scholarly journals Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Underwater Friction Stir Welding of Low Carbon Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4953
Author(s):  
Shabbir Memon ◽  
Jacek Tomków ◽  
Hesamoddin Aghajani Derazkola
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Underwater Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Simulation Results

This article investigates the flow of materials and weld formation during underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) of low carbon steel. A thermo-mechanical model is used to understand the relation between frictional heat phenomena during the welding and weld properties. To better understand the effects of the water environment, the simulation and experimental results were compared with the sample prepared by the traditional friction stir welding (FSW) method. Simulation results from surface heat diffusion indicate a smaller preheated area in front of the FSW tool declined the total generated heat in the UFSWed case compared to the FSWed sample. The simulation results revealed that the strain rate of steel in the stir zone (SZ) of the FSWed joint is higher than in the UFSWed case. The microstructure of the welded sample shows that SZ’s microstructure at the UFSWed case is more refined than the FSWed case due to the higher cooling rate of the water environment. Due to obtained results, the maximum temperatures of FSWed and UFSWed cases were 1228 °C and 1008 °C. Meanwhile, the simulation results show 1200 °C and 970 °C for conventional and underwater FSW samples, respectively. The maximum material velocity in SZ predicted 0.40 m/s and 0.32 m/s for FSW and underwater FSWed samples. The better condition in the UFSW case caused the ultimate tensile strength of welded sample to increase ~20% compared to the FSW joint.

scholarly journals Development of friction stir welding technology of low-carbon steel plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 1546 ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
I K Chenykh ◽  
E V Vasil’ev ◽  
A N Abakumov ◽  
N V Zakharova ◽  
K A Sinogina
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Technology

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Pure Aluminum to Low Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Abd Elnabi ◽  
Tarek Abd Elsadek Osman ◽  
Alaa Eldeen El Mokadem ◽  
Abou Bakr Elshalakany 
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Cooling

The purpose of this research is to use friction stir welding (FSW) to join dissimilar  metals, annealed low carbon steel and A1050 pure aluminum. A butt joint with a similar sheet thickness of 1.9 mm was applied. The novelties of the research are relatively using high generated heat produced by a combination of low traverse speed and high rotational speed to perform the dissimilar joints and using a tool material (K107cold work tool steel) which has not been used in FSW with tool cooling. The present work studied the effect of FSW variables such as tilt angle, tool cooling, base metal location on mechanical properties. Tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints. The microstructure specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sound dissimilar joints were successfully produced. The maximum joint efficiency obtained in this study is 51.7% of the aluminum tensile strength. The microstructure images showed that many steel fragments were sheared off from the steel surface by the tool action and scattered in the weld nugget, a continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the interface, the thickness of the IMC layer at the interface decreased in the thickness direction of the weld. FeAl3 IMC phase was only observed at the interface.

Friction stir welding of ultra low carbon steel: microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ishita Koley ◽  
Sukumar Kundu ◽  
Satish V. Kailas
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Stir Zone ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Ultra Low Carbon Steel

In the present investigation, the friction stir welding of ultra low carbon steel was carried out at different tool rotational speeds of 300 to 900 rpm in steps of 150 rpm for 30 mm/min traverse speed. The macro and microstructures were examined to identify the different areas of stir zone, thermomechanically affected zone and heat affected zone of the welded joints. Tensile strength of the welded joints was evaluated and maximum tensile strength of ∼336 MPa was obtained at 450 rpm tool rotational speed. Microhardness was measured along the cross section of the welded joint. The maximum hardness was observed at stir zone when compared to thermomechanically affected zone and heat affected zone. The hardness values decreased with the increase in tool rotational speeds in the stir zone. Electrochemical study was investigated in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution using various electrochemical measurements such as open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The corrosion rate at stir zone decreased with the increase in tool rotational speed.

scholarly journals Effect of Pin Shape on Thermal History of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Validation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7883
Author(s):  
Dmitry Olegovich Bokov ◽  
Mohammed Abed Jawad ◽  
Wanich Suksatan ◽  
Mahmoud E. Abdullah ◽  
Aleksandra Świerczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Simulation Results

This article studied the effects of pin angle on heat generation and temperature distribution during friction stir welding (FSW) of AA1100 aluminum alloy and St-14 low carbon steel. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was implemented to simulate the FSW process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in order to investigate internal materials’ flow. Simulation results revealed that the mechanical work on the joint line increased with the pin angle and larger stir zone forms. The simulation results show that in the angled pin tool, more than 26% of the total heat is produced by the pin. Meanwhile, in other cases, the total heat produced by the pin was near 15% of the total generated heat. The thermo-mechanical cycle in the steel zone increased, and consequently, mechanical interlock between base metals increased. The simulation output demonstrated that the frictional heat generation with a tool without a pin angle is higher than an angled pin. The calculation result also shows that the maximum heat was generated on the steel side.

Friction stir welding of ultrafine grained plain low-carbon steel formed by the martensite process

2006 ◽  
Vol 423 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ueji ◽  
H. Fujii ◽  
L. Cui ◽  
A. Nishioka ◽  
K. Kunishige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

Three dimensional FE thermal analysis for friction stir welding of low carbon steel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Pankaj ◽  
Pratik S. Sawarkar ◽  
Avinish Tiwari ◽  
Pankaj Biswas ◽  
Sukhomay Pal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir
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