scholarly journals A Chemical Analysis of Hybrid Economic Systems—Tokens and Money

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 2607
Author(s):  
Anabele-Linda Pardi ◽  
Mario Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Token Economies ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Levels

With the influence of digital technology in our daily lives continuously growing, we investigate methods with the purpose of assessing the stability, sustainability, and design of systems of token economies that include tokens and conventional currencies. Based on a chemical approach, we model markets with a minimum number of variables and compare the transaction rates, stability, and token design properties at different levels of tokenisation. The kinetic study reveals that in certain conditions, if the price of a product contains both conventional money and tokens, one can treat this combination as one composite currency. The dynamic behaviour of the analysed systems is proven to be dynamically stable for the chosen models. Moreover, by applying the supply and demand law to recalculate the prices of products, the necessity of previous knowledge of certain token attributes—token divisibility and token–money exchange rates—emerges. The chemical framework, along with the analytic methods that we propose, is flexible enough to be adjusted to a variety of conditions and offer valuable information about economic systems.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure of the Economic Potential of a Region

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-437
Author(s):  
Ekateryna V. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction. The economic potential of a region is a factor in positive trends in the development of economic systems and in the stability of the state in the inter-national arena. The mechanisms of such influence are based on internal processes taking place in the structure of the economic potential of a region. However, the lack of fundamental study of the structure of the economic potential of a region and the increased interest in this issue are topical and led to the choice of this research topic which is aimed at studying the internal structure of the economic potential of a region as well as at determining the characteristics of each of its elements. Materials and Methods. When determining the structure of the economic potential of a region, the methods of the empirical, experimental and theoretical levels were used such as the method of comparing different types of economic potential, the hypothetical and logical methods as well as the simulation method. Results. By comparing the types of economic potentials at different levels of func-tioning of the economy, the elements of the structure of the economic potential of a region were identified and analyzed, subordination between them was established. Presence of subordination made it possible to identify the hierarchical structure and to present it in the form of a 3 -level hierarchy. For a more accurate understanding of the links and significance of the hierarchy of types of the economic potential of a region, the meanings and components of each level of the hierarchy were described. Discussion and Conclusions. A hierarchical structure of the economic potential of a region was revealed due to the existence of subordination between the elements of the structure. The research materials may be useful when planning economic development of a region and the state in order to strengthen market positions and competitiveness. The data obtained are of value both for economists and scientists involved in the study of regional economy.

Implications of Person Fluctuation for the Stability and Validity of Test Scores

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fluctuation Model

In the IRT person-fluctuation model, the individual trait levels fluctuate within a single test administration whereas the items have fixed locations. This article studies the relations between the person and item parameters of this model and two central properties of item and test scores: temporal stability and external validity. For temporal stability, formulas are derived for predicting and interpreting item response changes in a test-retest situation on the basis of the individual fluctuations. As for validity, formulas are derived for obtaining disattenuated estimates and for predicting changes in validity in groups with different levels of fluctuation. These latter formulas are related to previous research in the person-fit domain. The results obtained and the relations discussed are illustrated with an empirical example.

Consumer Behavior Changes Post Pandemic Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Tati Maryati
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
At Home

The Corona virus or Covid-19 which is unexpected will come to us, has an impact on health, economy and also humanity throughout the world and is able to fundamentally change the world. Supplements are disrupted because production is stopped, retail stores close, causing consumers to change their behavior, which had previously gone offline shopping. Not just shopping, when a pandemic, the way of thinking becomes different. Consumers around the world are looking for products and brands through new ways and new habits are formed. Online transactions focus more on basic products to make ends meet. The fact that Covid-19's anti-virus has not been found raises concerns about disrupted health and the Government's regulation to work and stay at home also raises concerns about disrupted businesses. Differences from habits and interests or preferences that are different for each person, provide different responses to the problems faced and solutions for the future. The habit of shopping offline has a tendency to continue for complementary products while food products are more directed towards offline. The rest eating habits at home can be continued because it provides more hygiene guarantees. The new habit of holding online meetings with distant relatives or colleagues will be increasingly considered given the many more positive things that can be obtained. Likewise with work problems, working from home is more interesting to consider because it is more efficient and effective and the results can be more productive. This new consumer behavior is adjusted to provide satisfaction for many parties, with the assistance of institutions or governments that oversee the security of supply and demand and maintain the stability of both. 

Kajian Literatur : Etnografi Digital Sebagai Cara Baru Dalam Pencarian Data Dalam Proses Perencanaan Arsitektur

AKSEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Andrey Caesar Effendi ◽  
LMF Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Real ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Architectural Programming ◽  
Programming Process ◽  
The Way

The use of digital technology today can be said to be inseparable in our daily lives. Digital technology isslowly changing the way we communicate with others and the environment. Socialization that is usuallyface-to-face in the real world now can be done to not having to meet face-to-face in cyberspace. Thisliterature review aims to see a change in the way of obtaining data that is growing, with the use of digitaltechnology in ethnographic methods. The method used in this paper is to use descriptive qualitativeresearch methods by analyzing the existing literature. So it can be concluded that the use of digitalethnography in the architectural programming process can be a new way of searching for data at thearchitectural programming stage.

