scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of the Influence of the Application of TiN, TiAlN, CrN and DLC1 Coatings on the Friction Losses in an Aviation Internal Combustion Engine Intended for the Propulsion of Ultralight Aircraft

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6839
Author(s):  
Piotr Wróblewski ◽  
Robert Rogólski
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Moment Of Resistance ◽  
Wear Coatings

Currently, there are many methods of reducing the friction losses of the main components of an internal combustion piston engine. The operating conditions of internal combustion piston engines intended for the propulsion of ultralight aircraft differ significantly from those prevailing in the case of using these engines for the propulsion of vehicles. There are many studies on the influence of selected anti-wear coatings on the friction coefficients when using various lubricants, measured via tribometers. Unfortunately, the conditions obtained in the laboratory significantly differ from those prevailing in an engine operating under external conditions. The study investigated the influence of a change in the tribological parameters of TiN, TiAlN, CrN and DLC1 anti-wear coatings on the moment of resistance to the piston movement of an aircraft engine. The operating parameters of a real engine working in an aircraft were simulated. The main focus was on the coating layers of the sliding surfaces of the piston rings and the cylinder running surface. The properties of the coatings affect the correlation of the scale of the adhesion and cohesion phenomena of the oil to the opposite planes, and this determines the nature of the changes in the moment of resistance to engine motion. As it is commonly known, with an increase in the value of the maximum pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber, the share of mixed friction in liquid friction increases, similar to the high oil temperatures occurring in aircraft engines. Therefore, there is a justified need to supplement the research in the field of analyzing the characteristics of the torque of resistance to motion for these engines, in particular in the field of the usable rotational speeds of the crankshaft. Applicable anti-wear systems based on selected coatings can significantly improve operational safety and noticeably reduce fuel consumption.

Gas Driven Micro-Cogenerator Incorporating Heat Pump: Exergetic, Economic and Environmental Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaello Possidente ◽  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Maurizio Sasso ◽  
Sergio Sibilio
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
The Moment

A natural gas-fired micro-cogenerator (MCHP) based on a reciprocating internal combustion engine that drives an electric heat pump (EHP), MCHP/EHP, has been analyzed. It allows a high degree of flexibility in terms of operating conditions, due to the possibility to use the two devices separately supplying electric and thermal (heating and cooling) energy (CCHT, Combined Cooling Heating and Power). The MCHP/EHP is a gas cooling technology that can contribute to optimize the natural gas and electricity consumptions in those countries where the HVAC systems are widespread. In particular, our interest was focused on micro-cogenerators (electric power ≤ 15 kW) at the moment available on the market, based on reciprocating internal combustion engine, that could have a great diffusion in the near future for domestic and light commercial applications. Starting by the results of an intense experimental activity an exergetic, economic and environmental analysis has been carried out to compare the proposed MCHP/EHP system to the conventional one based on separate “production”.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Michał Śmieja ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Unit ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Unit Energy Consumption

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110464
Author(s):  
Yang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ic Engine

Ether and ester fuels can work in the existing internal combustion (IC) engine with some important advantages. This work comprehensively reviews and summarizes the literatures on ether fuels represented by DME, DEE, DBE, DGM, and DMM, and ester fuels represented by DMC and biodiesel from three aspects of properties, production and engine application, so as to prove their feasibility and prospects as alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. These studies cover the effects of ether and ester fuels applied in the form of single fuel, mixed fuel, dual-fuel, and multi-fuel on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The evaluation indexes mainly include torque, power, BTE, BSFC, ignition delay, heat release rate, pressure rise rate, combustion duration, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and smoke. The results show that ethers and esters have varying degrees of impact on engine performance, combustion and emissions. They can basically improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions, but their effects on power, fuel consumption, combustion process, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions are uncertain, which is due to the coupling of operating conditions, fuel molecular structure, in-cylinder environment and application methods. By changing the injection strategy, adjusting the EGR rate, adopting a new combustion mode, adding improvers or synergizing multiple fuels, adverse effects can be avoided and the benefits of oxygenated fuel can be maximized. Finally, some challenges faced by alternative fuels and future research directions are analyzed.

Use of an Integrated Approach for Analysis and Design of Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ebel ◽  
Mark Anderson ◽  
Parth Pandya ◽  
Mat Perchanok ◽  
Nick Tiney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Performance Requirements

