scholarly journals Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms—Applications in Dental Medicine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6994
Author(s):  
Alina-Maria Holban ◽  
Catalina Farcasiu ◽  
Oana-Cella Andrei ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu ◽  
Alexandru-Titus Farcasiu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Attachment Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Attachment ◽  
Made In

Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties. Dental medicine has benefited from the design of such materials and coatings in providing patients with tailored implants and improved materials for restorative and functional use. Such materials and coatings allow for better acceptance by the host body, promote successful implantation and determine a reduced inflammatory response after contact with the materials. Since numerous dental pathologies are influenced by the presence and activity of some pathogenic microorganisms, novel materials are needed to overcome this challenge as well. This paper aimed to reveal and discuss the most recent and innovative progress made in the field of materials surface modification in terms of microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation, with a direct impact on dental medicine.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

scholarly journals Recent progress in materials development for CO2 conversion: issues and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Ghosh ◽  
Arindam Modak ◽  
Arnab Samanta ◽  
Kanika Kole ◽  
Subhra Jana
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Materials Development

A comprehensive and critical in-depth discussion on the development and prospect of several advanced materials for conversion of CO2 to value added chemicals is provided, together with their current status, technical feasibility and future opportunities.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Tsiotsias ◽  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Ioannis V. Yentekakis ◽  
Maria A. Goula
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Low Dispersion ◽  
Made In

CO2 methanation has recently emerged as a process that targets the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, via the conversion of CO2 captured from point and mobile sources, as well as H2 produced from renewables into CH4. Ni, among the early transition metals, as well as Ru and Rh, among the noble metals, have been known to be among the most active methanation catalysts, with Ni being favoured due to its low cost and high natural abundance. However, insufficient low-temperature activity, low dispersion and reducibility, as well as nanoparticle sintering are some of the main drawbacks when using Ni-based catalysts. Such problems can be partly overcome via the introduction of a second transition metal (e.g., Fe, Co) or a noble metal (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Re) in Ni-based catalysts. Through Ni-M alloy formation, or the intricate synergy between two adjacent metallic phases, new high-performing and low-cost methanation catalysts can be obtained. This review summarizes and critically discusses recent progress made in the field of bimetallic Ni-M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re)-based catalyst development for the CO2 methanation reaction.

scholarly journals Impact of exogenous metal ions on peri-implant bone metabolism: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 13152-13163
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wen-qing Zhu ◽  
Jing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Intense Research

The development of effective methods to promote the osseointegration of dental implants by surface modification is an area of intense research in dental materials science.

scholarly journals Superhydrophobic Nanocoatings as Intervention against Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Infections

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Yinghan Chan ◽  
Xun Hui Wu ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Yoon Yee Then
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Microbial Attachment

Biofilm formation represents a significant cause of concern as it has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing a huge burden on public healthcare system throughout the world. As biofilms are usually resistant to various conventional antimicrobial interventions, they may result in severe and persistent infections, which necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-based infections. Physicochemical modification of the biomaterials utilized in medical devices to mitigate initial microbial attachment has been proposed as a promising strategy in combating polymicrobial infections, as the adhesion of microorganisms is typically the first step for the formation of biofilms. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces have been shown to possess substantial anti-biofilm properties attributed to the presence of nanostructures. In this article, we provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and their composition, as well as the applications of nanomaterials as superhydrophobic nanocoatings for the development of novel anti-biofilm therapies.

scholarly journals Silver-Derived Antimicrobial Coatings for the Prevention of Microbial Biofilms in Metal Pipes

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vela-Cano ◽  
C. Garcia-Fontana ◽  
F. Osorio ◽  
A. González-Martinez ◽  
J. González-López
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Silver Zeolite ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

AbstractBiodeterioration is one of the most important processes in metal pipeline corrosion, and it can be due to physical, chemical, and biological factors. Coatings rich in silver have been used to inhibit this undesirable phenomenon. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of several silver-containing products used as a coating in pipelines were determined on a pilot scale in order to evaluate the ability of silver to inhibit biofilm formation. The results showed that the coating with silver zeolite at a concentration of 2000 mg L–1 inhibited the formation of a microbial biofilm and prevented the biodeterioration process. Therefore, from our study, it can be concluded that silver zeolite shows greater protection capacity than other silver preparations and presents advantages in relation to other silver coatings that are currently available

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Development of Nano-Sculpted Films by Magnetron Sputtering for Energy-Related Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Panepinto ◽  
Rony Snyders
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Made In

In this paper, we overview the recent progress we made in the magnetron sputtering-based developments of nano-sculpted thin films intended for energy-related applications such as energy conversion. This paper summarizes our recent experimental work often supported by simulation and theoretical results. Specifically, the development of a new generation of nano-sculpted photo-anodes based on TiO2 for application in dye-sensitized solar cells is discussed.

scholarly journals 3D IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES: A REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pirard
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Estimation ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Made In

In recent years, impressive progress has been made in digital imaging and in particular in three dimensional visualisation and analysis of objects. This paper reviews the most recent literature on three dimensional imaging with a special attention to particulate systems analysis. After an introduction recalling some important concepts in spatial sampling and digital imaging, the paper reviews a series of techniques with a clear distinction between the surfometric and volumetric principles. The literature review is as broad as possible covering materials science as well as biology while keeping an eye on emerging technologies in optics and physics. The paper should be of interest to any scientist trying to picture particles in 3D with the best possible resolution for accurate size and shape estimation. Though techniques are adequate for nanoscopic and microscopic particles, no special size limit has been considered while compiling the review.

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