scholarly journals Influence of the Silica Specific Surface Area and Ionic Liquids on the Curing Characteristics and Performance of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5302
Author(s):  
Anna Sowińska-Baranowska ◽  
Magdalena Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In this work, we present the effect of silica’s specific surface area (180 m2·g−1 and 380 m2·g−1, respectively) on the crosslinking of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites, as well as their crosslink density and functional properties, such as thermal stability, damping behavior, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, and tensile properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) with a bromide anion and different cations, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmi), 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium (Bmpyr), and 1-butyl-3-methylpiperidinium (Bmpip), were used to enhance the cure characteristics of SBR compounds and the functional properties of SBR vulcanizates. It was proven that apart from the silica’s specific surface area, the filler–polymer and filler–filler physical interactions have a significant impact on the vulcanization kinetics of silica-filled SBR composites. Additionally, the performed studies have shown that ILs positively affected the dispersion of silica’s particles and reduced their ability to form agglomerates in the elastomer matrix, which enhanced the functional properties of the SBR vulcanizates.

scholarly journals Setting Relationships between Structure and Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber and Their Effect on Self-Healing Elastomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Luis E. Alonso Alonso Pastor ◽  
Karina C. Núñez Núñez Carrero ◽  
Javier Araujo-Morera ◽  
Marianella Hernández Hernández Santana ◽  
José María Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber

The use of devulcanized tire powder as an effective reinforcement in self-healing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds has been investigated for the first time in this work. For this purpose, the evolution of the microstructure of the rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs) was studied during granulation, grinding and devulcanization through an exhaustive characterization work in order to relate the final microstructure with the mechanical response of the repaired systems. Different morphologies (particle size distribution and specific surface area) obtained by cryogenic and water jet grinding processes, as well as different devulcanization techniques (thermo-mechanical, microwave, and thermo-chemical), were analyzed. The results demonstrated the key influence of the morphology of the ground tire rubber (GTR) on the obtained devulcanized products (dGTR). The predictions of the Horikx curves regarding the selectivity of the applied devulcanization processes were validated, thereby; a model of the microstructure of these materials was defined. This model made it possible to relate the morphology of GTR and dGTR with their activity as reinforcement in self-healing formulations. In this sense, higher specific surface area and percentage of free surface polymeric chains resulted in better mechanical performance and more effective healing. Such a strategy enabled an overall healing efficiency of more than 80% in terms of a real mechanical recovery (tensile strength and elongation at break), when adding 30 phr of dGTR. These results open a great opportunity to find the desired balance between the mechanical properties before and after self-repair, thus providing a high technological valorization to waste tires.

scholarly journals Influence of Silica Specific Surface Area on the Viscoelastic and Fatigue Behaviors of Silica-Filled SBR Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Hiron Raja Padmanathan ◽  
Carlos Eloy Federico ◽  
Frédéric Addiego ◽  
Robert Rommel ◽  
Ondřej Kotecký ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Hysteresis Loss ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Volume Strain

This work aimed at studying the effect of a silica specific surface area (SSA), as determined by the nitrogen adsorption method, on the viscoelastic and fatigue behaviors of silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In particular, silica fillers with an SSA of 125 m2/g, 165 m2/g, and 200 m2/g were selected. Micro-computed X-ray tomography (µCT) was utilized to analyze the 3D morphology of the fillers within an SBR matrix prior to mechanical testing. It was found with this technique that the volume density of the agglomerates drastically decreased with decreasing silica SSA, indicating an increase in the silica dispersion state. The viscoelastic behavior was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and hysteresis loss experiments. The fatigue behavior was studied by cyclic tensile loading until rupture enabled the generation of Wöhler curves. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to evaluate the volume strain upon deformation, whereas µCT was used to evaluate the volume fraction of the fatigue-induced cracks. Last, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize, in detail, crack mechanisms. The main results indicate that fatigue life increased with decreasing silica SSA, which was also accompanied by a decrease in hysteresis loss and storage modulus. SEM investigations showed that filler–matrix debonding and filler fracture were the mechanisms at the origin of crack initiation. Both the volume fraction of the cracks obtained by µCT and the volume strain acquired from the DIC increased with increasing SSA of silica. The results are discussed based on the prominent role of the filler network on the viscoelastic and fatigue damage behaviors of SBR composites.

scholarly journals Zinc Complexes with 1,3-Diketones as Activators for Sulfur Vulcanization of Styrene-Butadiene Elastomer Filled with Carbon Black

