A Study on the Sound Insulation Performance of Cross-laminated Timber

Jui-Yen Lin; Chieh-Ting Yang; Yaw-Shyan Tsay

doi:10.3390/ma14154144

A Study on the Sound Insulation Performance of Cross-laminated Timber

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14154144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4144

Author(s):

Jui-Yen Lin ◽

Chieh-Ting Yang ◽

Yaw-Shyan Tsay

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Cavity Structure ◽

Insulation Performance ◽

Double Wall

Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) has become an emerging board material of wood construction that is strong enough to sustain a high-rise building. However, many wooden congregate housing units overseas that utilize CLT have poor sound environments because the low mass of such wood influences sound insulation performance. In this research, we explored the effect of different CLT walls on sound insulation performance and integrated applicable sound insulation simulation tools to simplify the process of designing a CLT wall structure. This research aimed at a double wall and CLT combined with a gypsum board as the research object. The sound insulation performance test was carried out in a laboratory, while the sound insulation performance of the structure was predicted through simulation tools and prediction models and then compared with the measured values to verify the applicability of the simulation tool. The CLT with a double wall and CLT with gypsum board (CLT + GB) achieved Rw of 50 dB. The numerical simulation had better prediction performance than INSUL at the double wall, while the double wall with cavity structure was close to the measured result via mass law calculation. The INSUL-predicted CLT with a gypsum board at 500 Hz~3150 Hz was close to the measured value.

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Sound Transmission Through a Double-Wall Structure Coupled with Two Trapezoidal Acoustic Cavities

International Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1142/s1758825116501003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 08 (08) ◽

pp. 1650100 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haosen Yang ◽

Hui Zheng ◽

Xiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Sandwich Panels ◽

Sound Transmission ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Acoustic System ◽

Acoustic Cavity ◽

Acoustic Cavities ◽

Insulation Performance ◽

Double Wall

This paper aims at investigating the sound transmission mechanism of a flexibly-linked finite length double-wall structure. The problem stems from the modeling of sound transmission through corrugated core sandwich panels for predicting its transmission loss. The spatial segmentation of the acoustic gap and fully structure-acoustic coupling effect between the flexural vibration of the inclined mechanical link and the two adjacent trapezoidal acoustic cavities are considered. The theoretical model of the considered vibro-acoustic system is developed by using the modal superposition method in conjunction with envelope rectangular technique. Based on the developed theoretical model, the general vibro-acoustics characteristics of the system is presented. Particularly by using the [Formula: see text] mode of the acoustic cavity and the first structural modal frequency, the ratio between the aerostatic stiffness and the structural stiffness is formulated, and a criterion is proposed to determine whether the sound insulation performance of the vibro-acoustic system is controlled mainly by the structure or the acoustic cavity. Numerical investigations reveal that with different stiffness ratio, the acoustic cavity affects the sound transmission through both the added stiffness and added mass following different mechanisms. Besides, the influence of the inclined angle of the connecting beam on sound insulation performance of the double-wall structure is also studied. The obtained results are believed to be helpful in the optimal design of corrugated core sandwich panels for sound insulation.

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Apparent impact sound insulation performance of cross laminated timber floors with floating concrete toppings

INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings ◽

10.3397/in-2021-3006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 263 (1) ◽

pp. 5203-5215

Author(s):

Jianhui Zhou ◽

Zijian Zhao

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Bending Stiffness ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Mass Timber ◽

The Impact ◽

Insulation Performance

Mass timber buildings are gaining increasing popularity as a sustainable alternative to concrete and steel structures. Mass timber panels, especially cross-laminated timber (CLT), are often used as floors due to their dry and fast construction. CLT has poor impact sound insulation performance due to its lightweight and relatively high bending stiffness. Floating concrete toppings are often applied to increase both the airborne and impact sound insulation performance. However, the impact sound insulation performance of floating concrete toppings on CLT structural floors is affected by both the concrete thickness and resilient interlayer. This study investigated the efficiency of both continuous and discrete floating floor assemblies through mock-up building tests using small-scale concrete toppings according to ASTM E1007-16. It was found that the improvements by continuous floating floor assemblies are dependent on the concrete thicknesses and dynamic stiffness of resilient interlayers. The improvements cannot be well predicted by the equations developed for concrete structural floors. The highest apparent impact sound insulation class (AIIC) achieved with continuous floating floor assemblies in this study was 53 dBA, while that of the discrete floating floor assemblies was up to 62 dBA. The discrete floating floor solution showed great potential for use in mass timber buildings due to the high performance with thinner concrete toppings.

