scholarly journals Inframarginal Model Analysis of the Evolution of Agricultural Division of Labor

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Jiang ◽  
Jen-Mei Chang ◽  
Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Marginal Model ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Transaction Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Labor Structure ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Division of labor plays a critical role in many parts of agriculture. For example, a specialized division of labor can lead to the improvement of labor productivity, the reduction of production costs, and the innovation of production technology and organization. At the heart of agricultural management is how the comparative advantages of farmers impact their production decision-making behavior, and, consequently, influence the division of labor structure. In this paper, we apply an infra-marginal model to interpret the selection logic of heterogeneous farmers’ specialized production with exogenous comparative technical advantages and transaction costs. Solving the nonlinear programming problem of the utility function within each respective labor structure leads to a corner equilibrium. Under reasonable assumptions of the model, we reduced the number of possible production–consumption decision modes from the maximum of 64 to an optimal of 3. Through this analysis, we discovered the ranges for transaction efficiency coefficients and preference parameter under which each structure can achieve general equilibrium. Our theoretical model thereby explains the structural evolution of agricultural division of labor.

scholarly journals Analysis of e-commerce transaction system’s division of labor based on essential services quantity

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Yueting Chai ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specialized Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Transaction Efficiency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transaction Services ◽  
Economic Specialization

Purpose The division of labor of e-commerce transaction system is an important research topic. However, there is a certain disparity between the current mainstream research model and the reality, which leads to a biased result. This paper aims to find the effects of transaction efficiency on the evolution of e-commerce transaction system’s division of labor and the relationships between the results and other parameters. Design/methodology/approach This paper puts forward a definition of transaction efficiency based on transaction services and establishes a model of middleman’s specialized production decision of transaction services on this basis. Findings The research results show that the transaction efficiency plays an important role on the change of middlemen’s division of labor level. The degree of economic specialization, price of commodities and transaction services and other associated factors also affect middlemen’s division of labor. Originality/value This paper is of great significance for evaluating the development level and forecast the development direction of e-commerce.

scholarly journals Author response: Hsp70-associated chaperones have a critical role in buffering protein production costs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Farkas ◽  
Dorottya Kalapis ◽  
Zoltán Bódi ◽  
Béla Szamecz ◽  
Andreea Daraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Author Response

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RISK OF POVERTY ON SEGMENTS OF THE MARKET IN ROMANIA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Marcela Danu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

In the present work I presented the risk of poverty in Romania considering the economic and social determination. I highlighted that poverty in Romania, is a mix of economic, educational, cultural etc. factors and reinforced by the lack of family or social support. Among the most significant correlative causes of poverty are: lack of money-unemployment, low salaries, lack of money, lack of food-hunger, deprivation, misery, lack of culture, lack of housing, disease, decay, addictions, political causes, individual causes, etc. I analyzed the dynamics of the decision-making behavior of the population of Romania both as a whole and as segments of the market, in terms of age, sex, residence environment, etc. in the market acts, regarding the purchase and consumption decision. The approach and treatment of the poverty must be understand regarding to the systemic economic-social-psychologically interaction. The impact of risk of poverty on the segments of the market is reflected in the production of goods and services; increasing of this type of risk lead to diminishing and modifying the request and further lead to diminishing supply, business failure, etc.

scholarly journals Effects of Air Pollution on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yifan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose/Significance: In recent years, consumer behavior studies have shown that weather and air quality have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the different ways and causes of consumers' responses to weather conditions. However, the existing relevant research results are scattered in different disciplines and lack of summary and sorting of the research topic. By systematically reviewing the impact of air pollution on consumer decision-making, we can fully understand the change of consumer behavior caused by air pollution factors at the macro level and help enterprise managers to develop targeted marketing management strategies to avoid or reduce the impact of air quality on consumer decision-making behavior. Design/Method: This paper systematically reviews the impact of air pollution on consumers' decision-making behavior based on key keywords retrieved from major academic literature databases and search engine websites. In detail, with the framework of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model in the field of environmental psychology and based on the process perspective, the paper divides the impacts of air pollution on consumer's decision-making behavior into the change of body and mind before consumer decision-making process, change of the decision behavior in the process of consumption decision-making and consumption experience and evaluation behavior after the process of consumption decision making. Conclusion/Findings: By establishing and analyzing the thematic structure of studies on the impact of air pollution, the results show that air pollution has a wide range of impacts on consumers, ranging from health risks to mood changes and from changes in daily habits to changes in consumption behaviors of individuals and groups.