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3804
Author(s):  
Magdalena Maciejewska ◽  
Anna Sowińska ◽  
Agata Grocholewicz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Cure Characteristic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (N-ZnO) and zinc complexes with 1,3-diketones of different structures were applied instead of microsized zinc oxide (M-ZnO) to activate the sulfur vulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The influence of vulcanization activators on the cure characteristics of rubber compounds, as well as crosslink density and functional properties of SBR vulcanizates, such as tensile properties, hardness, damping behavior, thermal stability and resistance to thermo-oxidative aging was explored. Applying N-ZnO allowed to reduce the content of zinc by 40% compared to M-ZnO without detrimental influence on the cure characteristic and performance of SBR composites. The activity of zinc complexes in vulcanization seems to strongly depend on their structure, i.e., availability of zinc to react with curatives. The lower the steric hindrance of the substituents and thus the better the availability of zinc ions, the greater was the activity of the zinc complex and consequently the higher the crosslink density of the vulcanizates. Zinc complexes had no detrimental effect on the time and temperature of SBR vulcanization. Despite lower crosslink density, most vulcanizates with zinc complexes demonstrated similar or improved functional properties in comparison with SBR containing M-ZnO. Most importantly, zinc complexes allowed the content of zinc in SBR compounds to be reduced by approximately 90% compared to M-ZnO.

The Performance of Styrene Butadiene Rubber on the Engineering Properties of Asphaltic Concrete AC14

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Siti Aspalaili Mohamd Sharif ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Creep Stiffness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This study investigated the effects of adding various percentages of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) on the engineering properties and performance of asphaltic concrete. SBR was added into the mixture at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% on a mass-to-mass basis. Conventional bitumen used in this study was 80/100 PEN. The performances of SBR on the asphalt mixture properties were evaluated based on Marshall Stability, abrasion loss, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep test. Results indicated an improvement in the engineering properties and performance with the addition of SBR content. For instance, stability increased by 18.8% as the SBR content increased from 0% to 5%. Dynamic creep stiffness also increased by 46.2%. Similarly, the resilient modulus was also found to increase by approximately 84.6%.

Aramid pulp with physisorbed imidazolium ionic liquids for solvent-casted enhanced styrene-butadiene rubber composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 (36) ◽  
pp. 46693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Demétrio da Silva ◽  
Marly Maldaner Jacobi ◽  
Henri Stephan Schrekker ◽  
Sandro Campos Amico
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals Effect of graphite and common rubber plasticizers on properties and performance of ceramizable styrene–butadiene rubber-based composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 2409-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Imiela ◽  
Rafał Anyszka ◽  
Dariusz Mariusz Bieliński ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Zbigniew Pędzich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Study on Nano-Hydroxyapatite Assisted Preparing by Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Guang Bi ◽  
Xu Si Xu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation

Papers with Ca (NO3)2• 4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4as raw material, prepared by ionic liquids assisted nanoHAP, resulting hexagonal nanoHAP are crystal grain size are 10-20nm level, are smaller nanometer range ; specific surface area, the findings show that ionic liquids have the technology to promote the significance of the preparation method can provide a reference for large-scale preparation of biomedical nanomaterials.

Morphology and performance of styrene butadiene rubber filled with modified graphite nanoplatelet and carbon black

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhong Chen ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
Yuanfang Luo ◽  
Demin Jia ◽  
Lan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Effect of Crosslink Density and Mechanical Properties on the Wear of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Uchiyama ◽  
Tomoaki Iwai ◽  
Naoya Amino ◽  
Kiichiro Shimosaka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In this study the effects of silica size (or specific surface area), mechanical properties and crosslink density on the wear of silica-filled SBRs (styrene butadiene rubbers) were examined. The modulus of each silica-filled SBR examined was proportional to crosslink density. The wear rate of silica-filled SBRs was reduced as the modulus and crosslink density increased. The wear rates increased as the specific surface area of the silica fill particles decreased, when the content of silane coupling agent was constant. As a result, the wear rate was shown to be lower as the modulus and crosslink density increased.

Factors Affecting the Design and Performance of Upflow Anaerobic Filters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Performance

Anaerobic filters have been used for almost twenty years to treat a variety of industrial wastes, yet until recently little was known about the factors affecting their design and performance. Tests with laboratory and full-scale plants operated under a variety of conditions have identified hydraulic retention time as the most important design and performance parameter. Influent waste strength and reactor height have essentially no effect on treatment efficiency when operating at a given hydraulic retention time. Media specific surface area and the orientation of the media seem to have a minor effect on performance but the benefit generally is not sufficient to justify increasing the specific surface area beyond about 100 m2/m3. Effluent recycle provides only a small improvement in treatment efficiency but may be beneficial to reduce the need for adding chemicals for pH control. A performance model is presented that can be used for obtaining approximate reactor sizes.

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