scholarly journals On the Normalization of Interval Data

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Regivan Santiago ◽  
Flaulles Bergamaschi ◽  
Humberto Bustince ◽  
Graçaliz Dimuro ◽  
Tiago Asmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interval Arithmetic ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interval Computations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Usual Process ◽  
Current Paradigm

The impreciseness of numeric input data can be expressed by intervals. On the other hand, the normalization of numeric data is a usual process in many applications. How do we match the normalization with impreciseness on numeric data? A straightforward answer is that it is enough to apply a correct interval arithmetic, since the normalized exact value will be enclosed in the resulting “normalized” interval. This paper shows that this approach is not enough since the resulting “normalized” interval can be even wider than the input intervals. So, we propose a pair of axioms that must be satisfied by an interval arithmetic in order to be applied in the normalization of intervals. We show how some known interval arithmetics behave with respect to these axioms. The paper ends with a discussion about the current paradigm of interval computations.

Deriving lumped parameters for DGR safety assessment by 3D transport model postprocessing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Hokr ◽  
Jiří Landa
Keyword(s):  
Breakthrough Curve ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lumped Parameter

<p>The safety assessment (SA) of the spent nuclear fuel repository is often based on lumped-parameter models (LPM) of radionuclide transport between the source term and the biosphere (under various terminology like a compartment model, or a channel model). It profits e.g. from computational efficiency when used with stochastic data. Useful property of LPM is intuitively clear influence of most of its parameters, in terms of “the larger/smaller the better”. On the other hand, some parameters are not clearly defined and their values depend on expert choice.</p><p>Gradual improvements of computing hardware and simulation software also allow using physically-based models on real geometry for SA application. Migration of radionuclides is simulated by means of groundwater flow and advective-dispersive transport with linear sorption on the input (hydro)geological configuration of site. Defining a LPM based on the 3D transport input data and results, it actually represents a model upscaling method and can keep the LPM advantages with avoided compromises of their input data definition.</p><p>As the LPM, we consider a generic 1D channel with analytical advection-diffusion-sorption solution, in particular implemented in GoldSim software as “Pipe” object. The 3D flow and transport are solved with Flow123d simulation code (open-source developed at author’s institute), but the presented principles are theoretically applicable to any finite-element or finite-difference code.</p><p>We derived a procedure of integral processing of 3D model velocity field and trajectories and the fictitious pulse or step input breakthrough curve between the repository and the output to the biosphere. Four tracers have been used at the same time: non-sorbing, less/more sorbing, and decaying. The relevance of estimation was verified by optimization of the LPM parameters to the best fit between the 3D model and the LPM for all kinds of tracers. The optimization decrease the fit criterion by a small factor, but graphically, all three curves (3D transport, postprocessed LPM, and optimized LPM) are similar.</p><p>The resulting data (path length, cross-section, flow rate, travel time, dilution factor, etc.) are obtained with little computing cost compared to the optimization. With a reasonable precision, they can serve for quick comparison of candidate sites, without explicitly running the 3D model or the lumped-parameter model with full source term temporal evolution. On the other hand, some of the parameters are questionable whether physical realistic, which is a consequence of possible model oversimplification. Therefore, other LPM configurations with more blocks representing the real conceptual path segments are evaluated – two serial, three serial and two serial couples in parallel. Due to more constraints, the breakthrough curve fit between LPM and 3D is little worse but with important advantage of physically realistic parameters.</p><p>The method was demonstrated on hydrogeological configuration of 9 anonymized (and with partly synthetic features) candidate sites in Czechia.</p><p>The project leading to this result has received funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement No 847593. Computational resources were supplied by the project “e-Infrastruktura CZ” (e-INFRA LM2018140).</p>

Calibration of laser welding model based on optimization techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Iveta Petrasova ◽  
Václav Kotlan ◽  
Lenka Šroubová ◽  
Pavel Karban ◽  
Ivo Doležel
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Material Characteristics

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the calibration of a laser welding model suitable for solving problems with input data that are either unknown or known only approximately. Design/methodology/approach The calibration starts from the measured temperature profile of the weld, and the aim is to get a similar profile by the solution of the model. The corresponding procedure is based on replacing the material characteristics that are known only approximately by polynomial or rational functions whose coefficients are determined using a suitable optimization process. The algorithm is supplemented with a simplified model of the keyhole shape. Findings The big advantage of the proposed approach is the velocity of solution of the problem and low consumption of the sources (hardware and software). In comparison with solving the full model of laser welding, the methodology provides results of a still acceptable accuracy by several orders faster. On the other hand, the results also depend on the strategy of selecting the points at which the temperature is verified and on “manual” setting of the deformation parameters. Research limitations/implications Application of the methodology is conditioned by several experiments with the used material (without experiment it is impossible to carry out the calibration and set the shape of the keyhole), while the full model allows it. On the other hand, the full model is not able to predict the errors in the case when some input data is unknown or known only approximately and the results have to be also confirmed experimentally. Practical implications The presented methodology may be used for determining unknown material characteristics and faster modelling of laser welding. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel methodology for evaluation of quality of laser welds in cases of unknown or partially unknown material parameters and substantial acceleration (by 2-3 orders) of the numerical solution of the model of laser welding.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

ON THE OTHER HAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand
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