scholarly journals Activation Studies of the γ-Carbonic Anhydrases from the Antarctic Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis and Colwellia psychrerythraea with Amino Acids and Amines

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Angeli ◽  
Sonia Del Prete ◽  
Sameh M. Osman ◽  
Zeid AlOthman ◽  
William A. Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis ◽  
Antarctic Bacteria ◽  
Colwellia Psychrerythraea ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
The Antarctic

The γ-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) present in the Antarctic marine bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis and Colwellia psychrerythraea, herein referred to as PhaCA and CpsCA, respectively, were investigated for their activation with a panel of 24 amino acids and amines. Both bacteria are considered Antarctic models for the investigation of photosynthetic and metabolic pathways in organisms adapted to live in cold seawater. PhaCA was much more sensitive to activation by these compounds compared to the genetically related enzyme CpsCA. The most effective PhaCA activators were d-Phe, l-/d-DOPA, l-Tyr and 2-pyridyl-methylamine, with the activation constant KA values of 0.72–3.27 µM. d-His, l-Trp, d-Tyr, histamine, dopamine, serotonin anddicarboxylic amino acids were also effective activators of PhaCA, with KA values of 6.48–9.85 µM. CpsCA was activated by d-Phe, d-DOPA, l-Trp, l-/d-Tyr, 4-amino-l-Phe, histamine, 2-pyridyl-methylamine and l-/d-Glu with KA values of 11.2–24.4 µM. The most effective CpsCA activator was l-DOPA (KA of 4.79 µM). Given that modulators of CAs from Antarctic bacteria have not been identified and investigated in detail for their metabolic roles to date, this research sheds some light on these poorly understood processes.

Anti-biofilm activity of the Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Papa ◽  
Ermenegilda Parrilli ◽  
Filomena Sannino ◽  
Gaetano Barbato ◽  
Maria Luisa Tutino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis Tac125 ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
The Antarctic

Synthesis and Breakdown of the Universal Precursors to Biological Metabolism Promoted by Ferrous Iron

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila B. Muchowska ◽  
Sreejith Jayasree VARMA ◽  
Joseph Moran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Chemical Reaction Network ◽  
Metabolic Precursors ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

How core biological metabolism initiated and why it uses the intermediates, reactions and pathways that it does remains unclear. Life builds its molecules from CO<sub>2 </sub>and breaks them down to CO<sub>2 </sub>again through the intermediacy of just five metabolites that act as the hubs of biochemistry. Here, we describe a purely chemical reaction network promoted by Fe<sup>2+ </sup>in which aqueous pyruvate and glyoxylate, two products of abiotic CO<sub>2 </sub>reduction, build up nine of the eleven TCA cycle intermediates, including all five universal metabolic precursors. The intermediates simultaneously break down to CO<sub>2 </sub>in a life-like regime resembling biological anabolism and catabolism. Introduction of hydroxylamine and Fe<sup>0 </sup>produces four biological amino acids. The network significantly overlaps the TCA/rTCA and glyoxylate cycles and may represent a prebiotic precursor to these core metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Formaldehyde and De/Methylation in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Yan Wei ◽  
Meihua Qu ◽  
Lixian Mou ◽  
Junye Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Reactive Substance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly reactive substance that is ubiquitous in the environment and is usually considered as a pollutant. In the human body, FA is a product of various metabolic pathways and participates in one-carbon cycle, which provides carbon for the synthesis and modification of bio-compounds, such as DNA, RNA, and amino acids. Endogenous FA plays a role in epigenetic regulation, especially in the methylation and demethylation of DNA, histones, and RNA. Recently, epigenetic alterations associated with FA dysmetabolism have been considered as one of the important features in age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI), suggesting the potential of using FA as a diagnostic biomarker of ARCI. Notably, FA plays multifaceted roles, and, at certain concentrations, it promotes cell proliferation, enhances memory formation, and elongates life span, effects that could also be involved in the aetiology of ARCI. Further investigation of and the regulation of the epigenetics landscape may provide new insights about the aetiology of ARCI and provide novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals “Logrolling” in Antarctic governance: Limits and opportunities

