masike ◽  
Helen Long ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Negative Mode ◽  
First Time ◽  
Resolution Mass

As a contribution towards a better understanding of phenolic variation in the genus Cyclopia (honeybush tea), a collection of 82 samples from 15 of the 23 known species was analysed using liquid-chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) in electrospray ionization (ESI) negative mode. Mangiferin and isomangiferin were found to be the main compounds detected in most samples, with the exception of C. bowiena and C. buxifolia where none of these compounds were detected. These xanthones were found to be absent from the seeds and also illustrated consistent differences between species and provenances. Results for contemporary samples agreed closely with those based on analysis of a collection of ca. 30-year-old samples. The use of multivariate tools allowed for graphical visualizations of the patterns of variation as well as the levels of the main phenolic compounds. Exclusion of mangiferin and citric acid from the data was found to give better visual separation between species. The use of UPLC-HRMS generated a large dataset that allowed for comparisons between species, provenances and plant parts (leaves, pods, flowers and seeds). Phenetic analyses resulted in groupings of samples that were partly congruent with species but not with morphological groupings within the genus. Although different provenances of the same species were sometimes found to be very variable, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that a combination of compounds have some (albeit limited) potential as diagnostic characters at species level. 74 Phenolic compounds are presented, many of which were identified for the first time in Cyclopia species, with nine of these being responsible for the separation between samples in the PCAs.

scholarly journals Biological Removal and Fate Assessment of Diclofenac Using Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus laterosporus Strains and Ecotoxicological Effects of Diclofenac and 4′-Hydroxy-diclofenac

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Grandclément ◽  
Anne Piram ◽  
Marie-Eléonore Petit ◽  
Isabelle Seyssiecq ◽  
Isabelle Laffont-Schwob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Since bacterial consortia involved in conventional wastewater treatment processes are not efficient in removing diclofenac (DCF), an emerging pollutant frequently detected in water bodies, the identification of microorganisms able to metabolise this pharmaceutical compound is relevant. Thus, DCF removal was investigated using bacteria isolated from aqueous stock solutions of this micropollutant and identified as Bacillus and Brevibacillus species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A 100% DCF removal was achieved after 17 hours of experiment at 20°C in a nutrient medium; the biodegradation kinetic followed a pseudo-first order (kbiol = 11 L·gSS−1·d−1). Quantitative assessment of DCF removal showed that its main route was biotic degradation. The main degradation product of DCF, 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac (4′-OH-DCF), was identified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry. Since the ecotoxicological impact of 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac was not reported in the literature, the ecotoxicity of DCF and its metabolite were tentatively evaluated using Vibrio fischeri bioassays. Results from these tests showed that this metabolite is not more toxic than its parent compound and may hopefully be an intermediate product in the DCF transformation. Indeed, no significant difference in ecotoxicity was observed after 30 min between DCF (50 should be writtten in subscript all along the manuscript in EC50 = 23 ± 4 mg·L−1) and 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac (EC50 = 19 ± 2 mg·L−1). Besides, the study highlighted a limit of the Microtox® bioassay, which is largely used to assess ecotoxicity. The bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri was impacted due to the production of microbial activity and the occurrence of some carbon source in the studied medium.

scholarly journals Salix purpurea and Eleocharis obtusa Rhizospheres Harbor a Diverse Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Characterized by Hydrocarbons Degradation Potentials and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Fahad Alotaibi ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud ◽  
Mohamed Hijri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Phytoremediation, a method of phytomanagement using the plant holobiont to clean up polluted soils, is particularly effective for degrading organic pollutants. However, the respective contributions of host plants and their associated microbiota within the holobiont to the efficiency of phytoremediation is poorly understood. The identification of plant-associated bacteria capable of efficiently utilizing these compounds as a carbon source while stimulating plant-growth is a keystone for phytomanagement engineering. In this study, we sampled the rhizosphere and the surrounding bulk soil of Salixpurpurea and Eleocharis obusta from the site of a former petrochemical plant in Varennes, QC, Canada. Our objectives were to: (i) isolate and identify indigenous bacteria inhabiting these biotopes; (ii) assess the ability of isolated bacteria to utilize alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) as the sole carbon source, and (iii) determine the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of the isolates using five key traits. A total of 438 morphologically different bacterial isolates were obtained, purified, preserved and identified through PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Identified isolates represent 62 genera. Approximately, 32% of bacterial isolates were able to utilize all five different hydrocarbons compounds. Additionally, 5% of tested isolates belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Microbacterium, Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas possessed all five of the tested PGP functional traits. This culture collection of diverse, petroleum-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, with multiple PGP traits, represents a valuable resource for future use in environmental bio- and phyto-technology applications.

scholarly journals Chasing the Major Sphingolipids on Earth: Automated Annotation of Plant Glycosyl Inositol Phospho Ceramides by Glycolipidomics

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Panzenboeck ◽  
Nina Troppmair ◽  
Sara Schlachter ◽  
Gunda Koellensperger ◽  
Jürgen Hartler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Automated Annotation ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
First Time

