scholarly journals Short Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Microalgae Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Gong ◽  
Xiaoling Miao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
Pcc 7942

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are valued as a functional material in cosmetics. Cyanobacteria can accumulate SCFAs under some conditions, the related mechanism is unclear. Two potential genes Synpcc7942_0537 (fabB/F) and Synpcc7942_1455 (fabH) in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 have homology with fabB/F and fabH encoding β-ketoacyl ACP synthases (I/II/III) in plants. Therefore, effects of culture time and cerulenin on SCFAs accumulation, expression levels and functions of these two potential genes were studied. The results showed Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 accumulated high SCFAs (C12 + C14) in early growth stage (day 4) and at 7.5g/L cerulenin concentration, reaching to 2.44% and 2.84% of the total fatty acids respectively, where fabB/F expression was down-regulated. Fatty acid composition analysis showed C14 increased by 65.19% and 130% respectively, when fabB/F and fabH were antisense expressed. C14 increased by 10.79% (fab(B/F)−) and 6.47% (fabH−) under mutation conditions, while C8 increased by six times in fab(B/F)− mutant strain. These results suggested fabB/F is involved in fatty acid elongation (C <18) and the elongation of cis-16:1 to cis-18:1 fatty acid in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, while fabH was involved in elongation of fatty acid synthesis, which were further confirmed in complementary experiments of E. coli. The research could provide the scientific basis for the breeding of SCFA-rich microalgae species.

scholarly journals Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid synthesis by mammalian fatty acid synthetase. Synthesis of butyrate and hexanoate by lactating cow mammary gland fatty acid synthetase

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Hansen ◽  
J Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Termination ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
A Chain

1. Purified cow mammary gland fatty acid synthetase synthesized long-chain unesterified and short-chain esterified fatty acids. 2. A direct relationship was observed between the amount of short-chain products synthesized and the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the incubation medium. 3. The short-chain products were identified as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. 4. Inhibition of the terminating thioester hydrolase of the fatty acid synthetase complex with phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride did not inhibit the synthesis of short-chain products. 5. It is suggested that the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids involves the reverse of the ‘loading’ reaction.

Mammary gland enzyme systems in the study of fatty-acid synthesis

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (936) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. Introduction: The role of acetate in fatty-acid synthesis In 1945 Folley and his colleagues (see Foiley 1949, 1952; Malpress 1946) suggested that, in the ruminant, short-chain fatty acids might be synthesized by the lactating mammary gland from acetate. These short-chain fatty acids might then serve as precursors for the synthesis of long-chain acids. Folley & French (1949, 1950) showed that in vitro slices of lactating ruminant mammary gland were able to synthesize fat from acetate, as indicated by a respiratory quotient greater than unity. Non-ruminant lactating mammary tissue was unable to do so, but could utilize glucose for fat synthesis. It was later shown, with the aid of tracers (Balmain, Folley & Glascock 1954) that non-ruminant lactating mammary gland slices could use acetate for the synthesis of fat, provided that glucose was also added. Experiments in vivo laid emphasis upon the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids by the mammary gland. Popják & Beeckmans (1950) showed that injection of [ carboxy - 14 C]acetate into the pregnant rabbit gave rise to a high degree of labelling in the mammary gland fat. Fractionation of these fatty acids (Popják, Folley & French 1950) showed that the label was predominantly concentrated in the short-chain fatty acids, and that this labelling was far higher than that found in the liver fatty acids, indicating synthesis in the gland itself.

scholarly journals Stimulation of fetal hemoglobin production by short chain fatty acids

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 3227-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Liakopoulou ◽  
CA Blau ◽  
Q Li ◽  
B Josephson ◽  
JA Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Gamma Globin ◽  
Carbon Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Butyrate, a four-carbon fatty acid, and its two-carbon metabolic product, acetate, are inducers of gamma-globin synthesis. To test whether other short-chain fatty acids share this property, we first examined whether propionic acid, a three-carbon fatty acid that is not catabolized to acetate, induces gamma-globin expression. Sodium propionate increased the frequency of fetal hemoglobin containing erythroblasts and the gamma/gamma + beta mRNA ratios in adult erythroid cell cultures and F reticulocyte production in a nonanemic juvenile baboon. Short-chain fatty acids containing five (pentanoic), six (hexanoic), seven (heptanoic), eight (octanoic), and nine (nonanoic) carbons induced gamma-globin expression (as measured by increase in gamma-positive erythroblasts and gamma/gamma + beta mRNA ratios) in adult erythroid burst-forming unit cultures. There was a clear-cut relationship between the concentration of fatty acids in culture and the degree of induction of gamma-globin expression. Three-, four-, and five-carbon fatty acids were better inducers of gamma globin in culture as compared with six- to nine-carbon fatty acids. These results suggest that all short-chain fatty acids share the property of gamma-globin gene inducibility. The fact that valproic acid, a derivative of pentanoic acid, also induces gamma-globin expression suggests that short-chain fatty acid derivatives that are already approved for human use may possess the property of gamma-globin inducibility and may be of therapeutic relevance to the beta-chain hemoglobinopathies.

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) concentrations in human milk consumed by infants born at different gestational ages and the variations in concentration during lactation stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Dai ◽  
Tinglan Yuan ◽  
Xinghe Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Huiya Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids (4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) are naturally occurring in human milk triacylglycerol and are present in highest amounts in mature full-term infant milk (1.47 ± 0.66 mg g−1 fat).

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations Increase in Newly Paired Male Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhu ◽  
Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute ◽  
Haley R. Hassenstab ◽  
Caroline Smith ◽  
Devin J. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing. IMPORTANCE This study addressed a knowledge gap about longitudinal changes in the gut microbiome metabolites during animal pairing. This research in the laboratory common marmoset can control for the confounding factors such as diet and other environmental conditions. Phascolarctobacterium showed the highest contribution to the sex-biased transmission of the female to the male after pairing. Here, we observed the sex difference in the increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration in the feces of newly paired marmosets, which may be caused by the sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document