Solid Electrolyte Interfaces and Interphases in Lithium Batteries: In Situ Studies Using Nonlinear Optical Probes

2012 ◽  
Vol 1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabuddha Mukherjee ◽  
Alexei Lagutchev ◽  
Dana D Dlott
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTSolid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) regions play a critical role in stabilizing lithium batteries, but little is known about the detailed mechanism of growth and formation. We have developed a novel method for in situ study of the interfacial regions of SEI layers, using an interface-selective nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy method termed femtosecond broadband multiplex vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and a lithium battery electrochemical cell with optical access. SFG has high sensitivity and high selectivity needed to study vibrational transitions of molecular species during the SEI growth. SFG is most sensitive to interfacial regions, so with SFG we ignore the bulk electrolyte and focus on interface regions just a few molecules thick. During SEI growth there are two such interfaces, the electrode-SEI interface and the electrolyte SEI interface. We will present results obtained using a lithium battery and model materials relevant to Li batteries, where during successive cycles of charge and discharge we selectively probe the structural evolution of these two interfaces on Au, Cu and carbon.

scholarly journals Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands against SARS-CoV-2 through Targeting the Structurally Conserved Main Protease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shounak Jagdale ◽  
Sneha Bansode ◽  
S. Shiva Shankar ◽  
Meenakshi Tellis ◽  
Vaibhav Kumar Pandya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Strong Binding ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the Coronaviridae family. The disease has infected more than 1 million individuals worldwide with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10 %. It has also imposed extreme challenges on global health, economy, and social behavior. Due to the unavailability of therapeutics, several efforts are going on in the drug discovery to control the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The main protease (MPro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. To understand the structural evolution of MPro, we have performed phylogenetic and SSN analysis, that depicted divergence of Coronaviridae MPro in five clusters specific to viral hosts. This clustering was also corroborated with the structural comparison of MPro structures. Furthermore, it has been observed that backbone and binding site conformations are conserved despite variation in some of the residues. This conservation can be exploited to repurpose available viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In agreement with this, we performed screening of the custom-made library of ~ 7000 molecules including active ingredients present in the Ayurvedic anti-tussive medicines, anti-viral phytochemicals and synthetic anti-virals against SARS-CoV-2 MPro as the primary target. It has been observed that natural molecules like d-Viniferin, Myricitrin, Taiwanhomoflavone A, Lactucopicrin 15-oxalate, Nympholide A, Biorobin, Phyllaemblicin B and other several molecules show strong binding with the SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Most of the predicted lead molecules are from Vitis vinifera, also reported for anti-tussive and/or antiviral activities. These molecules also showed strong binding with other main targets RdRp and hACE-2. We anticipate that our approach for identification of multi-target-directed ligand will provide new avenues for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Hsp70-associated chaperones have a critical role in buffering protein production costs

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Farkas ◽  
Dorottya Kalapis ◽  
Zoltán Bódi ◽  
Béla Szamecz ◽  
Andreea Daraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Genomic Expression ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chaperone Network

Proteins are necessary for cellular growth. Concurrently, however, protein production has high energetic demands associated with transcription and translation. Here, we propose that activity of molecular chaperones shape protein burden, that is the fitness costs associated with expression of unneeded proteins. To test this hypothesis, we performed a genome-wide genetic interaction screen in baker's yeast. Impairment of transcription, translation, and protein folding rendered cells hypersensitive to protein burden. Specifically, deletion of specific regulators of the Hsp70-associated chaperone network increased protein burden. In agreement with expectation, temperature stress, increased mistranslation and a chemical misfolding agent all substantially enhanced protein burden. Finally, unneeded protein perturbed interactions between key components of the Hsp70-Hsp90 network involved in folding of native proteins. We conclude that specific chaperones contribute to protein burden. Our work indicates that by minimizing the damaging impact of gratuitous protein overproduction, chaperones enable tolerance to massive changes in genomic expression.

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