Process Modeling, Optimization and Cost Analysis of a Sulfur Recovery Unit by Applying Pinch Analysis on the Claus Process in a Gas Processing Plant

Muhammad Arslan Zahid; Muhammad Ahsan; Iftikhar Ahmad; Muhammad Nouman Aslam Khan

doi:10.3390/math10010088

Process Modeling, Optimization and Cost Analysis of a Sulfur Recovery Unit by Applying Pinch Analysis on the Claus Process in a Gas Processing Plant

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math10010088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Muhammad Arslan Zahid ◽

Muhammad Ahsan ◽

Iftikhar Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Nouman Aslam Khan

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Process Modeling ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Pinch Analysis ◽

Catalytic Reactor ◽

Sulfur Recovery ◽

Claus Process ◽

Gas Processing ◽

The Cost

The Claus process is one of the promising technologies for acid gas processing and sulfur recovery. Hydrogen sulfide primarily exists as a byproduct in the gas processing unit. It must be removed from natural gas. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) notices that increasing SO2 and CO2 in the air harms the environment. Sulfur generally has an elemental content of 0.1–6 wt % in crude oil, but the value could be higher than 14% for some crude oils and asphalts. It produces SO2 and CO2 gases, which damage the environment and atmosphere of the earth, called primary pollutants. When SO2 gas is reacted with water in the atmosphere, it causes sulphur and nitric acid, called a secondary pollutant. The world countries started desulphurization in 1962 to reduce the amount of sulfur in petroleum products. In this research, the Claus process was modeled in Aspen Plus software (AspenTech, Bedford, MA, USA) and industrial data validated it. The Peng–Robinson method is used for the simulation of hydrocarbon components. The influence of oxygen gas concentration, furnace temperature, the temperature of the first catalytic reactor, and temperature of the second catalytic reactor on the Claus process were studied. The first objective of the research is process modeling and simulation of a chemical process. The second objective is optimizing the process. The optimization tool in the Aspen Plus is used to obtain the best operating parameters. The optimization results show that sulfur recovery increased to 18%. Parametric analysis is studied regarding operating parameters and design parameters for increased production of sulfur. Due to pinch analysis on the Claus process, the operating cost of the heat exchangers is reduced to 40%. The third objective is the cost analysis of the process. Before optimization, it is shown that the production of sulfur recovery increased. In addition, the recovery of sulfur from hydrogen sulfide gas also increased. After optimizing the process, it is shown that the cost of heating and cooling utilities is reduced. In addition, the size of equipment is reduced. The optimization causes 2.5% of the profit on cost analysis.

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A Simulation of Claus Process Via Aspen Hysys for Sulfur Recovery

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.1515/cppm-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Walid Nabgan ◽

Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽

Bahador Nabgan ◽

Adnan Ripin ◽

Kamarizan Bin Kidam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Sulfur Removal ◽

Actual Process ◽

Sulfur Recovery ◽

Feed Composition ◽

Claus Process ◽

Aspen Hysys ◽

Recovery System ◽

Sour Gas

Abstract In refineries, due to the environmental pollutions, sulfur content in petroleum need be reduced. The incineration process is used for sulfur recovery system which is not friendly process to the environment and needs high temperature. This actual process exhaust high amount of SO2 from the incinerator stack to the environment. The Claus process is the best method to recover sulfur from acid gases that contain hydrogen sulfide. The particular reaction for sulfur removal from sour gas is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sulfur dioxide (SO2) reformation (2H2S+O2=S2+2H2O). The aim of this study is to get a simulation that is suitable for the characterization of sulfur recovery units. The experimental design for this study was collected from a petroleum refinery located in Iran. This experimental relation supports us to gather with definite consistency that is normally not available online for such process. Aspen HYSYS v8.8 software was used to simulate the Claus process by reactors and component splitters. The result shows the complete conversion of sour gas to product. The simulation protects the environmental impact by SO2 emission. This behavior can be reproduced by this HYSYS design very well. It was found that the BURNAIR feed composition and molar flow is the only factors which can affect the hydrogen sulfide conversion. The sulfur mole fraction increased only in the range of 0.94 to 0.98 by increasing N2 from 0.7 to 0.9.

