scholarly journals Abrasive Wear of High-Carbon Low-Alloyed Austenite Steel: Microhardness, Microstructure and X-ray Characteristics of Worn Surface

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6159
Author(s):  
Michail Nikolaevich Brykov ◽  
Taisiia Oleksandrivna Akrytova ◽  
Michail Jurievich Osipov ◽  
Ivan Petryshynets ◽  
Viktor Puchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Deformed Layer ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Abrasion Testing ◽  
Alloyed Austenite

A high-carbon, high-silicon steel (1.21 wt% C, 2.56 wt% Mn, 1.59 wt% Si) was subjected to quenching from 900 and 1000 °C, resulting in microstructures containing 60 and 94% of retained austenite, respectively. Subsequent abrasive wear tests of quenched samples were performed using two-body abrasion and three-body abrasion testing machines. Investigations on worn surface and subsurface were carried out using SEM, XRD, and microhardness measurement. It was found that the highest microhardness of worn surface (about 1400 HV0.05) was achieved on samples quenched from 900 °C after three-body abrasion. Microhardness of samples after two-body abrasion was noticeably smaller. with a maximum of about 1200 HV0.05. This difference correlates with microstructure investigations along with XRD results. Three-body abrasion has produced a significantly deeper deformed layer; corresponding diffractograms show bigger values of the full width at half maximum parameter (FWHM) for both α and γ alone standing peaks. The obtained results are discussed in the light of possible differences in abrasive wear conditions and differing stability of retained austenite after quenching from different temperatures. It is shown that a structure of metastable austenite may be used as a detector for wear conditions, as the sensitivity of such austenite to phase transformation strongly depends on wear conditions, and even small changes in the latter lead to significant differences in the properties of the worn surface.

scholarly journals Wear and Frictional Behaviour of Metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 430-435
Author(s):  
J.G. Alotaibi ◽  
B.F. Yousif ◽  
T.F. Yusaf
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Frictional Behaviour

In the current study, wear and frictional performances of different metals are investigated under different operating parameters against stainless steel counterface under dry contact conditions. The experiments performed using block on ring machine. Microscopy was used to examine the damage features on the worn surface and categorize the wear mechanism. Thermal imager was used to understand the thermal loading in the interface during the rubbing process. The results revealed that the operating parameters influence the wear and frictional behaviour of all the metals. Brass metal exhibited better wear and frictional behaviour compared to others. Three different wear mechanisms were observed, i.e. two body abrasion (Brass), three body abrasion (Aluminium) and adhesive (Mild Steel).

On replacing three-body abrasion testing with two-body abrasion testing

Wear ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 376-377 ◽  
pp. 1859-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Budinski ◽  
Steven T. Budinski
Keyword(s):  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Abrasion Testing

TRIBOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION IN ROLLER MILL MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250065
Author(s):  
J. M. AL-SANDOOQ ◽  
B. F. YOUSIF ◽  
T. A. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Epoxy Polymers ◽  
Epoxy Material ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Agricultural Food

Roller mill is an important part of machines for preparation of agricultural food stuffs. Tribological loading is the main type of load that should be considered when investigating the design failure of roller mills or of the low quality of grinding products. In the current work a comprehensive analysis of the roller design to withstand tribological was undertaken. Three-body abrasive loading (3BA) was found to be the key element to be considered in designing the roller. High stress three-body abrasion experiments were conducted on polyester and epoxy polymers to measure the wear and frictional characteristics of the selected material, different loads, durations and sand grain sizes were tested. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to categorize the damage on the worn surface of the materials and the causes of failure. The current results are compared with the performance of mild steel results based on the literature. The results revealed that polyester had relatively poor wear performance compared to epoxy and steel especially when large sand grains were used. The wear mechanisms on the polyester surface were macro-pitting, fracture, ploughing and defragmentation; while epoxy showed micro-pitting and defragmentation. Epoxy material performance indicates that it has potential for replacing metal rollers in the milling machine.

