scholarly journals Carbon Materials in Electroanalysis of Preservatives: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7630
Author(s):  
Slawomir Michalkiewicz ◽  
Agata Skorupa ◽  
Magdalena Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Voltammetric Methods

Electrochemical sensors in electroanalysis are a particularly useful and relatively simple way to identify electroactive substances. Among the materials used to design sensors, there is a growing interest in different types of carbon. This is mainly due to its non-toxic properties, low cost, good electrical conductivity, wide potential range, and the possibility of using it in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The electrodes made of carbon, and especially of carbon modified with different materials, are currently most often used in the voltammetric analysis of various compounds, including preservatives. The objective of this paper is to present the characteristics and suitability of different carbon materials for the construction of working electrodes used in the voltammetric analysis. Various carbon materials were considered and briefly discussed. Their analytical application was presented on the example of the preservatives commonly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical preparations. It was shown that for the electroanalysis of preservatives, mainly carbon electrodes modified with various modifiers are used. These modifications ensure appropriate selectivity, high sensitivity, low limits of detection and quantification, as well as a wide linearity range of voltammetric methods of their identification and determination.

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Sensors: Recent Research and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Wang ◽  
Shasha Hong ◽  
Yuxi Yang ◽  
Yonghai Song ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Covalent Bonds

Background: In recent years, electrochemical sensors are widely preferred because of their high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost and easy miniaturization. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a porous crystalline polymer formed by organic units connected by covalent bonds, have been widely used in gas adsorption and separation, drug transportation, energy storage, photoelectric catalysis, electrochemistry and other aspects due to their large specific surface, excellent stability, high inherent porosity, good crystallinity as well as structural and functional controllability. The topological structure of COFs can be designed in advance, the structural units and linkage are diversified, and the structure is easy to be functionalized, which are all beneficial to their application in electrochemical sensors. Methods: The types, synthesis methods, properties of covalent organic frameworks and some examples of using covalent organic frameworks in electrochemical sensors are reviewed. Results: Due to their characteristics of a large specific surface, high porosity, orderly channel and periodically arranged π electron cloud, COFs are often used to immobilize metal nanoparticles, aptamers or other materials to achieve the purpose of building electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and good stability. Since the structure of COFs can be predicted, different organic units can build COFs with different structures and properties. Therefore, organic units with certain functional groups can be selected to build COFs with certain properties and used directly for electrochemical sensors. Conclusion: COFs have a good application prospect in electrochemical sensors.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for the Analysis of Tea Components: A Bibliometric Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Shao ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yiling Shen ◽  
Jinlei Shi ◽  
Dongqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing

Tea is a popular beverage all around the world. Tea composition, quality monitoring, and tea identification have all been the subject of extensive research due to concerns about the nutritional value and safety of tea intake. In the last 2 decades, research into tea employing electrochemical biosensing technologies has received a lot of interest. Despite the fact that electrochemical biosensing is not yet the most widely utilized approach for tea analysis, it has emerged as a promising technology due to its high sensitivity, speed, and low cost. Through bibliometric analysis, we give a systematic survey of the literature on electrochemical analysis of tea from 1994 to 2021 in this study. Electrochemical analysis in the study of tea can be split into three distinct stages, according to the bibliometric analysis. After chromatographic separation of materials, electrochemical techniques were initially used only as a detection tool. Many key components of tea, including as tea polyphenols, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and others, have electrochemical activity, and their electrochemical behavior is being investigated. High-performance electrochemical sensors have steadily become a hot research issue as materials science, particularly nanomaterials, and has progressed. This review not only highlights these processes, but also analyzes and contrasts the relevant literature. This evaluation also provides future views in this area based on the bibliometric findings.

Carbon Paste Modified Electrode as Powerful Sensor Approach Determination of Food Contaminants, Drug Ingredients, and Environmental Pollutants: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Karimi-Maleh ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi ◽  
Morteza Rezapour ◽  
Majede Bijad ◽  
Mohammad Farsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Paste Electrode

Background: Application of electrochemical sensors for analysis of food, biological and water polluting compounds helps to speed up their analysis in the real samples. Electrochemical sensors with low cost, fast response and portable ability are a better choice compared to traditional methods for analysis of electro-active compounds such as HPLC. Therefore, in recent years, many analytical scientists have suggested this type of analytical method for analysis of food, biological compounds and water pollutants. Objective: Due to low cost, easy modification and low non-faradic current, the carbon paste electrode is a suitable choice as a working electrode in the electrochemical and especially voltammetric analysis. On the other hand, modification of carbon paste electrode can improve the quality of the sensor for the analysis of electroactive compounds at nanomolar level.

scholarly journals Construction and Application of a Non-Enzyme Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensor Based on Eucalyptus Porous Carbon

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Shuisheng Wu ◽  
Nianyuan Tan ◽  
Donghui Lan ◽  
Chak-Tong Au ◽  
Bing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Long Term Stability

Natural eucalyptus biomorphic porous carbon (EPC) materials with unidirectional ordered pores have been successfully prepared by carbonization in an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the phase identification, microstructure and morphology analysis. The carbon materials were used to fabricate electrochemical sensors to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) without any assistance of enzymes because of their satisfying electrocatalytic properties. It was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with chitosan (CHIT) to fabricate a new kind of electrochemical sensor, EPC/CHIT/GCE, which showed excellent electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2. Meanwhile, EPC could also promote electron transfer with the help of hydroquinone. The simple and low-cost electrochemical sensor exhibited high sensitivity, and good operational and long-term stability.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Markers on Tumor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8184
Author(s):  
Han Zhou ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Zhenguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Tumor Cell Detection ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