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Study of various wood stud partitions with various gypsum board and proprietary acoustical sound insulation products

INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings ◽

10.3397/in-2021-3307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 263 (1) ◽

pp. 5838-5846

Author(s):

Kristin Salenger

Keyword(s):

Sound Insulation ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Insulation Performance ◽

The U.S ◽

Better Than

Wood stud construction is common in residential and hospitality buildings in some parts of the U.S.; however, there is a deficiency of field-tested sound insulation performance of partitions constructed with wood studs that are spaced closer than 16" on center. This study presents the sound isolation measurement results of a set of fifteen partitions within an existing facility that has been experiencing repeated complaints of poor acoustic privacy between horizontally adjacent spaces. The tested partition types varied between single stud, double stud, and single studs with resilient channel constructions. The walls had four materials of varying combinations applied, including 19/32" OSB, Type X gypsum board, proprietary enhanced gypsum board, and proprietary mass loaded vinyl. It was shown that the partition with enhanced gypsum board performed better than the same partition with Type X, the double stud partition performed lower than expected, and the addition of mass loaded vinyl to both double and single stud partitions did not affect the ASTC rating, among other findings.

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Acoustic design tools for estimation of sound insulation performance of wood wall and floor assemblies

INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings ◽

10.3397/in-2021-1384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 263 (6) ◽

pp. 267-274

Author(s):

Cheng Qian ◽

Lin Hu ◽

Christian Dagenais ◽

Sylvain Gagnon

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

National Research Council ◽

Design Tool ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Prediction Tools ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Sound Transmission Class ◽

Interior Walls ◽

The Impact ◽

Insulation Performance

The National Building Code of Canada 2015 stipulates the minimum requirements of the airborne sound insulation transmission through common interior walls and ceiling/floor assemblies. The required minimum Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC) is 47 in Canada, whereas the Impact Insulation Class (IIC) for floors is recommended to be higher than 55. For many years, significant efforts were made to develop sound insulation prediction models or tools to predict the sound insulation performance of wall and floor/ceiling assemblies at the design phase in order to meet the requirements and the recommendations made by codes. However, today few models can provide a reliable acoustics design tool. In this document, three prediction tools thought to be practically useful are presented and evaluated. Between these three prediction tools, one is an analytical model of the Insul software while the other two are empirical models developed by the National Research Council of Canada and the American Wood Council. This paper compared the STC and IIC ratings of wood wall and floor assemblies estimated by these three models and verified them by the measured STC and IIC ratings. This work aims at providing an idea for readers to choose a suitable design tool to proceed with their acoustic designs.

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Evaluation of Construction Cost, Time, and Sustainable Attributes of Drywalls Supported by Resilient Channels

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12198102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 8102

Author(s):

Kyung Ho Kim ◽

Jin Yong Jeon

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Construction Cost ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Gypsum Board ◽