Abstract When developing a turbocharged internal combustion engine, the choice of turbocharger is usually based on designer experience and existing hardware. However, proper turbocharger design relies on matching the compressor and turbine performance to the engine requirements so that parameters such as boost and back pressure, compressor pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperatures meet the needs of the engine without exceeding its allowable operating envelope. Therefore, the ultimate measure of a successful turbocharger design is how well it is matched to an engine across various operating conditions. This, in turn, determines whether a new turbocharger is required, or an existing solution can be used. When existing turbocharger solutions are not viable, the engine designer is at a loss on how to define a new turbocharger that meets the desired performance requirements. A common approach in industry has been to scale the performance of an existing turbocharger (compressor and turbine maps) and take these requirements for Original Equipment Manufacturers to possibly match it with a real machine. However, the assumptions made in a basic scaling process are quite simplistic and generally not satisfactory in this situation. A better approach would be to use a validated meanline model for a compressor and turbine instead, allowing to perform an actual preliminary design of such components. Such approach allows to link the engine performance requirements in a very early stage of te component design project and it guides the designer for the design decisions, such as rotor size, variable geometry nozzles, diameter, or shroud trims and others. Therefore, a feasible solution is more likely with design less iterations. This paper describes a methodology for an integrated approach to design and analyze a turbocharged internal combustion engine using commercially available state-of-the-art 1D gas dynamics simulation tool linked to two powerful turbomachinery meanline programs. The outputs of this analysis are detailed performance data of the engine and turbocharger at different engine operating conditions. Two case studies are then presented for a 10-liter diesel truck engine. The first study demonstrates how the programs are used to evaluate an existing engine and reverse engineer an existing turbocharger based only on the available performance maps. Then a second study is done using a similar approach but redesigning a new turbocharger (based on the reverse engineered one) for an increased torque output of the same engine.

Influence of engine operating conditions on combustion parameters in a spark ignited internal combustion engine fueled with blends of methane and hydrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
German J. Amador Diaz ◽  
Juan P. Gómez Montoya ◽  
Lesme A. Corredor Martinez ◽  
Daniel B. Olsen ◽  
Adalberto Salazar Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions

scholarly journals The optimization of internal combustion engine oil change periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Davaasuren G ◽  
Gantulga G
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Negative Effect

It is vitally important for vehicle users that are to study the operating regime that may negative effect to the operation of the engine, to reduce its effect, to maintain the engine's reliability in accordance with the specific operating conditions. Quality of lubrication is one of the main factors that are improving of reliability and operational efficiency for any machinery their spare parts. So this paper presents to optimize of oil change intervals and to determine of wear rating of spare parts by content of metal particles in the internal combustion engine used oil. Дотоод шаталтат хөдөлгүүрийн тос солих хугацааг оновчлох нь Хураангуй:  Машин ашиглагчдын хувьд тухайн хөдөлгүүрийн ажиллагаанд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлэх  ашиглалтын горимыг судалж, түүний хор нөлөөг багасгах болон ашиглалтын өвөрмөц  нөхцөлд тохируулан хөдөлгүүрийн найдварт ажиллагааг ханган зөв, ашигтай ажиллуулах  чадвартай байх нь асар их ач холбогдолтой юм. Аливаа машин техник , тэдгээрийн агрегат,  зангилаа эд ангийн удаан эдлэхүй, найдвартай ажиллагааг хангах, ашиглалтын үр ашгийг  дээшлүүлэх гол хүчин зүйлүүдийн нэг нь тосолгооны чанар байдаг учраас дотоод шаталтат  хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосон дахь металлын агууламжыг илрүүлж, эд ангийн элэгдлийн  явцыг тодорхойлон, тос солих хугацааг оновчлох асуудлыг судалгааны хүрээнд авч үзлээ.  Түлхүүр үг: Хөдөлгүүрийн ашигласан тосны шинжилгээ, металл хольц, тосны бохирдол,  тортог, элэгдлийн элементийн хязгаар 

Model Preparation for Structural FEA on Main Components of an Internal Combustion Engine

2015 ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mihai Dogariu ◽  
Cristian Tănăsie ◽  
Anghel Chiru ◽  
Cristian-Ioan Leahu ◽  
Vlad Ștefan Stancu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Model Preparation

scholarly journals Closed-loop control of a dual-fuel engine working with different combustion modes using in-cylinder pressure feedback

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Guardiola ◽  
Benjamín Pla ◽  
Pau Bares ◽  
Alvin Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion

This work presents a closed-loop combustion control concept using in-cylinder pressure as a feedback in a dual-fuel combustion engine. At low load, reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion was used while a diffusive dual-fuel combustion was performed at higher loads. The aim of the presented controller is to maintain the indicated mean effective pressure and the combustion phasing at a target value, and to keep the maximum pressure derivative under a limit to avoid engine damage in all the combustion modes by cyclically adapting the injection settings. Various tests were performed at steady-state conditions showing good abilities to fulfil the expected operating conditions but also to reject disturbances such as intake pressure or exhaust gas recirculation variations. Finally, the proposed control strategy was tested during a load transient resulting in a combustion switching-mode and the results exhibited the closed-loop potential for controlling such combustion concept.

Effect of IC Engine Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate, and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data show that for good agreement with experimental results on the peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle, spark ignition energy and local cylinder pressure must be properly modeled. The results obtained for NO and CO showed features which are qualitatively in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multicomponent chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

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