In recent years, the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have inspired the development of accurate and rapid early diagnosis methods in order to successfully cure cancer; however, conventional methods used for detecting tumor cells, including histopathological and immunological methods, often involve complex operation processes, high analytical costs, and high false positive rates, in addition to requiring experienced personnel. With the rapid emergence of sensing techniques, electrochemical cytosensors have attracted wide attention in the field of tumor cell detection because of their advantages, such as their high sensitivity, simple equipment, and low cost. These cytosensors are not only able to differentiate tumor cells from normal cells, but can also allow targeted protein detection of tumor cells. In this review, the research achievements of various electrochemical cytosensors for tumor cell detection reported in the past five years are reviewed, including the structures, detection ranges, and detection limits of the cytosensors. Certain trends and prospects related to the electrochemical cytosensors are also discussed.

scholarly journals Bio- and Biomimetic Receptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metal Ions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6800
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Stortini ◽  
Maria Antonietta Baldo ◽  
Giulia Moro ◽  
Federico Polo ◽  
Ligia Maria Moretto
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Analytical Tools

Heavy metals ions (HMI), if not properly handled, used and disposed, are a hazard for the ecosystem and pose serious risks for human health. They are counted among the most common environmental pollutants, mainly originating from anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural, industrial and/or domestic effluents, atmospheric emissions, etc. To face this issue, it is necessary not only to determine the origin, distribution and the concentration of HMI but also to rapidly (possibly in real-time) monitor their concentration levels in situ. Therefore, portable, low-cost and high performing analytical tools are urgently needed. Even though in the last decades many analytical tools and methodologies have been designed to this aim, there are still several open challenges. Compared with the traditional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or UV–VIS detectors, bio- and biomimetic electrochemical sensors provide high sensitivity, selectivity and rapid responses within portable and user-friendly devices. In this review, the advances in HMI sensing in the last five years (2016–2020) are addressed. Key examples of bio and biomimetic electrochemical, impedimetric and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+, Zn2+ and Tl+ are described and discussed.

Graphene in plastic packages: A low cost construction method for resistive chemical sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpa Kona ◽  
Cindy K Harnett
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Plastic Packages ◽  
Surface Adsorbates ◽  
Gas Molecules

ABSTRACTThe discovery of carbon nanotubes and subsequently graphene has led to an interest in carbon materials as sensing elements due to their unique properties. Graphene is a 2-dimensional material that has a large surface area (~2630 m2g-1) that can be exposed to surface adsorbates from a target gas. This enables studies on the interaction of gas molecules with the graphene surface and resulting changes in its properties, making graphene an excellent sensing element. We present our graphene based sensor with the focus on designing small, cost effective and reliable sensors with high sensitivity towards the target gas, detailing the assembly of graphene/acrylic based devices, their characterization and investigation of their performance as resistive chemical sensors

Development and Validation of an Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Method for the Quantification of Cefepime Hydrochloride in Powder for Injectable Solution Using Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Danilo F. Rodrigues ◽  
Hérida R.N. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Injectable Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: A simple, eco-friendly and low-cost Infrared (IR) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Cefepime Hydrochloride (CEF) in injectable formulation. Different from some other methods, which employ organic solvents in the analyses, this technique does not use these types of solvents, removing large impacts on the environment and risks to operators. Objective: This study aimed at developing and validating a green analytical method using IR spectroscopy for the determination of CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the quantification of CEF was performed in the spectral region absorbed at 1815-1745 cm-1 (stretching of the carbonyl group of β- lactam ring). Results: The validated method showed to be linear (r = 0.9999) in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mg/pellet of potassium bromide, as well as for the parameters of selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness and Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ), being able to quantify the CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. The CEF content obtained by the IR method was 103.86%. Conclusion: Thus, the method developed may be an alternative in the quality control of CEF sample in lyophilized powder for injectable solution, as it presented important characteristics in the determination of the pharmaceutical products, with low analysis time and a decrease in the generation of toxic wastes to the environment.

scholarly journals Deployment, Calibration, and Cross-Validation of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors for Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone for an Epidemiological Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Christopher Zuidema ◽  
Cooper S. Schumacher ◽  
Elena Austin ◽  
Graeme Carvlin ◽  
Timothy V. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Study Participants

We designed and built a network of monitors for ambient air pollution equipped with low-cost gas sensors to be used to supplement regulatory agency monitoring for exposure assessment within a large epidemiological study. This paper describes the development of a series of hourly and daily field calibration models for Alphasense sensors for carbon monoxide (CO; CO-B4), nitric oxide (NO; NO-B4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2; NO2-B43F), and oxidizing gases (OX-B431)—which refers to ozone (O3) and NO2. The monitor network was deployed in the Puget Sound region of Washington, USA, from May 2017 to March 2019. Monitors were rotated throughout the region, including at two Puget Sound Clean Air Agency monitoring sites for calibration purposes, and over 100 residences, including the homes of epidemiological study participants, with the goal of improving long-term pollutant exposure predictions at participant locations. Calibration models improved when accounting for individual sensor performance, ambient temperature and humidity, and concentrations of co-pollutants as measured by other low-cost sensors in the monitors. Predictions from the final daily models for CO and NO performed the best considering agreement with regulatory monitors in cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) and R2 measures (CO: RMSE = 18 ppb, R2 = 0.97; NO: RMSE = 2 ppb, R2 = 0.97). Performance measures for NO2 and O3 were somewhat lower (NO2: RMSE = 3 ppb, R2 = 0.79; O3: RMSE = 4 ppb, R2 = 0.81). These high levels of calibration performance add confidence that low-cost sensor measurements collected at the homes of epidemiological study participants can be integrated into spatiotemporal models of pollutant concentrations, improving exposure assessment for epidemiological inference.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

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