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Identyfikacja kosztów pogorszenia reputacji przedsiębiorstwa z perspektywy interesariuszy

Przegląd Organizacji ◽

10.33141/po.2014.04.02 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Danuta Szwajca ◽

Alina Rydzewska ◽

Tomasz Nawrocki

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Crisis Situation ◽

Modern Economy ◽

The Cost ◽

A Company ◽

Crisis Situations

In the realities of modern economy even the best-managed company is not able to avoid threats and bad decisions, that can cause a crisis. Each crisis situation, that a company experiences, generates not only measurable economic costs, but also more difficult to assess and measure costs of a deteriorated reputation. These costs are the result of infringement of interests or failing to satisfy different stakeholders expectations. The aim of this article is an attempt to identify the cost of reputation deterioration in the context of the various interests of stakeholders groups. In the first part, the paper presents the effects of good and bad reputation, the reputation "contamination" path in a crisis situation and a cost analysis caused by it. The second part is empirical, where the identification of crisis situations measurable costs and reputation deterioration based on the examples of three selected companies was performed.

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Economic impact of the use of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462320000616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alvine Fansi ◽

Angela Ly ◽

Julie Mayrand ◽

Maggy Wassef ◽

Aldanie Rho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Quality Improvement Program ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Surgical Quality ◽

Acs Nsqip ◽

The Cost

Objectives The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP®) is a validated, risk-adjusted database for improving the quality and security of surgical care. ACS NSQIP can help participating hospitals target areas that need improvement. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature analyzing the economic impact of using NSQIP. This paper also provides an estimation of annual cost savings following the implementation of NSQIP and quality improvement (QI) activities in two hospitals in Quebec. Methods In June 2018, we searched in seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, and NHSEED for economic evaluations based on NSQIP data. Contextual NSQIP databases from two hospitals were collected and analyzed. A cost analysis was conducted from the hospital care perspective, comparing complication costs before and after 1 year of the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities. The number and the cost of complications are measured. Costs are presented in 2018 Canadian dollars. Results Out of 1,612 studies, 11 were selected. The level of overall evidence was judged to be of moderate to high quality. In general, data showed that, following the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities, a significant decrease in complications and associated costs was observed, which improved with time. In the cost analysis of contextual data, the reduction in complication costs outweighed the cost of implementing NSQIP. However, this cost analysis did not take into account the costs of QI activities. Conclusions NSQIP improves complication rates and associated costs when QI activities are implemented.

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A cost analysis to address issues of budget constraints on the implementation of the indoor residual spray programme in two districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03556-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neide Canana

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Financial Analysis ◽

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Cost Information ◽

Financial Cost ◽

Provider Perspective ◽

The Government ◽

The Cost

Abstract Background It is frequently said that funding is essential to ensure optimal results from a malaria intervention control. However, in recent years, the capacity of the government of Mozambique to sustain the operational cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is facing numerous challenges due to restrictions of the Official Development Assistance. The purpose of the study was to estimate the cost of IRS operationalization in two districts of Maputo Province (Matutuíne and Namaacha) in Mozambique. The evidence produced in this study intends to provide decision-makers with insight into where they need to pay close attention in future planning in order to operationalize IRS with the existent budget in the actual context of budget restrictions. Methods Cost information was collected retrospectively from the provider perspective, and both economic and financial costs were calculated. A “one-way” deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results The average economic costs totaled US$117,351.34, with an average economic cost per household sprayed of US$16.35, and an average economic cost per person protected of US$4.09. The average financial cost totaled US$69,174.83, with an average financial cost per household sprayed and per person protected of US$9.84 and US$2.46, respectively. Vehicle, salary, and insecticide costs were the greatest contributors to overall cost in the economic and financial analysis, corresponding to 52%, 17%, and 13% in the economic analysis and 21%, 27%, and 22% in the financial analysis, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was adapted to a range of ± (above and under) 25% change. There was an approximate change of 14% in the average economic cost when vehicle costs were decreased by 25%. In the financial analysis, the average financial cost was lowered by 7% when salary costs were decreased by 25%. Conclusions Altogether, the current cost analysis provides an impetus for the consideration of targeted IRS operationalization within the available governmental budget, by using locally-available human resources as spray operators to decrease costs and having IRS rounds be correctly timed to coincide with the build-up of vector populations.

