scholarly journals Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Glassy Carbon

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4024
Author(s):  
Piotr Olesik ◽  
Marcin Godzierz ◽  
Mateusz Kozioł ◽  
Jakub Jała ◽  
Urszula Szeluga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
Composite Samples

In this paper, we investigated theimpact of glassy carbon (GC) reinforcement oncrystal structure and the mechanical performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We made composite samples by mixing HDPE granules with powder in ethanol followed bymelt mixing in a laboratory extruder. Along with the investigated composite, we also prepared samples with carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GNP) and graphite (Gr) to compare GC impact with already used carbon fillers. To evaluate crystal structure and crystallinity, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We supported the XRD results with a residual stress analysis (RSA) according to the EN15305 standard. Analysis showed that reinforcing with GC leads to significant crystallite size reduction and low residual stress values. We evaluated the mechanical properties of composites with hardness and tensile testing. The addition of glassy carbon results inincreased mechanical strength incomposites with CNT and GNP.

Measurement and Analysis on Tensile Strength and Crystallinity of Vibrating Extruded High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Bao Shan Shi ◽  
Xue Mei Qin ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Result Show

By the apparatus of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were measured and analysed. The result show that the tensile strength was much improved under the reciprocating axial vibration in low temperature. The phenomenon indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and strong inter-spherulite ties, which account for enhancement of the mechanical properties of sheets, compared to conventional static extrusion.

scholarly journals Crystalline Characteristics and Their Influence in the Mechanical Performance in Poly(ε-Caprolactone) / High Density Polyethylene Blends

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez ◽  
Ernesto Pérez ◽  
Vicente Lorenzo ◽  
María L. Cerrada
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyethylene Blends

Blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been prepared at different compositions in order to assess the effect of HDPE on gas transport and mechanical behaviors of PCL. Previous to this evaluation, a complete morphological, structural, and thermal characterization were performed using techniques, including SEM, contact angle, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation at small and wide angles. Low HDPE incorporations allow interactions to be established at interfaces in the amorphous regions and the enhancement of the mechanical performance. Consequently, the addition of a small amount of HDPE (ranging from 5 to 10 wt%) appears to be appropriate in certain bio-applications where a higher mechanical behavior is required.

Study on Self-Reinforcement of High-Density Polyethylene Extruded with Vibration in Low Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Qin ◽  
Bao Shan Shi ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Axial Vibration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy

The effect of vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, obtained through vibration plasticating extruder in low temperature, were studied systematically. Property Tests show that the tensile strength and the Vika temperature were much improved under the reciprocating axial vibration in low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry , scanning electron microcopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction were executed to analyze the microstructure of the samples. The results indicate that the vibration extrudate in low temperature has higher crystallinity, perfect crystallite, and new crystal morphology formed , which account for enhancement of the mechanical properties and Vika temperature of sheets, compared to conventional static extrudate.

Tuning the Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene by ECAE Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Laurentiu Sandu ◽  
Florin Susac
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Indentation Tests

This paper investigates the ability of the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process to induce morphological changes and hence tune the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression and cylindrical macro-indentation tests have been used to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties of HDPE processed by ECAE up to four passes via route BC, i.e. counter clockwise 90° billet rotation about its longitudinal axis. It was found that the ECAE process induces significant plastic deformations with changes in the crystalline structure. The ECAE process increased the HDPE crystallinity by 10 to 15%. The number of ECAE passes has a significant effect on the magnitude of the mechanical properties especially on the elastic modulus and yield stress. Young’s modulus and yield strength decreased with increasing the number of ECAE passes and reached a stationary state after the third pass.

Stress-Induced Crystal-to-Crystal Transformations in High-Density Polyethylene-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Spectroscopic Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiros Tzavalas ◽  
Vasilis G. Gregoriou
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Ft Ir

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)–clay nanocomposites have been prepared using the melt intercalation technique. Organically modified montmorillonite at various loadings (0.5–7%) was used as a nanoadditive. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized for the first time to monitor the stress-induced crystal-to-crystal transformations of the polyethylene matrix with respect to the clay loading as well as to the degree of mechanical strain. In addition, polarized infrared measurements revealed information on both the orientation and the stress-induced distortion of the crystals. It was concluded that the crystal-to-crystal transformations are hindered by the presence of the clay, which also prevented the crystals from orienting even at low clay loadings (1%). Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements confirmed the presence of the stress-induced crystalline structures in agreement with the infrared measurements.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties, Wettability and Thermal Degradation of HDPE/Birch Fiber Composite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Agbelenko Koffi ◽  
Fayçal Mijiyawa ◽  
Demagna Koffi ◽  
Fouad Erchiqui ◽  
Lotfi Toubal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
High Density ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Wood–plastic composites have emerged and represent an alternative to conventional composites reinforced with synthetic carbon fiber or glass fiber–polymer. A wide variety of wood fibers are used in WPCs including birch fiber. Birch is a common hardwood tree that grows in cool areas such as the province of Quebec, Canada. The effect of the filler proportion on the mechanical properties, wettability, and thermal degradation of high-density polyethylene/birch fiber composite was studied. High-density polyethylene, birch fiber and maleic anhydride polyethylene as coupling agent were mixed and pressed to obtain test specimens. Tensile and flexural tests, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis and surface energy measurement were carried out. The tensile elastic modulus increased by 210% as the fiber content reached 50% by weight while the flexural modulus increased by 236%. The water droplet contact angle always exceeded 90°, meaning that the material remained hydrophobic. The thermal decomposition mass loss increased proportional with the percentage of fiber, which degraded at a lower temperature than the HDPE did. Both the storage modulus and the loss modulus increased with the proportion of fiber. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, neither the fiber proportion nor the coupling agent proportion affected the material melting temperature.