Polar Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey McGee ◽  
Bruno Arpi ◽  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Kunlun Station ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is considered a successful example of international governance as it has managed tensions over sovereignty claims, avoided militarisation and dealt with marine resources and environmental protection. Recently, China’s influence and assertiveness in many international institutions have significantly grown. What effect this shift in the international politics will have upon Antarctic governance remains to be seen. However, to further thinking on this issue we explore two current case studies that reveal pressure points within the ATS. First, in the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Australia has proposed marine protected areas off East Antarctica, to which China and several other states have objected. Second, in the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, China has proposed special management arrangements for the area around the “Kunlun” station, to which Australia and several other states have objected. Negotiation theory suggests “logrolling” (i.e. trade of mutual decision-making support across issue areas) can be an effective strategy to avoid diplomatic deadlocks. We therefore consider the merits of a logrolling strategy for the above issues. We find that while a logrolling strategy in the ATS might facilitate short-term diplomatic success, it would carry significant risks, including the weakening of existing norms.

scholarly journals Intracellular Fate of Universally Labelled 13C Isotopic Tracers of Glucose and Xylose in Central Metabolic Pathways of Xanthomonas oryzae

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Shree ◽  
Shyam K. Masakapalli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Route

The goal of this study is to map the metabolic pathways of poorly understood bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) BXO43 fed with plant mimicking media XOM2 containing glutamate, methionine and either 40% [13C5] xylose or 40% [13C6] glucose. The metabolic networks mapped using the KEGG mapper and the mass isotopomer fragments of proteinogenic amino acids derived from GC-MS provided insights into the activities of Xoo central metabolic pathways. The average 13C in histidine, aspartate and other amino acids confirmed the activities of PPP, the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthetic routes, respectively. The similar labelling patterns of amino acids (His, Ala, Ser, Val and Gly) from glucose and xylose feeding experiments suggests that PPP would be the main metabolic route in Xoo. Owing to the lack of annotated gene phosphoglucoisomerase in BXO43, the 13C incorporation in alanine could not be attributed to the competing pathways and hence warrants additional positional labelling experiments. The negligible presence of 13C incorporation in methionine brings into question its potential role in metabolism and pathogenicity. The extent of the average 13C labelling in several amino acids highlighted the contribution of pre-existing pools that need to be accounted for in 13C-flux analysis studies. This study provided the first qualitative insights into central carbon metabolic pathway activities in Xoo.

The summer diet of demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuo Iwami
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Gobionotothen Gibberifrons ◽  
The Antarctic

The stomach contents of demersal fish in late January 1982 were analysed. Samples were taken at 100, 300 and 500 m depth south of Elephant Island, Bransfield Strait and north of Livingston Island, and at 800 m to the east of Smith Island. Fifty four taxa of fish belonging to 11 families were collected. The diets of 2101 fish representing 38 taxa were examined. These were classified into three categories, fish feeders, krill feeders and benthos feeders. Fish prey species fed on krill and/or benthos. Krill was a major dietary component for 32 (84.2%) out of 38 taxa. Gobionotothen gibberifrons was distributed at all 10 stations (100–800 m in depth) and its diet comprised krill and benthos. The present findings verify the importance of krill in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and indicate that krill is consumed by benthic fish at greater depths than previously reported.

Cold-adapted bacteria and the globin case study in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Russo ◽  
Daniela Giordano ◽  
Alessia Riccio ◽  
Guido di Prisco ◽  
Cinzia Verde
Keyword(s):  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis ◽  
Antarctic Bacterium ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis Tac125 ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Aspartate aminotransferase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125

2000 ◽  
Vol 267 (9) ◽  
pp. 2790-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Birolo ◽  
M. Luisa Tutino ◽  
Bianca Fontanella ◽  
Charles Gerday ◽  
Katia Mainolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Pseudoalteromonas Haloplanktis ◽  
Antarctic Bacterium ◽  
The Antarctic
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