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The cost of depression – A cost analysis from a large database

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 147 (1-3) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Katja Kleine-Budde ◽

Romina Müller ◽

Wolfram Kawohl ◽

Anke Bramesfeld ◽

Jörn Moock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Large Database ◽

The Cost

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Cost Analysis of Methylprednisolone Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100034053 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 222-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lynda S. Robson ◽

Charlene Bain ◽

Shann Beck ◽

Suzanne Guthrie ◽

Peter C. Coyte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cost Saving ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Home Care ◽

Care Program ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

The Cost

ABSTRACT:Background:Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) is the treatment of choice for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing acute exacerbation of disease symptoms and yet its cost has not been accurately determined. Determination of this cost in different settings is also pertinent to consideration of cost-saving alternatives to in-patient treatment.Methods:Cost analysis from the point of view of the health care system of IVMP treatment of MS patients receiving treatment in association with a selected Toronto teaching hospital in fiscal year 1994/95 was carried out. Costs of any concurrent treatments were excluded.Results:Total cost for 92 patients, based on a 4 dose regime, was estimated to be $78,527. The the cost per patient was $1,1181.84 for in-patients (IP), $714.64 for out-patients of the MS Clinic (OP) and $774.21 for patients whose treatment was initiated in the Clinic, but completed in the home (HC). Sensitivity analyses indicated: 1) IP treatment was in all cases more expensive than that of OP or HC; 2) the cost savings of OP vs. HC was sensitive to assumptions made regarding Clinic overhead, Clinic nursing costs and Home Care Program overhead.Conclusion:Alternatives to in-patient care must be considered carefully. In this study, both out-patient and in-home treatment were cost-saving alternatives to in-patient treatment, but large differences in the cost of hospital out-patient vs. in-home care could not be demonstrated.

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Research on the Removal Results of Hydrogen Sulfide of the Treatment of Coal Gasification Wastewater Biogas in the Anaerobic Biotrickling Filter

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2000 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 2000-2005

Author(s):

Chun Yan Xu ◽

Hong Jun Han

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Retention Time ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Inlet Flow ◽

H2s Removal ◽

Outlet Concentration ◽

Volume Load ◽

Inlet Flow Rate

The uncertainty of operating parameters hinders the practical application of the biological desulfurization. To solve this problem, this study which was conducted in room temperature, pH around seven conditions, investigated the effects of the operating parameters on the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal performance in the biotrickling filter, including inlet H2S concentration, inlet flow rate or gas retention time, inlet volume load and circulating liquid spraying flux. The results showed that, the inlet H2S concentration should be controlled within 800mg/m3, 650mg/m3, 400mg/m3, 300mg/m3 respectively while the inlet flow rate was 150L/h, 200L/h, 250L/h, 300L/h, at those conditions, the outlet H2S concentrations were lower than 8mg/m3 and the H2S removal efficiencies were more than 98%. The optimum gas retention time was 12.37s, corresponding to the inlet flow rate of 200L/h, at this time, even if the inlet H2S concentration as high as 700mg/m3, the removal efficiency could be still more than 98%, the outlet concentration of H2S was only 13.1mg/m3. The maximum inlet volume load was 130g/(m3•h), in this condition, the outlet concentration of H2S could be controlled below 12mg/m3, the removal efficiency could above 98.4%.

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