scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan Can Be Tailored by Formulation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Wenche Jøraholmen ◽  
Abhilasha Bhargava ◽  
Kjersti Julin ◽  
Mona Johannessen ◽  
Nataša Škalko-Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Topical administration of drugs into the vagina can provide local therapy of vaginal infections, preventing the possible systemic side effects of the drugs. The natural polysaccharide chitosan is known for its excellent mucoadhesive properties, safety profile, and antibacterial effects, and thus it can be utilized in improving localized vaginal therapy by prolonging the residence time of a drug at the vaginal site while acting as an antimicrobial in synergy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential of chitosan, namely chitosan-coated liposomes and chitosan hydrogel, as an excipient with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method followed by vesicle size reduction by sonication to the desired size, approximately 200 nm, and coated with chitosan (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3%, w/v, respectively). The mucoadhesive properties of chitosan-coated liposomes were determined through their binding efficiency to mucin compared to non-coated liposomes. Non-coated liposomal suspensions were incorporated in chitosan hydrogels forming the liposomes-in-hydrogel formulations, which were further assessed for their texture properties in the presence of biological fluid simulants. The antibacterial effect of chitosan-coated liposomes (0.03%, 0.1% and 0.3%, w/v) and chitosan hydrogels (0.1% and 0.3%, w/w) on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus was successfully confirmed.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Fosfomycin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Luke J. Tucker ◽  
Christine S. Grant ◽  
Malley A. Gautreaux ◽  
Dhanush L. Amarasekara ◽  
Nicholas C. Fitzkee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
Localized Drug Delivery ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Selection Of

Thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels—renewable, biocompatible materials—have many applications as injectable biomaterials for localized drug delivery in the treatment of a variety of diseases. To combat infections such as Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, localized antibiotic delivery would allow for higher doses at the site of infection without the risks associated with traditional antibiotic regimens. Fosfomycin, a small antibiotic in its own class, was loaded into a chitosan hydrogel system with varied beta-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) and fosfomycin (FOS) concentrations. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions between FOS and chitosan hydrogel. The Kirby Bauer assay revealed an unexpected concentration-dependent inhibition of S. aureus, with reduced efficacy at the high FOS concentration but only at the low β-GP concentration. No effect of FOS concentration was observed for the planktonic assay. Rheological testing revealed that increasing β-GP concentration increased the storage modulus while decreasing gelation temperature. NMR showed that FOS was removed from the liquid portion of the hydrogel by reaction over 12 h. SEM and FTIR confirmed gels degraded and released organophosphates over 5 days. This work provides insight into the physicochemical interactions between fosfomycin and chitosan hydrogel systems and informs selection of biomaterial components for improving infection treatment.

New Technological Approach for Glycyrrethic Acid Oral and Topical Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Pagano ◽  
Luana Perioli ◽  
Paola Calarco ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele ◽  
Maria C. Tiralti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Anionic Clays ◽  
Dissolution Rate Enhancement ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Bioactive Component

Background: 18β- glycyrrhetinic acid (Gly) is the major bioactive component of licorice roots and rhizomes of the Glycyrrhiza glabra species. It shows many activities such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal, however, its use in the health field is very limited due to the low water solubility. Methods: This paper deals with the development of a new technological approach for Gly dissolution rate enhancement. It consists of Gly intercalation (guest) in the interlamellar spaces between the inorganic spaces (host) of the anionic clays “hydrotalcites” (HTlc) to obtain hybrids MgAl-HTlc-Gly and ZnAl-HTlc-Gly. Gly can find applications in both systemic and local therapies, thus advantages of the use of the hybrids in these two fields were investigated. Results: Gly dissolution rate from hybrids in the intestinal environment, site in which it is preferentially absorbed, resulted enhanced (ZnAl-HTlc-Gly > MgAl-HTlc-Gly) compared to the crystalline form, thereby, making them suitable for oral administration as dry powder in hard capsules. : For a local therapy, bioadhesive, vaginal emulgels loaded with the hybrids were developed. These showed suitable mucoadhesive property to the vaginal mucosa, necessary to prolong the residence time in the application site. The emulgel containing ZnAl-HTlc-Gly showed a faster and higher release profile than that containing MgAl- HTlc-Gly. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that Gly intercalation into HTlc, especially in ZnAl-HTlc, allows to enhance Gly dissolution when the hybrids are formulated both as oral or topical products.

