scholarly journals Evolution of Chemical Composition and Modeling of Growth Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel Containing Yttrium

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7113
Author(s):  
Dorota Kalisz ◽  
Paweł L. Żak ◽  
Sergey Semiryagin ◽  
Sergey Gerasin
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Complex Oxide ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Sulfide Phase ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Model C ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

The programs WYK_Stal and Bi-Growth, developed at AGH-UST, Kraków, Poland, were used for simulating the refining process, the formation of non-metallic inclusions, and their growth. The Fe-Y-Al-O-S-Ca system in pre-oxidized steel was analyzed, where yttrium formed precipitates from both O and S. When first Al and second Y were added to steel, the proportion of Al2O3 inclusions remained constant. This resulted in higher yttrium losses for oxide formation, whereas the sulfur content promoted sulfide phase formation. The introduction of yttrium at the end of refining contributed to reducing the consumption of this element in the non-metallic phase formation. The addition of aluminum and then calcium were sufficient to achieve a high degree of deoxidation and desulfurization. Calculations performed with WYK_Stal for both (a) and (c) versions of the model showed that the sulfide phase was constituted by CaS and FeS (model c) and CaS (model (a)). The participation of the calcium sulfide phase turned out to be dominant in the inclusions. Their presence was also identified in the slag phase. Simulations of the growth of complex oxide and oxo-sulfide inclusions using the Bi_Growth program showed that the yttrium content of the steel has a decisive role in the formation of complex oxide inclusions and the final oxygen content of the steel. In contrast, for the growth of oxide-sulfide inclusions, the character of growth is determined by the sulfur content of steel.

scholarly journals A tool for finding inclusion clusters in steel SEM specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Anna-Mari Wartiainen ◽  
Markus Harju ◽  
Satu Tamminen ◽  
Leena Määttä ◽  
Tuomas Alatarvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Quality Prediction ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
Automatic Interpretation ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

AbstractNon-metallic inclusions, especially large or clustered inclusions, in steel are usually harmful. Thus, the microscopic analysis of test specimens is an important part of the quality control. This steel purity analysis produces a large amount of individual inclusion information for each test specimen. The interpretation of the results is laborious and the comparison of larger product groups practically impossible. The purpose of this study was to develop an easy-to-use tool for automatic interpretation of the SEM analysis to differentiate clustered and large inclusions information from the manifold individual inclusion information. Because of the large variety of the potential users, the tool needs to be applicable for any steel grade and application, both for liquid and final product specimen, to analyse automatically steel specimen inclusions, especially inclusion clusters, based on the INCA Feature program produced data from SEM/EDS. The developed tool can be used to improve the controlling of the steel purity or for automatic production of new inclusion cluster features that can be utilised further in quality prediction models, for example.

scholarly journals Catalytic oxidation of toluene by ozone in the system "acetic anhydride–strong acid"

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
E.V. Potapenko ◽  
◽  
P.Y. Andreev ◽  
I.P. Isayenko ◽  
N.S. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Strong Acids

The process of catalytic oxidation of toluene by ozone in the solution of a mixture "acetic anhydride–a strong acid" has been studied in the presence of compounds of transition metals. It is shown that the main oxidation products in the system Mn(Ac)2–(СН3СО)2О–Н2SO4 at 200C are benzylacetate and benzylidene diacetate with the yields of 39% and 29%, respectively. In the system Со(Ac)2–(СН3СО)2О–НА, the reaction is accompanied mainly by the formation of benzylidene diacetate (68.0%) and the yield of benzylacetate does not exceed 4.0%. The kinetic parameters of the main stages of the catalytic cycle were investigated. It was found that strong acids play a decisive role in increasing the activity of oxidized forms of the metal. Under the conditions of activation by strong acids, the reaction of methylbenzene with Me3+ occurs with a high degree of substrate conversion. It was found that the reduction of Me3+ in the reaction with the solvent becomes noticeable, along with the oxidation of toluene, with increasing the concentration of strong acids. It was stated that the selective oxidation of toluene under catalysis is initiated by the reaction with an oxidized form of the metal formed by the interaction of ozone with the catalyst.

scholarly journals СТРАТЕГИЯ 3WIN УСТОЙЧИВОЙ КООПЕРАЦИИ ИТ-ИНДУСТРИИ И УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ: R&D СТАРТ-АП ШКОЛЫ

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Михаил Викторович Лобачев ◽  
Светлана Григорьевна Антощук ◽  
Вячеслав Сергеевич Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Model ◽  
Student Body ◽  
The Road ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Model C ◽  
High Degree

A 3Win strategy for establishing a sustainable model of collaboration between the industry and universities is developed. Primary objectives of the work are outlined and are focused on the establishment of a model of sustainable collaboration between the industry, academic and research societies and student teams. This allows us to resolve the issue of preparing well qualified IT specialists in the necessary fields in collaboration with foreign partners and teams. This also presents the opportunity of development and research, targeted at the end consumer, by creating working prototypes or products. The sustainability of such a collaboration model supplements and is maintained by the long-term integration of mutual interests of the parties participating in the process. The analysis of the viability of this model is carried out on the basis of operation of R&D Start-up School. The definition of the 3Win strategy is established, as an interaction model, based on which each of the participating parties (the university, the company and the student body) receives their own personal benefits and achieves their own goals. In addition, this is a synergic model – where the cooperation of the participants results in a much more effective outcome, than individual efforts of each of the participants separately. The model, which is described as the 3Win strategy, in a way can be classified as a synthetic model, that incorporates the benefits of a number of other models developed previously. A1 – a department within the university as an incubator for developers, A2 – a department within the university as a center for certification support, Model B – a department within the university acting as a center for collaborative research and development and finally Model C – a department within the university as a business incubator. Simultaneously, this is a new class within the models of higher calibre, due to the fact that it facilitates a high degree of stability for the collaboration. The implementation of the model within the scope of international multi-university collaboration is described, along with its benefits. Examples of interaction between various components of the models based on existing cases are provided and the approaches for the 3Win strategy between the industry, universities and student body are described. The road-maps for further development of the aforementioned approaches are established

Medium-Carbon Free-Cutting Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
A.V. Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Aluminium Nitride ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the formation processes of boron nitride, aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide and manganese sulphide inclusions in a free-cutting steel. Fact Sage software was used to model the behaviour of non-metallic inclusions. Formation temperatures and the amount of key inclusions in steel were calculated. Formation order of inclusions is as follows: aluminium oxide > boron nitride > manganese sulphide > aluminium nitride. The object of study was the A45AR grade steel in 1.1–1.2 kg ingots. It was melted in an induction furnace, and aluminium, nitrided ferrosilicon and ferroboron were added after deoxidation before tapping. Quality estimation included chemical composition, macro-and microstructure, the character and shape of non-metallic inclusions. The finished metal contained fine and uniformly distributed inclusions of boron nitride. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of boron nitrides distribution in metal matrix showed that they were present both as individual and complex compounds, mostly of spherical shape. The size of BN inclusions varied from 0.18 to 6.52 μm. The amount of boron added to steel did not affect the size of MnS non-metallic inclusions.

Prediction of non-metallic inclusions in steel wires for tire reinforcement by means of machine learning algorithms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cuartas ◽  
Estela Ruiz ◽  
Diego Ferreño ◽  
Jesús Setién ◽  
Valentín Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel

Non-metallic inclusions in steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusions In Steel
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document