scholarly journals Current Screening Methodologies in Drug Discovery for Selected Human Diseases

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lage ◽  
María Ramos ◽  
Rita Calisto ◽  
Eduarda Almeida ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
Current Screening

The increase of many deadly diseases like infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria implies re-inventing the wheel on drug discovery. A better comprehension of the metabolisms and regulation of diseases, the increase in knowledge based on the study of disease-born microorganisms’ genomes, the development of more representative disease models and improvement of techniques, technologies, and computation applied to biology are advances that will foster drug discovery in upcoming years. In this paper, several aspects of current methodologies for drug discovery of antibacterial and antifungals, anti-tropical diseases, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing, anticancer and neuroprotectors are considered. For drug discovery, two different complementary approaches can be applied: classical pharmacology, also known as phenotypic drug discovery, which is the historical basis of drug discovery, and reverse pharmacology, also designated target-based drug discovery. Screening methods based on phenotypic drug discovery have been used to discover new natural products mainly from terrestrial origin. Examples of the discovery of marine natural products are provided. A section on future trends provides a comprehensive overview on recent advances that will foster the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Asim Najmi ◽  
Sadique A. Javed ◽  
Mohammed Al Bratty ◽  
Hassan A. Alhazmi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Drug Discovery Research

Natural products represents an important source of new lead compounds in drug discovery research. Several drugs currently used as therapeutic agents have been developed from natural sources; plant sources are specifically important. In the past few decades, pharmaceutical companies demonstrated insignificant attention towards natural product drug discovery, mainly due to its intrinsic complexity. Recently, technological advancements greatly helped to address the challenges and resulted in the revived scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various approaches used in the selection, authentication, extraction/isolation, biological screening, and analogue development through the application of modern drug-development principles of plant-based natural products. Main focus is given to the bioactivity-guided fractionation approach along with associated challenges and major advancements. A brief outline of historical development in natural product drug discovery and a snapshot of the prominent natural drugs developed in the last few decades are also presented. The researcher’s opinions indicated that an integrated interdisciplinary approach utilizing technological advances is necessary for the successful development of natural products. These involve the application of efficient selection method, well-designed extraction/isolation procedure, advanced structure elucidation techniques, and bioassays with a high-throughput capacity to establish druggability and patentability of phyto-compounds. A number of modern approaches including molecular modeling, virtual screening, natural product library, and database mining are being used for improving natural product drug discovery research. Renewed scientific interest and recent research trends in natural product drug discovery clearly indicated that natural products will play important role in the future development of new therapeutic drugs and it is also anticipated that efficient application of new approaches will further improve the drug discovery campaign.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens and Detection of Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Hospital Wastewater

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hercules Sakkas ◽  
Petros Bozidis ◽  
Afrodite Ilia ◽  
George Mpekoulis ◽  
Chrissanthy Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

During a six-month period (October 2017–March 2018), the prevalence and susceptibility of important pathogenic bacteria isolated from 12 hospital raw sewage samples in North Western Greece was investigated. The samples were analyzed for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CKP), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar diffusion method according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The diversity of carbapenemases harboring K. pneumoniae was examined by two phenotyping screening methods (modified Hodge test and combined disk test), a new immunochromatographic rapid assay (RESIST-4 O.K.N.V.) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results demonstrated the prevalence of MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), VRE, and CKP in the examined hospital raw sewage samples. In addition, the aforementioned methods which are currently used in clinical laboratories for the rapid identification and detection of resistant bacteria and genes, performed sufficiently to provide reliable results in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

Use of Natural Products to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2009 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Christine M. Slover ◽  
Larry H. Danziger ◽  
Bolanle A. Adeniyi ◽  
Gail B. Mahady
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Marine Microbial Metabolites: A new wave of drugs for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 2348-2352
Author(s):  
Venkat Abhiram Earny ◽  
Venkatesh Kamath ◽  
Anuraag Muralidharan ◽  
Vandana K E ◽  
Kanav Khera
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Terrestrial Source

