scholarly journals Spherical Fuzzy Graphs with Application to Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Danish Saleem ◽  
Talal Al-Hawary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Picture Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Evaluation Information

In a network model, the evaluation information given by decision makers are occasionally of types: yes, abstain, no, and refusal. To deal with such problems, we use mathematical models based on picture fuzzy sets. The spherical fuzzy model is more versatile than the picture fuzzy model as it broadens the space of uncertain and vague information, due to its outstanding feature of vast space of participation of acceptable triplets. Graphs are a mathematical representation of networks. Thus to deal with many real-world phenomena represented by networks, spherical fuzzy graphs can be used to model different practical scenarios in a more flexible manner than picture fuzzy graphs. In this research article, we discuss two operations on spherical fuzzy graphs (SFGs), namely, symmetric difference and rejection; and develop some results regarding their degrees and total degrees. We describe certain concepts of irregular SFGs with several important properties. Further, we present an application of SFGs in decision making.

An algebraic approach to N-soft sets with application in decision-making using TOPSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shabir ◽  
Rimsha Mushtaq ◽  
Munazza Naz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Commutative Monoids ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we focus on two main objectives. Firstly, we define some binary and unary operations on N-soft sets and study their algebraic properties. In unary operations, three different types of complements are studied. We prove De Morgan’s laws concerning top complements and for bottom complements for N-soft sets where N is fixed and provide a counterexample to show that De Morgan’s laws do not hold if we take different N. Then, we study different collections of N-soft sets which become idempotent commutative monoids and consequently show, that, these monoids give rise to hemirings of N-soft sets. Some of these hemirings are turned out as lattices. Finally, we show that the collection of all N-soft sets with full parameter set E and collection of all N-soft sets with parameter subset A are Stone Algebras. The second objective is to integrate the well-known technique of TOPSIS and N-soft set-based mathematical models from the real world. We discuss a hybrid model of multi-criteria decision-making combining the TOPSIS and N-soft sets and present an algorithm with implementation on the selection of the best model of laptop.

scholarly journals Elite Decision-making and International Law: Promises and Perils of the Behavioral Revolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Actual Decision

A growing body of research applies behavioral approaches to the study of international law, mainly by studying convenience samples of students or other segments of the general public. Alongside the promises of this agenda are concerns about applying findings from non-elite populations to the people, and groups of people, charged with most real-world decision-making in the domain of law and governance. This concern is compounded by the fact that it is extremely difficult to recruit these actual decision-makers in a way that allows for direct study.

scholarly journals Identification of reverse logistics decision types from mathematical models

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Cortés Pellicer ◽  
Faustino Alarcón Valero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Aid Decision

Purpose: The increase in social awareness, politics and environmental regulation, the scarcity of raw materials and the desired “green” image, are some of the reasons that lead companies to decide for implement processes of Reverse Logistics (RL). At the time when incorporate new RL processes as key business processes, new and important decisions need to be made. Identification and knowledge of these decisions, including the information available and the implications for the company or supply chain, will be fundamental for decision-makers to achieve the best results. In the present work, the main types of RL decisions are identified.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the analysis of mathematical models designed as tools to aid decision making in the field of RL. Once the types of interest work to be analyzed are defined, those studies that really deal about the object of study are searched and analyzed. The decision variables that are taken at work are identified and grouped according to the type of decision and, finally, are showed the main types of decisions used in mathematical models developed in the field of RL.    Findings: The principal conclusion of the research is that the most commonly addressed decisions with mathematical models in the field of RL are those related to the network’s configuration, followed by tactical/operative decisions such as the selections of product’s treatments to realize and the policy of returns or prices, among other decisions.Originality/value: The identification of the main decisions types of the reverse logistics will allow the managers of these processes to know and understand them better, while offer an integrated vision of them, favoring the achievement of better results. 

scholarly journals Specific Types of Pythagorean Fuzzy Graphs and Application to Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Amna Habib ◽  
Farwa Ilyas ◽  
Jawaria Dar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Symmetric Difference ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

The purpose of this research study is to present some new operations, including rejection, symmetric difference, residue product, and maximal product of Pythagorean fuzzy graphs (PFGs), and to explore some of their properties. This research article introduces certain notions, including intuitionistic fuzzy graphs of 3-type (IFGs3T), intuitionistic fuzzy graphs of 4-type (IFGs4T), and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs of n-type (IFGsnT), and proves that every IFG(n−1)T is an IFGnT (for n ≥ 2). Moreover, this study discusses the application of Pythagorean fuzzy graphs in decision making.