scholarly journals "When I am in Japan, I feel as though I'm not disabled": A cross-cultural adjustment study of trainees with disabilities from Asia-Pacific regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Iwakuma ◽  
Masako Okuhira ◽  
Satomi Nasu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Adjustment Processes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to examine the cross-cultural adjustment processes of trainees with disabilities from Asia-Pacific regions, with the aim to explore factors that influence cross-cultural adjustments and uncover experiences by individuals with disabilities. We interviewed a total of 13 trainees, some of whom were interviewed multiple times. Several factors (e.g., affluence of the Japanese lifestyle, maintaining contact with home via the Internet, and/or previous knowledge of the host culture) greatly affected their transitions to Japan. Notably, participant adjustments were made on several different levels, including physical, social, and attitudinal.

scholarly journals MONETARY POLICY IN AN ISLAMIC ECONOMICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Bismi Khalidin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Market Operation ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Open Market Operation ◽  
The Stability

The primary aim of this paper is to elucidate the general concept of monetary policy under Islamic Economics. Not only does the stability of but also the growth of the economy in a country strongly depends upon monetary policy implemented. Such the phenomenon also prevails in Islamic Economics in which the term is also ruled by the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet. Moreover, the Prophet issued some regulations regarding monetary, such as to adopt Dinars and as the Islamic currencies. It is noted that, however, the thing distinguishing between Islamic Economics and other economic systems the variable of interest or usury, where either the Holy Quran or the Hadith clearly states that it is banned. Due to using interest as the yardstick, the conventional monetary instruments such as Open Market Operation, Discount Rate and the likes are not considered as the monetary instruments under Islamic Economics. Therefore, Instead of interest, Islamic Economics adopts Profit Loss Sharing (PLS) system, regarded as the important part of monetary policy. Moreover, Islamic Economics has also its specific monetary standard and instruments, which are far from interest or variables, such as certificates and others.

CONSTANT AND VARIABLE IN THE STYLE OF A RUSSIAN PIANO QUARTET

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
N. K. Samoilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
Piano Quartet ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Different Levels

The process of the steady rooting of invariant genre features of a piano quartet is considered through the ratio between stable and mobile features. Here there is either the complete independence of the instruments, but on the principles of equal participation in the embodiment of musical content, or the variability in the relations of instrumental parts. As the main ones in the genre, the musical norms of the classic-romantic style and the stability of the timbre composition are established. It is noted that in Russian music the evolution of the piano quartet passed through different phases: genre stabilization and recovery, temporary stop and subsequent active development. Transformation processes went through different levels: structure, content, instrumental- timbre solutions, rethinking the functional roles of partner instruments. The movement from the traditional normativity of instrumental compositions to the difference of timbre combinations in the XXth–XXIst centuries was primarily predetermined by such factors as polyphonization of texture, the active introduction of polyphonic forms, new techniques of instrumentation. In the modern piano quartet, the central idea of chamber music making, the idea of co-creation generates both an extremely individualized form of embodiment and a free timbre composition. In conclusion, it is noted that the piano quartet genre has the ability to accumulate the leading style trends in chamber music of different eras.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Maksym Voichuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The article analyzes scientific approaches to defining the concept of inclusive growth, its place, and its role in the structure of economic systems. Attention is paid to the participation of various researchers and international organizations in the formation of this concept. The practical as-pects of the implementation of the concept of “inclusive economic growth” are determined and the prospects for further research on this concept are outlined, in particular, in terms of different levels of the economy.

Comparative Analysis of Efficient Platforms

2015 ◽  
pp. 342-361
Author(s):  
Khawaja Tehseen Ahmed ◽  
Mazhar Ul-Haq ◽  
Arsalaan Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Raihan ur Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hybrid Platform ◽  
Paper Format ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Different Levels

With the advancement of technology we are heading towards a paperless environment. But there are still a large numbers of documents that exist in paper format in our daily lives. Thus the need to digitize these paper documents, archive them and view them at all times has arisen. The number of documents of a small organization may be in thousands, millions or even more. This chapter presents comparative analysis of different programming languages and libraries where it is intended to parallel process a huge stream of images which undergo unpredictable arrival of the images and variation in time. Since the parallelism can be implemented at different levels, different algorithms and techniques have also been discussed. It also presents the state of the art and discussion of various existing technical solutions to implement the parallelization on a hybrid platform for the real time processing of the images contained in a stream. Experimental results obtained using Apache Hadoop in combination with OpenMP have also been discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Efficient Platforms

Biometrics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1221-1240
Author(s):  
Khawaja Tehseen Ahmed ◽  
Mazhar Ul-Haq ◽  
Arsalaan Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Raihan ur Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hybrid Platform ◽  
Paper Format ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Different Levels

With the advancement of technology we are heading towards a paperless environment. But there are still a large numbers of documents that exist in paper format in our daily lives. Thus the need to digitize these paper documents, archive them and view them at all times has arisen. The number of documents of a small organization may be in thousands, millions or even more. This chapter presents comparative analysis of different programming languages and libraries where it is intended to parallel process a huge stream of images which undergo unpredictable arrival of the images and variation in time. Since the parallelism can be implemented at different levels, different algorithms and techniques have also been discussed. It also presents the state of the art and discussion of various existing technical solutions to implement the parallelization on a hybrid platform for the real time processing of the images contained in a stream. Experimental results obtained using Apache Hadoop in combination with OpenMP have also been discussed.

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