scholarly journals The Basis Invariant of Generalized n-Cube Symmetries Group with Odd Degrees

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3221
Author(s):  
Marina Bershadsky ◽  
Božidar Ivanković
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Polynomial Invariants ◽  
Basis Invariant

The basis polynomial invariants with even degrees relatively to the symmetries group were described in cited literature. Here, the polynomial invariants with odd degrees are constructed. We give an explicit construction of all the basic polynomial invariants as algebra generators of odd degrees relatively to the symmetries group. All calculations are presented in detail.

Polynomial invariants for virtual marked graphs and virtual surface-link theory I

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750081
Author(s):  
Sang Youl Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Extension ◽  
Polynomial Invariants ◽  
Kauffman Bracket ◽  
Virtual Links ◽  
Link Theory ◽  
Marked Graphs ◽  
Bracket Polynomial ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, we introduce a notion of virtual marked graphs and their equivalence and then define polynomial invariants for virtual marked graphs using invariants for virtual links. We also formulate a way how to define the ideal coset invariants for virtual surface-links using the polynomial invariants for virtual marked graphs. Examining this theory with the Kauffman bracket polynomial, we establish a natural extension of the Kauffman bracket polynomial to virtual marked graphs and found the ideal coset invariant for virtual surface-links using the extended Kauffman bracket polynomial.

scholarly journals Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems for Periodic Media with Nonlocal Nonlinearity: The Case of Nematic Liquid Crystals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4420
Author(s):  
Panayotis Panayotaros
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Infinite System ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Translation Invariance ◽  
Nonlocal Nonlinearity ◽  
Wannier Functions ◽  
Nonlinear Schrödinger ◽  
Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems

We study properties of an infinite system of discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations that is equivalent to a coupled Schrödinger-elliptic differential equation with periodic coefficients. The differential equation was derived as a model for laser beam propagation in optical waveguide arrays in a nematic liquid crystal substrate and can be relevant to related systems with nonlocal nonlinearities. The infinite system is obtained by expanding the relevant physical quantities in a Wannier function basis associated to a periodic Schrödinger operator appearing in the problem. We show that the model can describe stable beams, and we estimate the optical power at different length scales. The main result of the paper is the Hamiltonian structure of the infinite system, assuming that the Wannier functions are real. We also give an explicit construction of real Wannier functions, and examine translation invariance properties of the linear part of the system in the Wannier basis.

scholarly journals Instanton bundles on two Fano threefolds of index 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1315-1336
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Casnati ◽  
Ozhan Genc
Keyword(s):  
Irreducible Component ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Fano Threefolds ◽  
Instanton Bundles

AbstractWe deal with instanton bundles on the product {\mathbb{P}^{1}\times\mathbb{P}^{2}} and the blow up of {\mathbb{P}^{3}} along a line. We give an explicit construction leading to instanton bundles. Moreover, we also show that they correspond to smooth points of a unique irreducible component of their moduli space.

scholarly journals Exceptional nonrelativistic effective field theories with enhanced symmetries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Brauner
Keyword(s):  
Effective Field Theories ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Relativistic Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Spatial Rotations

Abstract We initiate the classification of nonrelativistic effective field theories (EFTs) for Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons, possessing a set of redundant, coordinate-dependent symmetries. Similarly to the relativistic case, such EFTs are natural candidates for “exceptional” theories, whose scattering amplitudes feature an enhanced soft limit, that is, scale with a higher power of momentum at long wavelengths than expected based on the mere presence of Adler’s zero. The starting point of our framework is the assumption of invariance under spacetime translations and spatial rotations. The setup is nevertheless general enough to accommodate a variety of nontrivial kinematical algebras, including the Poincaré, Galilei (or Bargmann) and Carroll algebras. Our main result is an explicit construction of the nonrelativistic versions of two infinite classes of exceptional theories: the multi-Galileon and the multi-flavor Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) theories. In both cases, we uncover novel Wess-Zumino terms, not present in their relativistic counterparts, realizing nontrivially the shift symmetries acting on the NG fields. We demonstrate how the symmetries of the Galileon and DBI theories can be made compatible with a nonrelativistic, quadratic dispersion relation of (some of) the NG modes.

scholarly journals NONRELATIVISTIC HOLOGRAPHY — A GROUP-THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1430001 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. DOBREV
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Intertwining Operators ◽  
Difference Operators ◽  
Semisimple Lie Groups ◽  
Boundary Operators ◽  
Boundary Fields ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Schrödinger Algebra

We give a review of some group-theoretical results related to nonrelativistic holography. Our main playgrounds are the Schrödinger equation and the Schrödinger algebra. We first recall the interpretation of nonrelativistic holography as equivalence between representations of the Schrödinger algebra describing bulk fields and boundary fields. One important result is the explicit construction of the boundary-to-bulk operators in the framework of representation theory, and that these operators and the bulk-to-boundary operators are intertwining operators. Further, we recall the fact that there is a hierarchy of equations on the boundary, invariant with respect to Schrödinger algebra. We also review the explicit construction of an analogous hierarchy of invariant equations in the bulk, and that the two hierarchies are equivalent via the bulk-to-boundary intertwining operators. The derivation of these hierarchies uses a mechanism introduced first for semisimple Lie groups and adapted to the nonsemisimple Schrödinger algebra. These require development of the representation theory of the Schrödinger algebra which is reviewed in some detail. We also recall the q-deformation of the Schrödinger algebra. Finally, the realization of the Schrödinger algebra via difference operators is reviewed.