Terephthalaldehyde as better crosslinking agent in crosslinked chitosan hydrogel for selective removal of anionic dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhvi Garg ◽  
Navneet Bhullar ◽  
Bharat Bajaj ◽  
Dhiraj Sud
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Ultrasound Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Crosslinked Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

The present manuscript reports the ultrasound radiation induced synthesis of grafted chitosan hydrogels (CAAT and CAAG) using terephthalaldehyde/glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agents and its application for removal of synthetic dyes from...

scholarly journals Yb3+-containing chitosan hydrogels induce B-16 melanoma cell anoikis via a Fak-dependent pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 645-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Jiawei Lu ◽  
Junhui Yin ◽  
Changchun Zhou ◽  
Yaping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
Dermal Cells

AbstractMelanoma is the most lethal dermal tumor, and a high recurrence rate and skin defects are two main serious problems. An antimelanoma material,which effectively inhibits tumor recurrence and possesses excellent biocompatibility, is urgently needed to treat melanoma. In this study, we developed a novel antitumor Yb3+ [Yb(NO3)3]containing chitosan hydrogel (Yb-CS hydrogel) by dissolving Yb(NO3)3 and chitosan in acetic acid solution and forming composite hydrogels by a freeze-drying process after adding NaOH to the mixed solution. In vitro studies demonstrated that the Yb3+ produces effect of inducing cell death in Yb-CS hydrogel. Moreover, we found that the Yb-CS hydrogel inhibited a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent signaling pathway and induced B-16 cell anoikis. However, the Yb-CS hydrogel was less effective on L929 normal mouse dermal cells. In vivo studies showed that the Yb-CS hydrogel inhibited the recurrence of melanoma in a mouse bare xenograft tumor model. We concluded that the Yb-CS hydrogel could potentially be used in the antimelanoma field, especially in the inhibition of melanoma recurrence.

Topical anesthetics and analgesics

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
William T. Zempsky
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Topical Anesthetics ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Topical administration of anesthetics and analgesics can allow for the efficient, painless delivery of medications that may reduce systemic side effects associated with the medication, whilst providing clinical advantages over injected or oral administration for the same clinical situation. Topical anesthetics have become widely used prior to a variety of painful procedures in children, including venous access, laceration repair, and injections. Topical administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lidocaine, capsaicin, and other agents also are useful for a range of conditions, including acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Polyamide fabric coated with a dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogel for a cosmeto-textile application

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-542
Author(s):  
Isabel Solé ◽  
Susana Vílchez ◽  
Núria Montanyà ◽  
Maria José García-Celma ◽  
Marcela Ferrándiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Component ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Evaluation Panel ◽  
Polyamide Fabric ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
Cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cosmeto-textiles, which allow the administration of molecules when in contact with the skin, are increasingly being developed by cosmetic industries. We have designed an innovative approach for cosmeto-textile products, based on the impregnation of textile fibers with chitosan hydrogels, which have been cross-linked with genipin and loaded with dihydroxyacetone, which is an active component that induces sunless tanning. Dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels have been prepared and characterized by means of cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The images showed that genipin cross-linking decreases the mesh distance of hydrogels. The release of dihydroxyacetone from these cross-linked genipin chitosan hydrogels has been studied by a dialysis membrane method. These dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels have been incorporated to polyamide textiles by a simple padding technique. The presence of dihydroxyacetone on these textiles has been detected by hyperspectral imaging on a dark field high resolution optical microscope. Finally, the performance of fabrics as cosmeto-textiles, with a tanning effect, has been evaluated by skin-colorimetry measured with an evaluation panel of 10 people. The results have demonstrated that dihydroxyacetone-loaded textiles produce a tanning effect on skin, and incorporation of dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels into polyamide fabrics represents a friendly and appropriate strategy to obtain a cosmeto-textile with tanning effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Crosslinking Methods on Network Structure and Enzymatic Degradation of Methacrylate-Functionalized Chitosan Hydrogel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhong Ahn ◽  
Jungju Ryu ◽  
Kwangho Song ◽  
Jungwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Network Heterogeneity ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels

Polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, alginate, or chitosan, can be modified by addition of reactive functional groups to enable chemical crosslinking. Here, we studied how different methods of crosslinking methacrylate-functionalized chitosan affected the network structures of the resulting hydrogels. We then investigated how the porous network structures in turn influenced stiffness, macromolecular diffusion through the pores, and enzymatic degradation. All these properties are relevant for utilization of the chemically crosslinked hydrogels in biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and delivery of therapeutic agents. We made chitosan hydrogels using four crosslinking methods, which differ by type and by reaction kinetics. We found that four chitosan hydrogels having identical polymer fractions at an equilibrium swelling exhibited marked differences in their shear moduli, rate of dextran diffusion, and especially their enzymatic degradation behaviors. We inferred that these differences originated in variations among network structures, which were characterized by the formation of chain bundles and associated network heterogeneity as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering analysis.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THYMOQUINONE ON WOUND HEALING IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Yusmin ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Antiangiogenic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
And Function

  Objective: Nigella sativa and its active constituent thymoquinone (TQ) have been extensively documented for its pharmacological values, but its application in wound healing in particular in a diabetic wound healing model is less documented.Methods: In our study, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were used as a chronic delayed wound model and topical administration of TQ 10% w/v were used to assess the role and function of TQ in wound healing through wound contraction and histological analysis.Results: Although statistically insignificant, we found out that TQ accelerated wound healing in post-wounding day 3 (inflammatory phase), whereas aggressively decelerating wound healing in post-wounding day 7 (proliferation phase). In addition, our histological analyses of wound granulation tissues at post-wounding day 14 substantiate our claim by showing that TQ treatment had delayed wound healing progression of the diabetic rats.Conclusions: Our study shows that TQ accelerates wound healing during the inflammatory phase; however, decelerate rapidly during the proliferation phase. We speculate the acceleration of wound healing during the inflammatory phase was due to its well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties while its deceleration of wound healing during the proliferation phase was due to its well-documented antiangiogenic effect.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Microparticles Based on Carmellose Cross-Linked by Cu2+Ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kejdušová ◽  
Jakub Vysloužil ◽  
Kateřina Kubová ◽  
Vladimír Celer ◽  
Magdaléna Krásna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Crucial Parameter

Carmellose (CMC) is frequently used due to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity for development of site-specific or controlled release drug delivery systems. In this experimental work, CMC dispersions in two different concentrations (1% and 2%) cross-linked by copper (II) ions (0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2.0 M CuCl2) were used to prepare microspheres with antimicrobial activity againstEscherichia coliandCandida albicans, both frequently occurring pathogens which cause vaginal infections. The microparticles were prepared by an ionotropic gelation technique which offers the unique possibility to entrap divalent copper ions in a CMC structure and thus ensure their antibacterial activity. Prepared CMC microspheres exhibited sufficient sphericity. Both equivalent diameter and copper content were influenced by CMC concentration, and the molarity of copper (II) solution affected only the copper content results. Selected samples exhibited stable but pH-responsive behaviour in environments which corresponded with natural (pH 4.5) and inflamed (pH 6.0) vaginal conditions. All the tested samples exhibited proven substantial antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative bacteriaEscherichia coliand yeastCandida albicans. Unexpectedly, a crucial parameter for microsphere antimicrobial activity was not found in the copper content but in the swelling capacity of the microparticles and in the degree of CMC surface shrinking.

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