scholarly journals Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maochen Xing ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Jiarui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharides ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharide ◽  
Alginate Degradation

Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.

scholarly journals Thiol-Modification as Important Mode of Action for Allicin from Garlic (Allium sativum)

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. H. Gruhlke
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
In Cells

Garlic is a common ingredient in food, normally used as spice but is also used since ancient times for its health beneficial activity. The thiosulfinate allicin is the first active compound in freshly damaged garlic tissue and reacts with thiol-groups. Hence, allicin is able to modify thiol groups, both of protein cysteine-residues and low-molecular weight thiols like glutathione. This thiol-modification is supposed to be an important mechanism for allicin’s biological activity. Here, the mechanisms and possible targets for allicin in cells are discussed.

Genotoxicity testing of low molecular weight fucoidan from brown seaweeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 790-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Yong Song ◽  
Sae Kwang Ku ◽  
Jin Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Genotoxicity Testing

scholarly journals Biologically active ion exchange (BIEX) for NOM removal and membrane fouling prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schulz ◽  
J. Winter ◽  
H. Wray ◽  
B. Barbeau ◽  
P. Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The natural organic matter (NOM) removal efficiency and regeneration behavior of ion-exchange filters with promoted biological activity (BIEX) was compared to operation where biological activity was suppressed (i.e. abiotic conditions). The impact of BIEX pre-treatment on fouling in subsequent ultrafiltration was also investigated. Biological operation enhanced NOM removal by approximately 50% due to an additional degradation of smaller humic substances, building blocks and low molecular weight acids. Promotion of biological activity significantly increased the time to breakthrough of the filters and, therefore, is expected to lower the regeneration frequency as well as the amount of regenerate of which to dispose. Pre-treatment using BIEX filters resulted in a significant decrease in total and irreversible fouling during subsequent ultrafiltration. The decrease was attributed to the effective removal of medium and low molecular weight NOM fractions. The results indicate that BIEX filtration is a robust, affordable and easy-to-operate pre-treatment approach to minimize fouling in ultrafiltration systems and enhance the quality of the produced permeate.

Functional Group Transformation in Naphthoquinones: Strategies for the Synthesis of Mono- and Bis(Amino-1,4-naphthoquinones)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina G. S. Lima ◽  
Acácio S. de Souza ◽  
Fernanda P. Pauli ◽  
Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro ◽  
Amanda de A. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Functional Group Transformation

: 1,4-Naphthoquinones are a group of natural and synthetic substances that participate in various biochemical functions in most plants and animals, being involved in energy production, electron transport, blood coagulation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. The performance of such biochemical functions is directly related to the functional groups linked to the 1,4-naphthoquinone scaffold, and the introduction of nitrogen-containing groups into this nucleus may amplify its biological activity against numerous targets. Therefore, several methods have been developed in the last decades for preparing these compounds, especially from 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Considering these concepts, in this review we aim to provide insights into the chemistry, chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, pharmacological effects, and reactivity of low molecular weight mono- and bis(aminonaphthoquinones); we start by discussing the use of some of the most important 1,4-naphthoquinones as starting materials for the synthesis of amino-1,4-naphthoquinones (ANQs), go thought the modification of ANQ derivatives, and conclude by providing an outlook on this field.

scholarly journals Using the Eurotium cristatum Fungus for Preparing Fermented Herbal Teas -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Elena F. Shanenko ◽  
Olga V. Efremenkova ◽  
Tatiana G. Mukhamedzanova ◽  
Yu. A. Nikolaev ◽  
Tatiana A. Efimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Apple Leaves

Background: The biological activities of dark Chinese teas are largely due to their microbial post-fermentation. Herbal teas are traditional Russian beverages that hold special value, owing to their taste and useful medicinal properties. However, no data are available in the literature on using microbial post-fermentation for enhancing their biological activity. The goal of this work was to demonstrate that the fungus Eurotium isolated from Chinese black teas can be used for the post-fermentation of herbal teas produced from bay willow and apple leaves.Methods: Eurotium cristatum was isolated from brick Chinese tea Fujan and identified using conventional methods of microbiology and molecular biology. Low molecular weight metabolites (phenols, amines, sugars, and amino acids) were determined by HPLC. E. cristatum was grown in association with the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.Results: It was revealed to exhibit valuable biosynthetic features, such as a lack of mycotoxins, zero antimicrobial activity, and the capacity to synthesize neuroactive amines. B. amyloliquefaciens displayed a wide spectrum of antibiotic (antimicrobial and antifungal) activities that anifested themselves even with antibiotic-resistant bacteria). While growing on green unfermented tea (Camellia sp.) E. cristatum produced and modified neuroactive amines, such as dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine. The fungus efficiently grew during the post-fermentation of herbal teas from both bay willow and apple leaves. Even though Camellia leaves substantially differed from bay willow and apple leaves in terms of phenol content, the growth of E. cristatum on Camellia was also sufficiently good. This suggests that the growth of Eurotium fungi is not influenced by the phenolic compounds. The data obtained on the composition of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and amino acids in the fermented plants and raw material provide evidence that the growth of the fungus proceeds depends on the hydrolysis of high molecular weight phenols and cell biopolymers in the fermented material.Conclusion: Thus, the ability of E. cristatum to grow on plant leaves of significantly different biochemical composition provides foundations for new technologies aiming to obtain post-fermented herbal teas with high biological activity that are enriched in low molecular weight compounds including biogenic amines.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTION OBTAINED FROM CORD AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN COWS OF DIFFERENT AGES

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Gulevsky ◽  
◽  
E.S. Abakumowa ◽  
I.I. Shenyavsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Different Ages

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Native and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan obtained by Steam Explosion Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Sugiyanti ◽  
Purnama Darmadji ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Yudi Pranoto ◽  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Explosion Process ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan

Terpenes, Phenylpropanoids, Sulfur and Other Essential Oil Constituents as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (26) ◽  
pp. 4297-4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franko Burčul ◽  
Ivica Blažević ◽  
Mila Radan ◽  
Olivera Politeo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

: Essential oils constituents are a diverse family of low molecular weight organic compounds with comprehensive biological activity. According to their chemical structure, these active compounds can be divided into four major groups: terpenes, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and "others". In addition, they may contain diverse functional groups according to which they can be classified as hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aliphatic hydrocarbons); oxygenated compounds (monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other oxygenated compounds); and sulfur and/or nitrogen containing compounds (thioesters, sulfides, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and others). : Compounds that act as cholinesterase inhibitors still represent the only pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. Numerous in vitro studies showed that some compounds, found in essential oils, have a promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity, such as α-pinene, δ-3-carene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, thymohydroquinone, α- and β-asarone, anethole, etc. : Essential oils constituents are a diverse family of low molecular weight organic compounds with comprehensive biological activity. According to their chemical structure, these active compounds can be divided into four major groups: terpenes, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and "others". In addition, they may contain diverse functional groups according to which they can be classified as hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aliphatic hydrocarbons); oxygenated compounds (monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other oxygenated compounds); and sulfur and/or nitrogen containing compounds (thioesters, sulfides, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and others).

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