scholarly journals An explicit construction of the dimension-9 operator basis in the standard model effective field theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liao ◽  
Xiao-Dong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Symmetry Relations

Abstract We investigate systematically dimension-9 operators in the standard model effective field theory which contains only standard model fields and respects its gauge symmetry. With the help of the Hilbert series approach to classifying operators according to their lepton and baryon numbers and their field contents, we construct the basis of operators explicitly. We remove redundant operators by employing various kinematic and algebraic relations including integration by parts, equations of motion, Schouten identities, Dirac matrix and Fierz identities, and Bianchi identities. We confirm counting of independent operators by analyzing their flavor symmetry relations. All operators violate lepton or baryon number or both, and are thus non-Hermitian. Including Hermitian conjugated operators there are $$ {\left.384\right|}_{\Delta B=0}^{\Delta L=\pm 2}+{\left.10\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 2}^{\Delta L=0}+{\left.4\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 3}+{\left.236\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\mp 1} $$ 384 Δ B = 0 Δ L = ± 2 + 10 Δ B = ± 2 Δ L = 0 + 4 Δ B = ± 1 Δ L = ± 3 + 236 Δ B = ± 1 Δ L = ∓ 1 operators without referring to fermion generations, and $$ {\left.44874\right|}_{\Delta B=0}^{\Delta L=\pm 2}+{\left.2862\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 2}^{\Delta L=0}+{\left.486\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 3}+{\left.42234\right|}_{\Delta B=\mp 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 1} $$ 44874 Δ B = 0 Δ L = ± 2 + 2862 Δ B = ± 2 Δ L = 0 + 486 Δ B = ± 1 Δ L = ± 3 + 42234 Δ B = ∓ 1 Δ L = ± 1 operators when three generations of fermions are referred to, where ∆L, ∆B denote the net lepton and baryon numbers of the operators. Our result provides a starting point for consistent phenomenological studies associated with dimension-9 operators.

scholarly journals Characters and group invariant polynomials of (super)fields: road to “Lagrangian”

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Upalaparna Banerjee ◽  
Joydeep Chakrabortty ◽  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Shakeel Ur Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Compact Groups ◽  
Group Invariant ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Mass Dimension ◽  
Complete Set

AbstractThe dynamics of the subatomic fundamental particles, represented by quantum fields, and their interactions are determined uniquely by the assigned transformation properties, i.e., the quantum numbers associated with the underlying symmetry of the model under consideration. These fields constitute a finite number of group invariant operators which are assembled to build a polynomial, known as the Lagrangian of that particular model. The order of the polynomial is determined by the mass dimension. In this paper, we have introduced an automated $${\texttt {Mathematica}}^{\tiny \textregistered }$$ Mathematica ® package, GrIP, that computes the complete set of operators that form a basis at each such order for a model containing any number of fields transforming under connected compact groups. The spacetime symmetry is restricted to the Lorentz group. The first part of the paper is dedicated to formulating the algorithm of GrIP. In this context, the detailed and explicit construction of the characters of different representations corresponding to connected compact groups and respective Haar measures have been discussed in terms of the coordinates of their respective maximal torus. In the second part, we have documented the user manual of GrIP that captures the generic features of the main program and guides to prepare the input file. We have attached a sub-program CHaar to compute characters and Haar measures for $$SU(N), SO(2N), SO(2N+1), Sp(2N)$$ S U ( N ) , S O ( 2 N ) , S O ( 2 N + 1 ) , S p ( 2 N ) . This program works very efficiently to find out the higher mass (non-supersymmetric) and canonical (supersymmetric) dimensional operators relevant to the effective field theory (EFT). We have demonstrated the working principles with two examples: the standard model (SM) and the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). We have further highlighted important features of GrIP, e.g., identification of effective operators leading to specific rare processes linked with the violation of baryon and lepton numbers, using several beyond standard model (BSM) scenarios. We have also tabulated a complete set of dimension-6 operators for each such model. Some of the operators possess rich flavour structures which are discussed in detail. This work paves the way towards BSM-EFT.

scholarly journals Twisted K-theory constructions in the case of a decomposable Dixmier-Douady class

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti J. Harju ◽  
Jouko Mickelsson
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Lie Groups ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Compact Lie Groups ◽  
Field Theory Model ◽  
Cup Product ◽  
K Theory

AbstractTwisted K-theory on a manifold X, with twisting in the 3rd integral cohomology, is discussed in the case when X is a product of a circle and a manifold M. The twist is assumed to be decomposable as a cup product of the basic integral one form on and an integral class in H2(M,ℤ). This case was studied some time ago by V. Mathai, R. Melrose, and I.M. Singer. Our aim is to give an explicit construction for the twisted K-theory classes using a quantum field theory model, in the same spirit as the supersymmetric Wess-Zumino-Witten model is used for constructing (equivariant) twisted K-theory classes on compact Lie groups.

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