scholarly journals Magnetization Reversal and Dynamics in Epitaxial Fe/Pt Spintronic Bilayers Stimulated by Interfacial Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4354
Author(s):  
Thomas Kehagias ◽  
Dimitrios Karfaridis ◽  
Camillo Ballani ◽  
Laura Mihalceanu ◽  
Christoph Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Reversal ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Spin Current ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Threading Dislocations ◽  
The Impact

We have explored the impact of elevated growth and annealing temperatures on the local interfacial structure of thin Fe(12 nm)/Pt(10 nm) spintronic bilayers, epitaxially grown on MgO (100), and their correlation to magnetization reversal and dynamics. Electron-beam evaporation growth and subsequent annealing at 450 °C causes significant roughening of the MgO/Fe interface with irregular steps and multilevel (100) MgO surface terraces. Consequently, threading dislocations emerging at the step edges propagated in the Fe layer and terminated at the Fe/Pt interface, which appears pitted with pits 1.5–3 nm deep on the Fe side. Most of the pits are filled with the overlying Pt, whereby others by ferrimagnetic Fe3O4, forming nanoparticles that occupy nearly 9% of the Fe/Pt interfacial area. Fe3O4 nanoparticles occur at the termination sites of threading dislocations at the Fe/Pt interface, and their population density is equivalent to the density of threading dislocations in the Fe layer. The morphology of the Fe/Fe3O4/Pt system has a strong impact on the magnetization reversal, enhancing the coercive field and inducing an exchange bias below 200 K. Furthermore, low-temperature spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect voltage measurements reveal that below their blocking temperature the nanoparticles can influence the spin current transmission and the spin rectification effects.

Effects of Pulsatility on the Laminar Mixing Surface in Converging Microchannel Flows

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hitt ◽  
M. McGarry ◽  
R. D. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Laminar Mixing ◽  
Microchannel Flows ◽  
Mixing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

With the growing interest and development of microfluidic systems, the need for micro-scale laminar flow mixing techniques is evident. Traditional mixing methods often rely upon turbulent flow for mixing which is generally not present on the micro-scale and so alternative approaches must be sought. In this work, we report on the impact of flow pulsatility on the laminar mixing surface/interface formed between two converging microchannel flows. The motivation behind the study is to assess the potential for pulsatility as a possible MEMS-mixing strategy. A 3-D computational model of the converging flow at a 90° junction is developed using the Fluent6® CFD software and the volume-of-fluid algorithm is used to track time-dependent behavior of the interface downstream of the junction. Results thus far have shown that for certain parametric regimes a complex, evolving interfacial distortion can form which propagates and persists downstream of the junction. Time-series for the total interfacial area and the interfacial motion have been extracted from numerical data and spectral analyses have been performed; some interesting nonlinear behavior has been observed. Of particular importance, the results also show that the complexity of the interfacial structure is only significant at higher frequencies (order of kHz) which is appropriate for MEMS-based pumping devices.

When Do Psychopathic Traits Affect Cooperative Behavior?: An Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Testori ◽  
M Kempf ◽  
RB Hoyle ◽  
Hedwig Eisenbarth
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iterated Prisoner’S Dilemma

© 2019 Hogrefe Publishing. Personality traits have been long recognized to have a strong impact on human decision-making. In this study, a sample of 314 participants took part in an online game to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on cooperative behavior in an iterated Prisoner's dilemma game. We found that disinhibition decreased the maintenance of cooperation in successive plays, but had no effect on moving toward cooperation after a previous defection or on the overall level of cooperation over rounds. Furthermore, our results underline the crucial importance of a good model selection procedure, showing how a poor choice of statistical model can provide misleading results.

The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly  in  2010  and  in  2011  the  international  tourist  arrivals  and  receipts  are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace.  In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

The Impact Of Economic Crisis On Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Md. Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Sustained Recovery ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly  in  2010  and  in  2011  the  international  tourist  arrivals  and  receipts  are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace.  In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

Magnetization Reversal of Ferromagnetic CoFeB Films and CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB Heterostructures in the Stray Field of Fe/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
O. V. Koplak ◽  
E. I. Kunitsyna ◽  
R. S. Allayarov ◽  
S. Mangin ◽  
N. V. Granovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Reversal ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Stray Field

Cost of Dementia and Its Correlation With Dependence

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örjan Åkerborg ◽  
Andrea Lang ◽  
Anders Wimo ◽  
Anders Sköldunger ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Path Model ◽  
National Study ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To estimate the cost of dementia care and its relation to dependence. Method: Disease severity and health care resource utilization was retrieved from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. Informal care was assessed with the Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument. A path model investigates the relationship between annual cost of care and dependence, cognitive ability, functioning, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and comorbidities. Results: Average annual cost among patients diagnosed with dementia was €43,259, primarily incurred by accommodation. Resource use, that is, institutional care, community care, and accommodation, and corresponding costs increased significantly by increasing dependency. Path analysis showed that cognitive ability, functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly correlated with dependence, which in turn had a strong impact on annual cost. Discussion: This study confirms that cost of dementia care increases with dependence and that the impact of other disease indicators is mainly mediated by dependence.