Glycosyl inositol phospho ceramides (GIPCs) are the major sphingolipids on earth, as they account for a considerable fraction of the total lipids in plants and fungi, which in turn represent a large portion of the biomass on earth. Despite their obvious importance, GIPC analysis remains challenging due to the lack of commercial standards and automated annotation software. In this work, we introduce a novel GIPC glycolipidomics workflow based on reversed-phase ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. For the first time, automated GIPC assignment was performed using the open-source software Lipid Data Analyzer (LDA), based on platform-independent decision rules. Four different plant samples (salad, spinach, raspberry, and strawberry) were analyzed and the results revealed 64 GIPCs based on accurate mass, characteristic MS2 fragments and matching retention times. Relative quantification using lactosyl ceramide for internal standardization revealed GIPC t18:1/h24:0 as the most abundant species in all plants. Depending on the plant sample, GIPCs contained mainly amine, N-acetylamine or hydroxyl residues. Most GIPCs revealed a Hex-HexA-IPC core and contained a ceramide part with a trihydroxylated t18:0 or a t18:1 long chain base and hydroxylated fatty acid chains ranging from 16 to 26 carbon atoms in length (h16:0–h26:0). Interestingly, four GIPCs containing t18:2 were observed in the raspberry sample, which was not reported so far. The presented workflow supports the characterization of different plant samples by automatic GIPC assignment, potentially leading to the identification of new GIPCs. For the first time, automated high-throughput profiling of these complex glycolipids is possible by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and subsequent automated glycolipid annotation based on decision rules.

scholarly journals Glacier clear ice bands indicate englacial channel microbial distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gilda Varliero ◽  
Alexandra Holland ◽  
Gary L. A. Barker ◽  
Marian L. Yallop ◽  
Andrew G. Fountain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Distribution ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
First Time

Abstract Distant glacial areas are interconnected by a complex system of fractures and water channels which run in the glacier interior and characterize the englacial realm. Water can slowly freeze in these channels where the slow freezing excludes air bubbles giving the ice a clear aspect. This ice is uplifted to the surface ablation zone by glacial movements and can therefore be observed in the form of clear surface ice bands. We employed an indirect method to sample englacial water by coring these ice bands. We were able, for the first time, to compare microbial communities sampled from clear (i.e. frozen englacial water bands) and cloudy ice (i.e. meteoric ice) through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although microbial communities were primarily shaped and structured by their spatial distribution on the glacier, ice type was a clear secondary factor. One area of the glacier, in particular, presented significant microbial community clear/cloudy ice differences. Although the clear ice and supraglacial communities showed typical cold-adapted glacial communities, the cloudy ice had a less defined glacial community and ubiquitous environmental organisms. These results highlight the role of englacial channels in the microbial dispersion within the glacier and, possibly, in the shaping of glacial microbial communities.

scholarly journals Anaerobic microbiota derived from the upper airways impact Staphylococcus aureus physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Lucas ◽  
Alex R. Villarreal ◽  
Madison Ahmad ◽  
Abayo Itabiyi ◽  
Erin Feddema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Staphylococcus aureus is associated with the development of persistent and severe inflammatory diseases of the upper airways. Yet, S. aureus is also carried asymptomatically in the sinonasal cavity of ∼50% of healthy adults. The cause(s) of this duality and host and microbial factors that tip the balance between S. aureus pathogenesis and commensalism are poorly understood. We have shown that by degrading mucins, anaerobic microbiota support the growth of airway pathogens by liberating metabolites that are otherwise unavailable. Given the widely reported culture-based detection of anaerobes from individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), here we tested our hypothesis that CRS microbiota is characterized by a mucin degrading phenotype that alters S. aureus physiology. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we indeed observed an increased prevalence and abundance of anaerobes in CRS relative to non-CRS controls. PICRUSt2-based functional predictions suggested increased mucin degradation potential among CRS microbiota that was confirmed by direct enrichment culturing. Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Streptococcus comprised a core mucin-degrading community across CRS subjects which generated a nutrient pool that augmented S. aureus growth on mucin as a carbon source. Finally, using RNAseq, we observed that S. aureus transcription is profoundly altered in the presence of mucin-derived metabolites, though expression of several key metabolism- and virulence-associated pathways varied between CRS-derived bacterial communities. Together, these data support a model in which S. aureus metabolism and virulence in the upper airways is dependent upon the composition of co-colonizing microbiota and the metabolites they exchange.

scholarly journals An efficient and metal-free synthesis of 5,7-dimethylcyclopentenon[2,3-c]coumarin

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982110467
Author(s):  
Thirupathi Reddy Yerramreddy ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Imprinting Polymers ◽  
Viable Approach

An improved and alternative method for the metal-free synthesis of 5,7-dimethylcyclopentenon[2,3- c]coumarin as a possible useful aflatoxin template in the production of molecular imprinting polymers with affinity toward natural aflatoxin molecules is reported. A synthesis of 5,7-dimethylcyclopentenon[2,3- c]coumarin from 3,5-dimethoxyphenol via a Pechmann condensation involved five steps and represents an alternative commercially viable approach over existing synthetic protocols in the literature. Operational simplicity, inexpensive key raw materials, short reaction times, and excellent yields are remarkable features of this approach. The aflatoxin template was provided in 55%–67% overall yield from 3,5-dimethoxyphenol with >99% purity, evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua ◽  
Heqin cao ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Fengping He ◽  
Guangshun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
North China ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Results: A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.003), Peptoclostridium (p = 0.005), Bacteroides (p =0.008), Fusobacterium (p = 0.017) and Collinsella (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of wild North China leopard. Distinct differences in the fecal metabolic phenotypes of captive and wild North China leopard were found, such as content of l-methionine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, pentadecanoic acid and oleic acid. Differentially abundant gut microbes were associated with fecal metabolites, especially the bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, involved in the metabolism of N-acetyl-L-alanine and D-quinovose.Conclusion: This study reports for the first time the differences in gut microbiota abundance between captive and wild North China leopard, as well as significant differences in fecal metabolic phenotypes between two groups.

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