On abrasive wear property during three-body abrasion of wood

Wear ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 255 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ohtani ◽  
Kengo Kamasaki ◽  
Chiaki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Degradation of FKM on Three-Body Abrasion under Dry Sliding: Severe Damage Led by the Particle Detention

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
Kun Qin ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Minghao Lv
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Drilling Engineering ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body

Both the high temperature and particle environment at the downhole greatly aggravate the abrasive wear and shorten the service life of the fluororubber (FKM) seal seriously in drilling engineering. At present, there is less awareness of the tribological behavior of seals in such complex working conditions. In this work, the abrasive wear performance of the thermally degraded FKM seal was tested in the form of simulating the intrusion of abrasive particles into the interface. Results show that the wear of both rubber seals and metal counterparts is exacerbated. Through the analysis of the wear scar morphology and friction coefficient, it is revealed that more abrasive caves scatter on the surface due to the mechanical degradation of the FKM. These abrasion caves reduce the tendency of particles to escape from the caves and prolong the abrasive action. Furthermore, the abrasion cave alters the particle motion from sliding to rolling, which leads to more caves generated on the surface of the hard tribo-pair. These results enhance the understanding of the abrasive wear for FKM seals and hopefully contribute to the promotion of seals used in hot abrasive particle environments.

Experimental study on two-body and three-body abrasive wear behaviour of jute-natural rubber flexible green composite

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110625
Author(s):  
Vishwas Mahesh ◽  
Vinyas Mahesh ◽  
Sharnappa Joladarashi ◽  
SM Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behaviour ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Worn Surface

The use of laboratory testing has become more significant to assess abrasion resistance in flexible reinforcement of armour and car structural components. In this study, compliant composite with constituents as woven jute fabric and natural rubber (NR) encapsulated in an NR-based B stage cured prepreg were tested for wear due to abrasion under two- and three-body conditions. Flexible composites are fabricated in three different configurations namely Jute/Rubber/Jute (JRJ), Jute/Rubber/Rubber/Jute (JRRJ) and Jute/Rubber/Jute/Rubber/Jute (JRJRJ). The present study makes use of abrasive paper with a grit size of 60 and silica sand with size 250 µm as the abrasive medium for two- and three-body abrasion tests respectively and the specific rate of wear is calculated. Though the wear trend of the composites follows a similar pattern in the case of two- and three-body wear, the mechanisms governing the wear are found to be different. The morphology of the worn surface is studied with the aid of a scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Abrasive wear study of an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) rotary seal in dry and muddy contact using a micro-abrasion tester

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Israel Farfan Cabrera ◽  
Ezequiel Alberto Gallardo Hernandez ◽  
Cesar David Resendiz Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Seal ◽  
Three Body Abrasion ◽  
Three Body

Rotary dynamic seals are widely used in machinery in order to retain fluids and to exclude external contaminants by allowing the free shaft movement. One of the most recurrent failure of seals is caused by abrasive wear under prolonged sliding contact. It is mainly produced either by partial dry running (two-body abrasion) and/or by interacting with abrasive hard fine particles, which are immersed in the fluids generating three-body abrasive wear. This work aims to study both types of abrasion using a micro-scale abrasion tester. For this, small samples were extracted from an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) lip of an actual dynamic seal. The testing was conducted in dry contact to generate two-body abrasive wear, as well as in a wet/muddy environment in order to reproduce three-body abrasion. The load was selected in order to approach the actual mean contact pressure of seals against rotary shafts. Hence, a stress relaxation test of the NBR samples was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic behavior. The wear scar morphologies and wear progression were analyzed in detail by optical microscopy, SEM analysis and optical profilometry. Finally, the experimental test was suitable to reproduce two-body and three-body abrasion on the samples since the particular wear patterns on small wear scars were obtained by short experiments.

A study on the microstructures and three–body abrasive wear behaviors of Fe–B alloy under different Fe2B boride orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-787
Author(s):  
Dawei Yi ◽  
Zhiyun Zhang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Libin Niu ◽  
Jianhong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Weight Loss ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Worn Surface

Purpose The directional solidification Fe-B alloy was prepared. The microstructures and three-body abrasive wear behaviors of directional solidification alloy were investigated. Design/methodology/approach Fe-B alloy was melted in medium frequency induction furnace. The hardness was measured on HRS-150 Rockwell-hardness tester and HXD-1000TMC tester. The wear characteristic of the alloy was examined with a block-on-ring geometry. The worn surface of the alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. Findings The wear weight loss and worn surface roughness increase with the increasing contact load in wear tests. When the worn surface is perpendicular to the boride growth direction, the highest hardness plane of the boride can resist abrasive effectively under the surrounding and supporting of the martensite matrix. Originality/value The relation between boride growth direction and wear direction will cause different boride breaking tendency and wear weight loss.

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