Concrete Wall ◽

Concrete Walls ◽

High Rise ◽

Insulation Performance

In this study, a gypsum board wall was developed using resilient channels to improve sound insulation performance, constructability, and economic efficiency; the effect of the application of the developed wall on skyscrapers and long-term housing, one of the main forms of modern buildings, was also comprehensively evaluated. Resilient channels were inserted and fixed to ensure the constructability was suitable for high-rise buildings. In addition, the sound insulation performance, durability of the wall, CO2 emissions, and life-cycle cost (LCC), which are key elements for economic efficiency, constructability, and sustainability, were analyzed. The developed lightweight gypsum board drywall with resilient channels was compared with a concrete wall as well as a double stud gypsum board wall, which has been most widely used among existing drywalls. The sound insulation performance and durability were evaluated in a laboratory, and the other items were evaluated after constructing the walls in a hotel building with an area of 2956 m2. The evaluation results show that the developed wall exhibited a 3 dB higher sound insulation performance than the concrete wall, even though it was thinner by 50 mm, and the wall secured the grade of “severe duty” (SD) based on the BS 5234-2 standard in durability evaluation, indicating that it can sufficiently replace concrete walls. Moreover, when the developed wall was installed in an actual building and compared with a concrete wall, a 14.7% reduction in construction cost, 59% reduction in CO2 emissions, and 30.4% reduction in the LCC of the drywall, considering even the remodeling and dismantling stages of the building, were observed. Therefore, it was proven that the newly developed resilient channel drywall with improved constructability has significant value in terms of sound insulation performance, economic efficiency, safety, and eco-friendliness.

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Reduction of Sound Transmission Through Finite Clamped Metamaterial-Based Double-Wall Sandwich Plates with Poroelastic Cores

Acta Acustica united with Acustica ◽

10.3813/aaa.919365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 850-868

Author(s):

Jingru Li ◽

Peng Yang ◽

Sheng Li

Keyword(s):

Vibration Isolation ◽

Transmission Loss ◽

Sound Transmission ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Sandwich Plates ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Finite Structures ◽

The Galerkin Method ◽

Insulation Performance ◽

Double Wall

Finite structures play a more realistic role in applications designed for sound and vibration isolation. Doublepanel structure with poroelastic cores is able to exhibit a superior sound insulation performance in mid-high frequency range, while is relatively inferior to isolate waves at low frequencies. In order to further reduce sound transmission at low frequencies and cater for the actual situation, this paper decides to introduce the metamaterial concept into finite double-wall sandwich plates and presents an analytical model to calculate the sound transmission loss through the metamaterial-based double-panel with fully clamped boundary conditions. The metamaterial-based double-wall sandwich plates are constructed by replacing the bare panel with the metamaterial plate, consisting of a homogeneous plate and periodically attached local resonators. Biot's theory is used to examine the wave propagation in the poroelastic medium. The vibro-acoustic problem of the proposed sandwich plate is solved by employing the modal superposition theory and the Galerkin method. Numerical results show that the sound transmission is significantly reduced at low frequencies. Unique phenomena caused by attached local resonators are explained and the eff ects of resonator inerter, incident angles and damping on the sound insulation properties are also studied.

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Impact sound insulation of cross-laminated timber/massive wood floor constructions: Collection of laboratory measurements and result evaluation

Building Acoustics ◽

10.1177/1351010x16682966 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 35-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anders Homb ◽

Catherine Guigou-Carter ◽

Andreas Rabold

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Sound Level ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Cross Laminated Timber ◽

Wood Floor ◽

Weak Part ◽

Floor Systems ◽

Single Number ◽

The Impact

Wooden building systems, including cross-laminated timber elements, are becoming more common. The last few years have seen new developments and documentation of innovative types of cross-laminated timber floor assemblies. Regarding impact sound associated to walking persons, running or jumping children, such floor assemblies can be regarded as a weak part. So far, there are no reliable standardized calculation models available, for prediction of impact sound in the entire frequency range. Therefore the design is always based upon previous experiences and available measurements. This article presents the results of a number of well controlled sound insulation measurements of cross-laminated timber/massive wood floor constructions conducted in laboratories. The collection of data and results analysis highlight some basic phenomena. For instance, how structural differences related to the grouping of the constructions change the frequency distribution of the impact sound level and the single number quantities. Another significant result is the influence of the dynamic stiffness of the resilient interlayer of floating floor systems and the mass per unit area of the floors. Based on this analysis, the aim is to identify similarities and carry out simplifications. The data will be further processed and used in the development of prediction models and optimization process of cross-laminated timber floor assemblies.

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