scholarly journals Advancing the WHO-INTEGRATE Framework as a Tool for Evidence-Informed, Deliberative Decision-Making Processes: Exploring the Views of Developers and Users of WHO Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Stratil ◽  
Deepak Paudel ◽  
Karen E. Setty ◽  
Carlos E. Menezes de Rezende ◽  
Aline A. Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Integrate Framework

Background: Decision-making on matters of public health and health policy is a deeply value-laden process. The World Health Organization (WHO)-INTEGRATE framework was proposed as a new evidence-to-decision (EtD) framework to support guideline development from a complexity perspective, notably in relation to public health and health system interventions, and with a foundation in WHO norms and values. This study was conducted as part of the development of the framework to assess its comprehensiveness and usefulness for public health and health policy decision-making. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study comprising nine key informant interviews (KIIs) with experts involved in WHO guideline development and four focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of forty health decision-makers from Brazil, Germany, Nepal and Uganda. Transcripts were analyzed using MAXQDA12 and qualitative content analysis. Results: Most key informants and participants in the FGDs appreciated the framework for its relevance to real-world decision-making on four widely differing health topics. They praised its broad perspective and comprehensiveness with respect to new or expanded criteria, notably regarding societal implications, equity considerations, and acceptability. Some guideline developers questioned the value of the framework beyond current practice and were concerned with the complexity of applying such a broad range of criteria in guideline development processes. Participants made concrete suggestions for improving the wording and definitions of criteria as well as their grouping, for covering missing aspects, and for addressing overlap between criteria. Conclusion: The framework was well-received by health decision-makers as well as the developers of WHO guidelines and appears to capture all relevant considerations discussed in four distinct real-world decision processes that took place on four different continents. Guidance is needed on how to apply the framework in guideline processes that are both transparent and participatory. A set of suggestions for improvement provides a valuable starting point for advancing the framework towards version 2.0.

A GMCDM approach with linguistic Z-numbers based on TOPSIS and Choquet integral considering risk preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4285-4298
Author(s):  
Ran Tao ◽  
Fuyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Evaluation Information

Group multi-criteria decision-making (GMCDM) is an important part of decision theory, which is aimed to assess alternatives according to multiple criteria by collecting the wisdom of experts. However, in the process of evaluating, because of the limitation of human knowledge and the complexity of problems, an efficient GMCDM approach under uncertain environment still need to be further explored. Thus, in this paper, a novel GMCDM approach with linguistic Z-numbers based on TOPSIS and Choquet integral is proposed. Firstly, since linguistic Z-numbers performs better in coping with uncertain information, it is used to express the evaluation information. Secondly, TOPSIS, one of the most useful and systematic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, is adopted as the framework of the proposed approach. Thirdly, frequently it exists interaction between criteria, so Choquet integral is introduced to capture this kind of influence. What’s more, viewing that decision makers (DMs) show different preferences for uncertainty, the risk preference is regarded as a vital parameter when calculating the score of linguistic Z-numbers. An application in supplier selection is illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, a further comparison and discussion of the proposed GMCDM method is given.

Does scheduling matter? When unscheduled decision making results in more effective meetings

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Eisenbart ◽  
Massimo Garbuio ◽  
Daniele Mascia ◽  
Federica Morandi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Meeting Scheduling ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Potential Impact

Purpose – Managers spend a great deal of time in meetings making decisions critical to organisational success, yet the design aspects of meetings remain largely understudied. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the potential impact of one critical design aspect of meetings – namely, whether a decision to be taken (or the meeting in general) was scheduled or not – on the use of distributed information, information elaboration, conflict, speed of decision making, and, ultimately, decision-making effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The research presented in this paper combines a literature review with empirical data obtained from questionnaires and direct observation of decision making meetings on organisational issues in a hospital. One meeting was scheduled, the other two were unscheduled. A second questionnaire was administered 12 months after the respective decision making meetings to explore and evaluate the efficiency of the decisions made and their implementation. Findings – This paper suggests that a scheduled meeting with a shared agenda of all decisions to be taken may induce decision makers to form opinions upfront at the meeting, with these opinions eventually serving as sources of conflict during group discussion. Because of the nature of the conflict generated, these meetings are more likely to run long and to not deliver the expected outcomes. Originality/value – The study contributes to the debate on group decision-making processes by examining the effect of meeting scheduling on information elaboration and conflict in real-world decision-making settings. Although robust evidence has supported the existence of relationships between information elaboration, conflict, and decision-making effectiveness, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of these processes during scheduled meetings and experimental settings. The findings of the present study show the effect of meeting scheduling on decision-making effectiveness in real-world settings.

