scholarly journals Homomorphic Image and Inverse Image of Weak Closure Operations on Ideals of BCK-Algebras

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Bordbar ◽  
Young Bae Jun ◽  
Seok-Zun Song
Keyword(s):  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Closure Operation ◽  
Weak Closure ◽  
Closure Operations ◽  
Epimorphic Image

We introduce the notions of meet, semi-prime, and prime weak closure operations. Using homomorphism of BCK-algebras φ : X → Y , we show that every epimorphic image of a non-zeromeet element is also non-zeromeet and, for mapping c l Y : I ( Y ) → I ( Y ) , we define a map c l Y ← on I ( X ) by A ↦ φ − 1 ( φ ( A ) c l Y ) . We prove that, if “ c l Y ” is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( Y ) , then so is “ c l Y ← ” on I ( X ) . In addition, for mapping c l X : I ( X ) → I ( X ) , we define a map c l X → on I ( Y ) as follows: B ↦ φ ( φ − 1 ( B ) c l X ) . We show that, if “ c l X ” is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( X ) , then so is “ c l X → ” on I ( Y ) .

scholarly journals A homomorphism theorem for projective planes

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Row
Keyword(s):  
Projective Plane ◽  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Projective Planes ◽  
Homomorphism Theorem ◽  
Central Collineations

We prove that a non-degenerate homomorphic image of a projective plane is determined to within isomorphism by the inverse image of any one point. An application gives conditions for the preservation of central collineations by a homomorphism.

Filtrations, closure operations and prime divisors

1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Okon ◽  
L. J. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Integral Closure ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Prime Divisors ◽  
Closure Operation ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Closure Operations

AbstractLet ƒ = {In}n ≽ 0 be a filtration on a ring R, let(In)w = {x ε R; x satisfies an equation xk + i1xk − 1 + … + ik = 0, where ij ε Inj} be the weak integral closure of In and let ƒw = {(In)w}n ≽ 0. Then it is shown that ƒ ↦ ƒw is a closure operation on the set of all filtrations ƒ of R, and if R is Noetherian, then ƒw is a semi-prime operation that satisfies the cancellation law: if ƒh ≤ (gh)w and Rad (ƒ) ⊆ Rad (h), then ƒw ≤ gw. These results are then used to show that if R and ƒ are Noetherian, then the sets Ass (R/(In)w) are equal for all large n. Then these results are abstracted, and it is shown that if I ↦ Ix is a closure (resp.. semi-prime, prime) operation on the set of ideals I of R, then ƒ ↦ ƒx = {(In)x}n ≤ 0 is a closure (resp., semi-prime, prime) operation on the set of filtrations ƒ of R. In particular, if Δ is a multiplicatively closed set of finitely generated non-zero ideals of R and (In)Δ = ∪KεΔ(In, K: K), then ƒ ↦ ƒΔ is a semi-prime operation that satisfies a cancellation law, and if R and ƒ are Noetherian, then the sets Ass (R/(In)Δ) are quite well behaved.

scholarly journals Weak Essential Fuzzy Submodules Of Fuzzy Modules

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Hassan K. Marhon ◽  
Hatam Y. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Inverse Image

        Throughout this paper, we introduce the notion of weak essential F-submodules of F-modules as a generalization of  weak essential submodules. Also we study the homomorphic image and inverse image of weak essential F-submodules.

scholarly journals Closure operations for Schunck classes

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Closure Operation ◽  
Soluble Groups ◽  
Primitive Groups ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Closure Operations ◽  
Schunck Class

In his Canberra lectures on finite soluble groups, [3], Gaschütz observed that a Schunck class (sometimes called a saturated homomorph) is {Q, Eφ, D0}-closed but not necessarily R0closed(*). In Problem 7·8 of the notes he then asks whether every {Q, Eφ, D0}-closed class is a Schunck class. We show below with an example † that this is not the case, and then we construct a closure operation R0 satisfying Do < ro < Ro such that is a Schunck class if and only if = {QEφ, Ro}. In what follows the class of finite soluble groups is universal. Let B denote the class of primitive groups. We recall that a Schunck class is one which satisfies: (a) = Q, and (b) contains all groups G such that Q(G) ∩ B ⊆.

scholarly journals A note on complex fuzzy subfield

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Muhammad Gulzar ◽  
Fareeha Dilawar ◽  
Dilshad Alghazzawi ◽  
M. Haris Mateen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Inverse Image

In this paper, we introduce idea of complex fuzzy subfield and discuss its various algebraic aspects. We prove that every complex fuzzy subfield generate two fuzzy fields and shows that intersection of two complex fuzzy subfields is also complex fuzzy subfields. We also present the concept of level subsets of complex fuzzy subfield and shows that level subset of complex fuzzy subfield form subfield.  Furthermore, we extend this idea to define the notion of the direct product of two complex fuzzy subfields and also investigate the homomorphic image and inverse image of complex fuzzy subfield.

scholarly journals CUBIC Z-SUBALGEBRAS IN Z-ALGEBRAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
S. Sowmiya ◽  
P. Jeyalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Cartesian Product ◽  
Inverse Image

Abstract In this article, the notions of Cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is introduced and some of their properties are investigated. The Z-homomorphic image and inverse image of cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is investigated. Also, the cartesian product of cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is also discussed.

scholarly journals Primeness of Relative Annihilators in BCK-Algebra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Bordbar ◽  
G. Muhiuddin ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Closed Ideal ◽  
Closure Operation ◽  
Prime Decomposition ◽  
Prime Factors ◽  
Minimal Prime

Conditions that are necessary for the relative annihilator in lower B C K -semilattices to be a prime ideal are discussed. Given the minimal prime decomposition of an ideal A, a condition for any prime ideal to be one of the minimal prime factors of A is provided. Homomorphic image and pre-image of the minimal prime decomposition of an ideal are considered. Using a semi-prime closure operation “ c l ”, we show that every minimal prime factor of a c l -closed ideal A is also c l -closed.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

scholarly journals L-fuzzy ideals and L-fuzzy subalgebras of Novikov algebras

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Liangyun Chen ◽  
Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Quotient Algebra ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Novikov Algebras ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal

Abstract In this paper, we apply the concept of fuzzy sets to Novikov algebras, and introduce the concepts of L-fuzzy ideals and L-fuzzy subalgebras. We get a sufficient and neccessary condition such that an L-fuzzy subspace is an L-fuzzy ideal. Moreover, we show that the quotient algebra A/μ of the L-fuzzy ideal μ is isomorphic to the algebra A/Aμ of the non-fuzzy ideal Aμ. Finally, we discuss the algebraic properties of surjective homomorphic image and preimage of an L-fuzzy ideal.

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