scholarly journals Vector Geometric Algebra in Power Systems: An Updated Formulation of Apparent Power under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Francisco G. Montoya ◽  
Raúl Baños ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos ◽  
Javier Roldán-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Geometric Algebra ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Distorted Grid ◽  
Alternative Expression ◽  
Phase Systems

Traditional electrical power theories and one of their most important concepts—apparent power—are still a source of debate, because they present several flaws that misinterpret the power-transfer and energy-balance phenomena under distorted grid conditions. In recent years, advanced mathematical tools such as geometric algebra (GA) have been introduced to address these issues. However, the application of GA to electrical circuits requires more consensus, improvements and refinement. In this paper, electrical power theories for single-phase systems based on GA were revisited. Several drawbacks and inconsistencies of previous works were identified, and some amendments were introduced. An alternative expression is presented for the electric power in the geometric domain. Its norm is compatible with the traditional apparent power defined as the product of the RMS voltage and current. The use of this expression simplifies calculations such as those required for current decomposition. This proposal is valid even for distorted currents and voltages. Concepts are presented in a simple way so that a strong background on GA is not required. The paper included some examples and experimental results in which measurements from a utility supply were analysed.

scholarly journals Geometric Algebra Framework Applied to Symmetrical Balanced Three-Phase Systems for Sinusoidal and Non-Sinusoidal Voltage Supply

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Francisco G. Montoya ◽  
Raúl Baños ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos ◽  
Javier Roldán Roldán Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Algebra ◽  
Dimensional Euclidean Space ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Current Harmonics ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents a new framework based on geometric algebra (GA) to solve and analyse three-phase balanced electrical circuits under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. The proposed approach is an exploratory application of the geometric algebra power theory (GAPoT) to multiple-phase systems. A definition of geometric apparent power for three-phase systems, that complies with the energy conservation principle, is also introduced. Power calculations are performed in a multi-dimensional Euclidean space where cross effects between voltage and current harmonics are taken into consideration. By using the proposed framework, the current can be easily geometrically decomposed into active- and non-active components for current compensation purposes. The paper includes detailed examples in which electrical circuits are solved and the results are analysed. This work is a first step towards a more advanced polyphase proposal that can be applied to systems under real operation conditions, where unbalance and asymmetry is considered.

scholarly journals Relationship between the coefficients of a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Georgiy A. Bolshanin ◽  
Elena G. Skulina
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Set Up

Problem Statement (Relevance): This paper describes one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the equations of other forms that evaluate the state of a passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Such six-terminal network can replace devices, elements or parts of electrical circuits or electric power systems. The coefficients of the B-form equations, as well as the coefficients of the A-form equations, can be determined experimentally. In principle, the coefficients of equations of other forms can also be determined experimentally. However, such experiments are usually difficult to set up and conduct. Thus, it seems to be more reasonable to determine these coefficients from the established quantitative relationship with the previously determined coefficients of the B-form. Objectives: To establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations describing the state of the six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the same six-terminal network. Methods Applied: Mathematical modelling and some elements of the theory of multi-terminal networks. Originality: The originality of this research lies in the proposed method of establishing a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the A-form equations and the equations of other forms describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Findings: This paper examines one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Some mathematical statements are presented which can help establish such relationship. Practical Relevance: If one knows the values of the B-form equation coefficients, the proposed quantitative relationship between the coefficients of various forms of equations will help build equations of other forms and establish various types of dependencies between the input and output characteristics of an electric power unit, which can be replaced with a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. This technique can be used to establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- or Z-form equations and the coefficients of equations of other forms describing the state of different modifications of passive six-terminal networks.

A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

2022 ◽  
pp. 1361-1385
Author(s):  
Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Electrical Power System

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Extensive Analysis

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

scholarly journals A new approach to single-phase systems under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply using geometric algebra

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 106605
Author(s):  
Francisco G. Montoya ◽  
Raúl Baños ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Francisco M. Arrabal-Campos
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Algebra ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Phase Systems

scholarly journals Prony’S Method Used for Testing Harmonics and Interharmonics in Electrical Power Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Zygarlicki ◽  
Janusz Mroczka
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Prony's Method ◽  
Electric Power Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Prony’S Method

Abstract The article presents an application of Prony’s method with some known components in the analysis of electric power quality. Modifications of the Prony algorithm broaden the scope of method application. Modification of the filter of known components enables more accurate analysis of the parameters of unknown components and components with known or assumed frequencies. This article presents a comparison of the results of analyses conducted with the proposed algorithm for simulated and real signals and the results obtained by means of a commercial electric power quality testing device, operating in class A and using the Fourier transform. The proposed method enables to estimate the levels of the harmonic components, the frequency of the fundamental signal and real parameters of the interharmonic components, which are grouped and averaged in the contemporary monitoring equipment. Knowledge of the individual parameters of the interharmonics has considerable diagnostic importance while removing causes of incorrect operation affecting sensitive equipment in some electric power systems. Additionally, the algorithm is capable of analyzing exponentially damped components and finds its application in analysis of disturbances, for example, transient oscillations.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Daya Listrik Pada Generator Putaran Rendah Melalui Peningkatan Sifat Magnetik Magnet Permanen Bafe12o19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kevin Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Powder Characteristics ◽  
Constituent Elements

AbstrakGenerator adalah suatu alat atau sistem yang dapat mengubah tenaga mekanis menjadi tenaga listrik dan menghasilkan tenaga listrik bolak-balik atau tenaga listrik searah tergantung pada tipe generator. Umumnya magnet yang digunakan pada Generator putaran rendah adalah NdFeB, yang sulit diperoleh unsur-unsur pembentuknya, maka digunakan bahan BaFe12O19 sebagai magnet alternatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh sifat magnetik tertinggi pada BaFe12O19 melalui variasi perlakuan sinter. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode sol-gel, dengan pengujian karakteristik serbuk yaitu permagraph,XRD dan SEM. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu pada temperatur sinter 750ºC, 800ºC dan 850ºC, masing-masing dilakukan selama 8,10,12 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk menghasilkan daya listrik yang tinggi pada generator dapat digunakan BaFe12O19 dengan rasio mol              Ba:Fe = 1:12 dengan kondisi temperatur sinter 850°C dan waktu sinter 12 jam. Pada kondisi tersebut dihasilkan energi magnetik terbesar (89,019 T.kA/m) dan serbuk dalam kondisi fasa tunggal (100% BaFe12O19).Kata kunci: Generator, Magnet Permanen, Metode Sol-Gel, BaFe12O19Abstract A generator is a device or system that can convert mechanical power into electric power and produce alternating electric power or electric power in the direction of the type of generator. Generally the magnet used in the low speed generator is NdFeB, which is difficult to obtain by its constituent elements, so BaFe12O19 is used as an alternative magnet. The purpose of this study was to obtain the highest magnetic properties on BaFe12O19 through variations of sintered treatment. The methodology used in this study is using the Sol-Gel Method, by testing powder characteristics, namely Permagraph, XRD and SEM. The parameters used were sintered temperatures of 750ºC, 800ºC and 850ºC, each carried out for 8,10.12 hours. The results showed that BaFe12O19 with a high mol ratio Ba: Fe = 1:12 to produce high electrical power at the generator with conditions sintered 850 ° C and sintered time 12 hours. In this condition, the largest magnetic energy (89,019 T.kA / m) and powder were produced under single phase conditions (100% BaFe12O19).Keywords: Generator, Permanent Magnet, Sol-Gel Method, BaFe12O19

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