Exploration on compatibilizing effect of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose biocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Sudari ◽  
AA Shamsuri ◽  
ES Zainudin ◽  
PM Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect

Three types of surfactants, specifically cationic, anionic, and nonionic, at different weight percentages were added into high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose (HDPE/LDPE/cellulose) biocomposites via melt mixing. The cationic and anionic surfactants which are hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) and sodium stearate (SS), respectively, were added from 4 to 20 wt%, whereas the nonionic surfactant which is sorbitan monostearate (SM) was added from 1 to 5 wt%. The mechanical testing results exhibited that the addition of HTAB increased tensile strength and tensile modulus, while SS deteriorated mechanical properties, while SM increased impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites. Based on the mechanical properties results, optimum weight percentages of HTAB and SM were 12 wt% and 4 wt%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic micrographs displayed that the amount of cellulose fillers pullout decreased with the addition of HTAB, followed by SM, but it increased with SS. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffractometer patterns, thermogravimetric analysis results, and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms have confirmed the presence of physical interactions only with the addition of HTAB and SM. Based on the results, compatibilizing effect was found in HTAB, whereas SM has not showed compatibilizing effect but instead plasticizing effect. However, neither compatibilizing nor plasticizing effect was exhibited by SS.

scholarly journals Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Sergi ◽  
Jacopo Tirillò ◽  
Maria Carolina Seghini ◽  
Fabrizio Sarasini ◽  
Vincenzo Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites

The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Hybridization of hemp fibres with basalt fibres and the incorporation of MAPE were found to significantly decrease the water uptake (up to 75%) and increase the retention of mechanical properties after accelerated ageing. Secondary crystallization phenomena occurring in the composites, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, were able to counteract the severe combined effects of hygrothermal stress and UV radiation, with the exception of hemp-fibre composites where permanent damage to the fibres occurred, with 2% and 20% reduction in tensile strength and modulus, respectively, for a 30 wt % hemp fibre-reinforced HDPE.

Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical Reinforcement of High-Density Polyethylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ran Miao ◽  
Yuan Jiang Qi ◽  
Xiao Yun Li ◽  
Yu Zhu Wang ◽  
Xiao Long Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Scattering

The high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing HDPE with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this work, the morphological, nucleation, crystallization and mechanical properties of the HDPE nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy, different scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering and tensile testing. It was found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus is increased by 42.4% and 116.5% at 3.wt% MWCNT loading compared to the pure HDPE. According to SEM results combined with SAXS, well-defined nanohybird shish-kebab (NHSK) entities exist in the composites, and in the shish-kebab structures fibrillous carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) act as shish while HDPE lamellae act as kebab. The crystallization behavior, probed by DSC, suggests that MWCNTs have strong nucleation ability and shear stress plays an important role in polymer crystallization process. The mechanical properties demonstrated that the formation of the Shish-kebab structures improved the interfacial adhesion and brought obvious mechanical enhancement for the HDPE/MWCNTs nanocomposites.

Effect of waste polyethylene terephthalate content on the durability and mechanical properties of composites with tire rubber matrix

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Cosnita ◽  
Cristina Cazan ◽  
Anca Duta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Waste Polyethylene ◽  
Prior Application

The paper investigates new composites fully based on wastes of polyethylene terephthalate, rubber, high-density polyethylene, and wood, aiming at multifunctional, environmental-friendly materials, for indoor and outdoor applications. The rubber: polyethylene terephthalate: high-density polyethylene: wood ratio and compression molding temperatures are optimized considering the output mechanical properties, focusing on increasing the waste polyethylene terephthalate content. To investigate the durability in the working conditions, the water-stable composites, with good tensile and compression strengths were exposed to surfactant systems, saline aerosols, and ultraviolet radiations. The results prove that surfactant immersion improves the interfaces and the mechanical properties and a pre-conditioning step involving the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant is recommended, prior application. The interfaces and the bulk composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, to identify the properties that influence the mechanical behavior and durability. The composites containing 30% of polyethylene terephthalate, obtained at 160℃ and 190℃ have a good combination of mechanical properties and durability that is enhanced by the plasticizing effect of water and surfactants. The compressive strength of the composite processed at 190℃ was 51.2 MPa and the value increased to 58.4 MPa after water immersion. The ultraviolet and saline exposure slightly diminished this effect; however, long time testing (120 h) ended up with values higher than those corresponding to the pristine composite: 55.3 MPa after ultraviolet and 57.1 MPa after saline exposure.

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