scholarly journals Anomalous Laterally Stressed Kinetically Trapped DNA Surface Conformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery V. Prokhorov ◽  
Nikolay A. Barinov ◽  
Kirill A. Prusakov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Dubrovin ◽  
Maxim D. Frank-Kamenetskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Persistence Length ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
List Type ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Monomolecular Films ◽  
Chain Approximation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positively Charged

Highlights DNA kinking is inevitable for the highly anisotropic 1D–1D electrostatic interaction with the one-dimensionally periodically charged surface. The double helical structure of the DNA kinetically trapped on positively charged monomolecular films comprising the lamellar templates is strongly laterally stressed and extremely perturbed at the nanometer scale. The DNA kinetic trapping is not a smooth 3D—> 2D conformational flattening but is a complex nonlinear in-plane mechanical response (bending, tensile and unzipping) driven by the physics beyond the scope of the applicability of the linear worm-like chain approximation. Abstract Up to now, the DNA molecule adsorbed on a surface was believed to always preserve its native structure. This belief implies a negligible contribution of lateral surface forces during and after DNA adsorption although their impact has never been elucidated. High-resolution atomic force microscopy was used to observe that stiff DNA molecules kinetically trapped on monomolecular films comprising one-dimensional periodically charged lamellar templates as a single layer or as a sublayer are oversaturated by sharp discontinuous kinks and can also be locally melted and supercoiled. We argue that kink/anti-kink pairs are induced by an overcritical lateral bending stress (> 30 pNnm) inevitable for the highly anisotropic 1D-1D electrostatic interaction of DNA and underlying rows of positive surface charges. In addition, the unexpected kink-inducing mechanical instability in the shape of the template-directed DNA confined between the positively charged lamellar sides is observed indicating the strong impact of helicity. The previously reported anomalously low values of the persistence length of the surface-adsorbed DNA are explained by the impact of the surface-induced low-scale bending. The sites of the local melting and supercoiling are convincingly introduced as other lateral stress-induced structural DNA anomalies by establishing a link with DNA high-force mechanics. The results open up the study in the completely unexplored area of the principally anomalous kinetically trapped DNA surface conformations in which the DNA local mechanical response to the surface-induced spatially modulated lateral electrostatic stress is essentially nonlinear. The underlying rich and complex in-plane nonlinear physics acts at the nanoscale beyond the scope of applicability of the worm-like chain approximation.

War of words: the impact of Russian state television on the Russian Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cottiero ◽  
Katherine Kucharski ◽  
Evgenia Olimpieva ◽  
Robert W. Orttung
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

How effective is Russian state television in framing the conflict in Ukraine that began with the Euromaidan protests and what is its impact on Russian Internet users? We carried out a content analysis of Dmitrii Kiselev's “News of the Week” show, which allowed us to identify the two key frames he used to explain the conflict – World War II-era fascism and anti-Americanism. Since Kiselev often reduces these frames to buzzwords, we were able to track the impact of these words on Internet users by examining search query histories on Yandex and Google and by developing quantitative data to complement our qualitative analysis. Our findings show that much of what state media produces is not effective, but that the “fascist” and anti-American frames have had lasting impacts on Russian Internet users. We argue that it does not make sense to speak of competition between a “television party” and an “Internet party” in Russia since state television has a strong impact in setting the agenda for the Internet and society as a whole. Ultimately, the relationship between television and the Internet in Russia is a continual loop, with each affecting the other.

Progress toward Cloud-Cleared Infrared radiance assimilation in a global modeling framework: Application to the 2017 Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Season.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niama Boukachaba ◽  
Oreste Reale ◽  
Erica L. McGrath-Spangler ◽  
Manisha Ganeshan ◽  
Will McCarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Radiance Assimilation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Season

<p>Previous work by this team has demonstrated that assimilation of IR radiances in partially cloudy regions is beneficial to numerical weather predictions (NWPs), improving the representation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in global analyses and forecasts. The specific technique used by this team is based on the “cloud-clearing CC” methodology. Cloud-cleared hyperspectral IR radiances (CCRs), if thinned more aggressively than clear-sky radiances, have shown a strong impact on the analyzed representation and structure of TCs. However, the use of CCRs in an operational context is limited by 1) latency; and 2) external dependencies present in the original cloud-clearing algorithm. In this study, the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) CC algorithm was (a) ported to NASA high end computing resources (HEC), (b) deprived of external dependencies, and (c) parallelized improving the processing by a factor of 70. The revised AIRS CC algorithm is now customizable, allowing user’s choice of channel selection, user’s model's fields as first guess, and could perform in real time. This study examines the benefits achieved when assimilating CCRs using the NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) hybrid 4DEnVar system. The focus is on the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season with three infamous hurricanes (Harvey, Irma, and Maria) investigated in depth.  The impact of assimilating customized CCRs on the analyzed representation of tropical cyclone horizontal and vertical structure and on forecast skill is discussed.</p>

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