scholarly journals Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6706
Author(s):  
Maria Tunkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Misiewicz ◽  
Pawel Sikora ◽  
Sang-Yeop Chung
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
East Prussia

This paper deals with the hygric characterization of early 20th century machine-made clay bricks, representative of great number of historical buildings in north-eastern Poland. Heritage buildings have a high potential for adaptive reuse, which is strictly connected with an urge for knowledge about the properties of these existing building envelopes. To better understand the hygric behavior of historic buildings, various experimental laboratory tests, including density, water absorption, compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance, were conducted. In order to assess the microstructural characteristics of the tested bricks, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tests were performed. These tests were conducted on clay bricks from historic buildings, as well as on those that are currently being produced, in order to identify the relationship between the materials used in the past and the replacements produced presently. This paper addresses the lack of systematic application of existing standards for evaluating the state of the conservation of historic bricks and for establishing the specifications for replacement bricks. The results of conducted study and further research will be the basis for creating a historic materials database. It would be a useful tool for selecting bricks that correspond with the historically used materials and help to maintain homogenous structure of the restored buildings.

scholarly journals Assessing the influence of self-healing capacity of lime-based mortars on brick-mortar interface strength in masonry units

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Cristina De Nardi ◽  
Antonella Cecchi ◽  
Liberato Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Interface Shear ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Materials Used

Among the materials used in constructions, self-healing ones have been widely studied, including polymers, asphalts, cement binders; nonetheless the issue of the implementations and engineering of the self-healing capacity of lime-based mortars has been seldom investigated. As a matter of fact, the aforementioned capacity in restoration of building heritage, as well as in concrete structures, would provide an interesting contribution in terms of durability of the same restoration work as well as of the building as a whole. The aim of this research is to study the influence of healing capacity on the masonry behaviour by means of shear tests. The choice to perform shear tests, with or without lateral precompression is due to the representativeness of conditions truly occurring in masonry structural elements when in service. “Triplet specimens” have been fabricated, consisting of 3 clay bricks and 2 layers of purposed-design mortar, to mimic the compositions of mortars which can be actually found in existing heritage buildings. The methodology envisages three phases: a first series of specimens, after 28 days curing in lab environment, was tested to evaluate the shear strength. Then, on a second series of samples, a damage was induced by loading them to a prescribed fraction (70%) of the shear strength, determined as above in the previous stage; samples were subsequently immersed in water for 3 months and re-tested at the end of this curing period. Results clearly show that the autogenous healing capacity is responsible of an interesting recovery of the interface shear strength. The reliability of this approach has been also investigated by comparing the experimental results with a simplified FE model.

scholarly journals Physical-ceramic characterization of clays used in the manufacture of mansory products for construction

Respuestas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrés García León ◽  
Eder Norberto Flórez Solano ◽  
Carlos Humberto Acevedo Peñaloza
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
A Company ◽  
Standard Techniques

Nowadays, in Colombia, specifically in the north-eastern, in Santander region, the process of mixing the ceramic paste used to manufacture masonry products for construction (H- 10 bricks, tiles, roof tiles, etc.) is done manually. For this reason, approximately 70% of the companies do not possess the technological tools which facilitate the prediction of the behavior of the raw material (clay). The main objective of this research is to formulate mixtures at a laboratory-level in order to verify the physical properties of ceramic raw materials used by a company which was takenas a sample. The research development was carried out through the execution of tests and laboratory analysis, taking into account the formulation of mixtures with the help of Statgraphics Centurion XV software in order to obtain combinations of raw materials according to the requirements of the current standard techniques. The results demonstrate the importance of using statistical programs for the improvement of systems and processes, predicting the behavior of raw materials as well as conducting pilot tests, taking into account the laboratory analyses in the ceramic industry. Conclusions: The results show that the mixture combinations obtained have the necessary parameters to meet the current standards such as resistance and absorption, which will optimize the economic and physical resources of the company, as well as the quality of the final product.

Emerging Techniques for the Characterization of Nano-Mechanical Properties of Integrated Circuit Components

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Randall ◽  
Rahul Premachandran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract With the growing complexity of integrated circuits (IC) comes the issue of quality control during the manufacturing process. In order to avoid late realization of design flaws which could be very expensive, the characterization of the mechanical properties of the IC components needs to be carried out in a more efficient and standardized manner. The effects of changes in the manufacturing process and materials used on the functioning and reliability of the final device also need to be addressed. Initial work on accurately determining several key mechanical properties of bonding pads, solder bumps and coatings using a combination of different methods and equipment has been summarized.

scholarly journals The orthopedic characterization of cfap298tm304 mutants validate zebrafish to faithfully model human AIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hardy Laura ◽  
Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine ◽  
Pietton Raphaël ◽  
Slimani Lotfi ◽  
Pascal-Moussellard Hugues
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation relies on the beating of motile cilia projecting in the lumen of the brain and spinal cord cavities Mutations in genes involved in cilia motility disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation and result in scoliosis-like deformities of the spine in juvenile zebrafish. However, these defects in spine alignment have not been validated with clinical criteria used to diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to describe, using orthopaedic criteria the spinal deformities of a zebrafish mutant model of AIS targeting a gene involved in cilia polarity and motility, cfap298tm304. The zebrafish mutant line cfap298tm304, exhibiting alteration of CSF flow due to defective cilia motility, was raised to the juvenile stage. The analysis of mutant animals was based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), which was conducted in a QUANTUM FX CALIPER, with a 59 µm-30 mm protocol. 63% of the cfap298tm304 zebrafish analyzed presented a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, that was evolutive during the juvenile phase, more frequent in females, with a right convexity, a rotational component and involving at least one dislocation. We confirm here that cfap298tm304 scoliotic individuals display a typical AIS phenotype, with orthopedic criteria mirroring patient’s diagnosis.

scholarly journals Analysis and characterization of materials used in heritage theatrical figurines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Chengquan Qiao ◽  
Bochao Zhong ◽  
Jiarang Zhong ◽  
Decai Gong
Keyword(s):  
Materials Used ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

scholarly journals Characterization of calcium oxide in root perforation sealer materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto ◽  
Orlando Aguirre Guedes ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves Alencar ◽  
Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Main Components ◽  
White Mineral

Root perforation represents an undesirable complication that may lead to an unfavorable prognosis. The aims of this study were to characterize and to compare the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) on the chemical composition of materials used for root perforation therapy: gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC), gray MTA+5%CaO and gray MTA+10%CaO. The last two materials were analyzed to evaluate the increase of CaO in the final sample. CaO alone was used as a standard. Eighteen polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 3 mm and 3 mm in length were prepared, filled and then transferred to a chamber with 95% relative humidity and a temperature of 37ºC. The chemical compounds (particularly CaO) and the main components were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). EDX revealed the following concentrations of CaO: gray MTA: 59.28%, white MTA: 63.09%; PC: 72.51%; gray MTA+5%CaO: 63.48% and gray MTA+10%CaO: 67.55%. The tested materials presented different concentrations of CaO. Even with an increase of 5 and 10% CaO in gray MTA, the CaO levels found in the MTA samples were lower than those found in PC.

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