scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids-Enriched Fish Oil Activates AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling and Prevents Obesity-Related Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Lou-Pin Wang ◽  
Meng-Tsan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Obesity is known to cause skeletal muscle wasting. This study investigated the effect and the possible mechanism of fish oil on skeletal muscle wasting in an obese rat model. High-fat (HF) diets were applied to induce the defects of lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats with or without substitution of omega-3 fatty acids-enriched fish oil (FO, 5%) for eight weeks. Diets supplemented with 5% FO showed a significant decrease in the final body weight compared to HF diet-fed rats. The decreased soleus muscle weights in HF diet-fed rats could be improved by FO substitution. The decreased myosin heavy chain (a muscle thick filament protein) and increased FOXO3A and Atrogin-1 (muscle atrophy-related proteins) protein expressions in soleus muscles of HF diet-fed rats could also be reversed by FO substitution. FO substitution could also significantly activate adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and PPARγ protein expression and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression in soleus muscles of HF diet-fed rats. These results suggest that substitution of FO exerts a beneficial improvement in the imbalance of lipid and muscle metabolisms in obesity. AMPK/PGC-1α signaling may play an important role in FO-prevented obesity-induced muscle wasting.

PSII-18 The effects of fish oil supplementation on markers of inflammation and skeletal muscle and adipose growth in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Lillian L Okamoto ◽  
Caleb C Reichhardt ◽  
Sierra Lopez ◽  
Anthony F Alberto ◽  
Reganne K Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of fish oil, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, on genes involved in inflammation and growth of skeletal muscle tissue after an LPS challenge. Male Landrace-New Hampshire weaned piglets (BW 8.21±0.83 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to two treatments: 1) basal diet (n=7) and 2) basal diet plus 3% fish oil added (n = 7). Treatments were fed for 35 d. On d 34, an LPS challenge was performed and 24 h later, piglets were euthanized and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris. Total mRNA was isolated and markers of inflammation [cyclophilin (Cyclo), nuclear factor kappa beta subunit-1 (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], skeletal muscle growth [paired box transcription factor-7 (Pax7), myogenic factor-5 (Myf5), myoblast determination factor-1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG)] and adipose growth (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARy), leptin, and adiponectin) were analyzed. Cyclophilin abundance was increased (P = 0.03) in fish-oil piglets compared to control piglets. Other markers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB) were not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Abundance of Myf5 was lower (P = 0.03) in fish oil piglets than control piglets. Other myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, MyoG) were not (P > 0.05) altered by treatment. Abundance of PPARy, leptin or adiponectin was not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Muscle location influenced (P < 0.01) abundance of leptin and adiponectin, with abundance being higher in the biceps femoris than in the longissimus lumborum. No other genes analyzed were impacted by muscle location (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids via fish-oil may affect the inflammatory response and skeletal muscle growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these results on animal production.

Cardioprotective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (14) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Varga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Cardioprotective action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in fish and α-linolenic acid in plants was demonstrated in primary and secondary clinical trials. Fish oil therapy causes a marked decrease in serum triacylglycerol and very low density lipoprotein levels and increases moderately high density lipoprotein levels without any adverse effects. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease slightly, but significantly blood pressure, enhance endothelial function, they have anti-aggregator, anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects as well. These beneficial effects are in connection with modification of gene transcription levels of some key molecules such as nuclear factor-κB and sterol element binding receptor protein-1c, which regulate for example expression of adhesion molecules or several receptors involved in triglyceride synthesis (hepatocyte X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, farnesol X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). On the basis of these observations, the supplementation of the diet with omega-3 fatty acids (fish, fish oil, linseed, and linseed oil or canola oil) is advisable in primary and secondary prevention.

Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions through activation of PPARα

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1340-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sethi ◽  
Ouliana Ziouzenkova ◽  
Heyu Ni ◽  
Denisa D. Wagner ◽  
Jorge Plutzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Omega-3 fatty acids, which are abundant in fish oil, improve the prognosis of several chronic inflammatory diseases although the mechanism for such effects remains unclear. These fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are highly polyunsaturated and readily undergo oxidation. We show that oxidized, but not native unoxidized, EPA significantly inhibited human neutrophil and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro by inhibiting endothelial adhesion receptor expression. In transcriptional coactivation assays, oxidized EPA potently activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of the nuclear receptor family. In vivo, oxidized, but not native, EPA markedly reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion to venular endothelium of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–treated mice. This occurred via a PPARα-dependent mechanism because oxidized EPA had no such effect in LPS-treated PPARα-deficient mice. Therefore, the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids may be explained by a PPARα-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of oxidized EPA.

scholarly journals Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids partially prevent lipid-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle without limiting acylcarnitine accumulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis B. Stephens ◽  
Buddhike Mendis ◽  
Chris E. Shannon ◽  
Scott Cooper ◽  
Catharine A. Ortori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Males

Intravenous infusion of lipid into healthy males caused insulin resistance. Addition of fish oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the lipid infusion partially prevented the insulin resistance. This effect was not due to differences in muscle acylcarnitine content.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Into Human Skeletal Muscle Sarcolemmal and Mitochondrial Membranes Following 12 Weeks of Fish Oil Supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gerling ◽  
Kazutaka Mukai ◽  
Adrian Chabowski ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Graham P. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hadeer Zakaria ◽  
Tarek M. Mostafa ◽  
Gamal A. El-Azab ◽  
Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
Ella Aitta ◽  
Alexis Marsol-Vall ◽  
Annelie Damerau ◽  
Baoru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Baltic Herring ◽  
By Products

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.

Cardioprotective effects of omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil and it enhances autoimmunity in porcine cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis in the rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yan Li ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Ting-Chuan Zhang ◽  
Zong-Jun Liu ◽  
Jun-Qing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Myosin ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Autoimmune Myocarditis ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract This experiment proposed to investigate the efficiency of omega 3 fatty acids from fish that improves autoimmune against myocarditis in the rat. Fish oil was extracted from fresh Tuna fish and performed FAME analysis and mice bioassay. The autoimmune myocarditis was induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine cardiac myosin (PCM) into the footpads of rats on the first and seventh day. Rats were dissected on the 21st day to analyze the histopathological, hemodynamic, echocardiographic factors, and immunohistochemistry expressions. In the study, 73.90% of total fatty acids were recorded. Histological analysis revealed that omega 3 fatty acids administrated groups showed tremendous development in the multifocal myocardia hyaline degeneration and necrosis with inflammatory changes. Moreover, omega 3 fatty acids inhabited the expressions of inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8 and CD11b) and suppressed the level of NF-κB. The echocardiographic factors such as heartbeat, SBP, DBP, levels of LVDs, LVDd, LVPW percentage of LVFS, EF, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, IL-2, and IL-6) also significantly suppressed by omega 3 fatty acids. Hence, the present study proved that consuming fatty acid-enriched fish might be a successful therapy for improving the inflammatory profile, regenerates the heart tissues, and controlled the production of inflammatory cells.

scholarly journals Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease: do they really work?

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kromhout ◽  
S. Yasuda ◽  
J. M. Geleijnse ◽  
H. Shimokawa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3
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