The steady increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria amongst medical centers, environment, animals, and food is of major concern for health care professionals. Most of the currently used mainline antibacterial drugs were discovered during the golden era of antibiotic discovery (1950-60). During this period, many natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic molecules were screened for their antimicrobial potential against a spectrum of clinical pathogens. Nevertheless, there was a gap of forty long years until the release of a newer class of antibiotics in the market. It is very vital to develop an integrated approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. There has been a paradigm shift in the field of marine drug discovery in the last two decades. Bioactive metabolites derived from the marine ecosystem are known to exhibit a wide array of pharmacological activity than the terrestrial source. Among all marine organisms, secondary metabolites derived from microbes are the most underexplored natural source. Screening of marine microbes for various antimicrobial molecules has become a noteworthy trend in marine drug discovery and provides a ray of hope for combating antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Potentials of marine natural products against malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis parasites: a review of recent articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Amuche Nweze ◽  
Florence N. Mbaoji ◽  
Yan-Ming Li ◽  
Li-Yan Yang ◽  
Shu-Shi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Background Malaria and neglected communicable protozoa parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, are among the otherwise called diseases for neglected communities, which are habitual in underprivileged populations in developing tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Some of the currently available therapeutic drugs have some limitations such as toxicity and questionable efficacy and long treatment period, which have encouraged resistance. These have prompted many researchers to focus on finding new drugs that are safe, effective, and affordable from marine environments. The aim of this review was to show the diversity, structural scaffolds, in-vitro or in-vivo efficacy, and recent progress made in the discovery/isolation of marine natural products (MNPs) with potent bioactivity against malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Main text We searched PubMed and Google scholar using Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and NOT) and the combination of related terms for articles on marine natural products (MNPs) discovery published only in English language from January 2016 to June 2020. Twenty nine articles reported the isolation, identification and antiparasitic activity of the isolated compounds from marine environment. A total of 125 compounds were reported to have been isolated, out of which 45 were newly isolated compounds. These compounds were all isolated from bacteria, a fungus, sponges, algae, a bryozoan, cnidarians and soft corals. In recent years, great progress is being made on anti-malarial drug discovery from marine organisms with the isolation of these potent compounds. Comparably, some of these promising antikinetoplastid MNPs have potency better or similar to conventional drugs and could be developed as both antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal drugs. However, very few of these MNPs have a pharmaceutical destiny due to lack of the following: sustainable production of the bioactive compounds, standard efficient screening methods, knowledge of the mechanism of action, partnerships between researchers and pharmaceutical industries. Conclusions It is crystal clear that marine organisms are a rich source of antiparasitic compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, polyketides, terpene, coumarins, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and lactones. The current and future technological innovation in natural products drug discovery will bolster the drug armamentarium for malaria and neglected tropical diseases.

scholarly journals Targeted Molecular Detection of Nosocomial Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria—On Near- and Distant-Patient Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Claudia Stein ◽  
Isabel Lange ◽  
Jürgen Rödel ◽  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Frank Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Integrative Method ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Here, we describe an integrative method to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (gn-Cp) on surfaces/fomites in the patient environment. We examined environmental samples from 28 patient rooms occupied with patients who were proven to be colonised with gn-Cp by rectal screening. Methods: We took samples after 24 h, 72 h and one week. For sampling, we divided the patient environment into four parts and took samples from near- and extended patient areas. To obtain a representative bacterial swab from a larger surface, such as the patient cabinet, we used Polywipes. Bacterial DNA was isolated. Carbapenemase was detected with specific qPCR primers. Results: With this culture- and molecular-based approach, we could control the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, we could track the spread of gn-Cp within the patient room. The number of positive detections fluctuated between 30.5% (mean value positive results after 72 h) and 35.2% (after 24 h and one week). Conclusion: The method used to detect multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment of patients by using PolywipesTM is reliable and can therefore be used as an effective, new tool in hygiene and infection control.

scholarly journals Detection of Carbapenemase Production in a Collection of Enterobacteriaceae with Characterized Resistance Mechanisms from Clinical and Environmental Origins by Use of Both Carba NP and Blue-Carba Tests: TABLE 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio García-Fernández ◽  
María-Isabel Morosini ◽  
Desirèe Gijón ◽  
Lorena Beatobe ◽  
Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type

Rapid-screening methods to confirm the presence of resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant bacteria are currently recommended. Carba NP and Blue-Carba tests were evaluated in carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceaefrom hospital (n= 102) and environmental (n= 57) origins for detecting the different molecular classes among them. Both methods showed to be fast and cost-effective, with high sensitivity (98% to 100%) and specificity (100%), and may be easily introduced in the routine laboratory.

scholarly journals Phage Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Joana Azeredo ◽  
Jean-Paul Pirnay ◽  
Diana P. Pires ◽  
Mzia Kutateladze ◽  
Krystyna Dabrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Phage Production ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Phage therapy refers to the use of bacteriophages (phages - bacterial viruses) as therapeutic agents against infectious bacterial diseases. This therapeutic approach emerged in the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the second world war. More recently however, the alarming rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the consequent need for antibiotic alternatives has renewed interest in phages as antimicrobial agents. Several scientific, technological and regulatory advances have supported the credibility of a second revolution in phage therapy. Nevertheless, phage therapy still faces many challenges that include: i) the need to increase phage collections from reference phage banks; ii) the development of efficient phage screening methods for the fast identification of the therapeutic phage(s); iii) the establishment of efficient phage therapy strategies to tackle infectious biofilms; iv) the validation of feasible phage production protocols that assure quality and safety of phage preparations; and (v) the guarantee of stability of phage preparations during manufacturing, storage and transport. Moreover, current maladapted regulatory structures represent a significant hurdle for potential commercialization of phage therapeutics. This article describes the past and current status of phage therapy and presents the most recent advances in this domain.

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