Appraisement and benchmarking of supply chain performance extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Sahu ◽  
Saurav Datta ◽  
Siba Sankar Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Triangular Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Subjective Judgment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grey Relation ◽  
Evaluation Information

Purpose – Supply chain performance (SCP) extent can be attributed as a function of multiple criteria/attributes. Most of the criterions/attributes being intangible in nature; SCP appraisement relies on the subjective judgment of the decision makers. Moreover, quantitative appraisement of SCP appears to be very difficult due to involvement of ill-defined (vague) performance measures as well as metrics. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient decision support system (DSS) to facilitate SCP appraisement, benchmarking and related decision making. Design/methodology/approach – This study explores the concept of fuzzy logic in order to tackle incomplete and inconsistent subjective judgment of the decision makers’ whilst evaluating supply chain’s overall performance. Grey relational analysis has been adopted in the later stage to derive appropriate ranking of alternative companies/enterprises (in the same industry) in view of ongoing SCP extent. Findings – In this work, a performance appraisement index system has been postulated to gather evaluation information (weights and ratings) in relation to SCP measures and metrics. Combining the concepts of fuzzy set theory, entropy, ideal and grey relation analysis, a fuzzy grey relation method for SCP benchmarking problem has been presented. First, triangular fuzzy numbers and linguistic evaluation information characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers have been used to evaluate the importance weights of all criteria and the superiority of all alternatives vs various criteria above the alternative level. Then, the concept of entropy has been utilized to solve the adjusted integration weight of all objective criteria above the alternative level. Moreover, using the concept of the grey ration grades, various alternatives have been ranked accordingly. Originality/value – Finally, an empirical example of selecting most appropriate company has been used to demonstrate the ease of applicability of the aforesaid approach. The study results showed that this method appears to be an effective means for tackling multi-criteria decision-making problems in uncertain environments. Empirical data have been analysed and results obtained thereof, have been reported to exhibit application potential of the said fuzzy grey relation based DSS in appropriate situation.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Analysis Based on Fuzzy Graph Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali N. A. Koam ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Peide Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Combinatorial Problems ◽  
Graph Structure ◽  
Fuzzy Graph ◽  
The Road ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Graph Structures ◽  
Fuzzy Graphs ◽  
Degree Of A Vertex

A graph structure is a useful framework to solve the combinatorial problems in various fields of computational intelligence systems and computer science. In this research article, the concept of fuzzy sets is applied to the graph structure to define certain notions of fuzzy graph structures. Fuzzy graph structures can be very useful in the study of various structures, including fuzzy graphs, signed graphs, and the graphs having labeled or colored edges. The notions of the fuzzy graph structure, lexicographic-max product, and degree and total degree of a vertex in the lexicographic-max product are introduced. Further, the proposed concepts are explained through several numerical examples. In particular, applications of the fuzzy graph structures in decision-making process, regarding detection of marine crimes and detection of the road crimes, are presented. Finally, the general procedure of these applications is described by an algorithm.

scholarly journals Numerical Implementation of a Fuzzy Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Technological Innovations in the Formation of a Portfolio of Projects in an Industrial Enterprise

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
O M Shatalova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Numerical Implementation ◽  
Management Decision Making

A high uncertainty and fuzziness of information in the systems of development and organizations production of technological innovations are forming the need to use adequate management decision-making tools. A key condition for decisions in such systems is, as a rule, the criterion of efficiency. The paper presents the results of the numerical implementation of a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of technological innovations from the standpoint of non-stochastic uncertainty. The approach is based on fuzzy calculations and fuzzy modeling. This approach is aimed at integrating deterministic, stochastic and expert knowledge of the system; it provides an expanded view of the content of the “effectiveness” category itself and the composition of relevant factors, allows you to take into account the restrictions and preferences of decision makers relevant to the system under study. The considered approach is adapted to the specifics of managing technological innovation in an industrial enterprise. The results of the development and numerical implementation of a fuzzy model for evaluating the effectiveness of technological innovations have led to the conclusion that the approach used expands (complements) the composition of the existing methods in this field of knowledge; the numerical value of the efficiency (W) obtained in the fuzzy model can be considered as an additional analytical indicator of information support of the management decision-making process; the significance of this indicator is due to the fact that the indicator W reveals strategically significant prerequisites and provides clarification (justification) of the values of the key technical and economic parameters. The fuzzy W evaluation model allows for combining deterministic and stochastic data with expert estimates and to formalize mental judgments of decision makers using language means of mathematics. Thus, the prerequisites for building an intelligent automated decision-making system in the management of innovative processes and projects in the enterprise are provided.

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