scholarly journals Hybrid Ultra-Low-Radioactive Material for Protecting Dark Matter Detector from Background Neutrons

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3757
Author(s):  
Marina Zykova ◽  
Mikhail Grishechkin ◽  
Andrew Khomyakov ◽  
Elena Mozhevitina ◽  
Roman Avetisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
True Solution ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Laboratory Technology

A laboratory technology for a new ultra-low background hybrid material (HM) which meets the requirements for neutron absorption with simultaneous neutron detection has been developed. The technology and hybrid material can be useful for future low background underground detectors designed to directly search for dark matter with liquid noble gases. The HM is based on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer matrix in which gadolinium nuclei are homogeneously distributed up to 1.5 wt% concentration in polymer slabs of 5 cm thickness. To determine the 65 impurity elements by the inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique in the Gd-based preparations in 100–0.01 ppb range, the corresponding method has been developed. Limits of determination (LD) of 0.011 ppb for uranium, and 0.016 ppb for thorium were achieved. An analysis of Gd raw materials showed that the lowest contents of U and Th (1.2–0.2 ppb) were detected in commercial Gd-based preparations. They were manufactured either from secondary raw materials (extraction phosphoric acid) or from mineral raw materials formed in sedimentary rocks (phosphogypsum). To produce the Gd-doped HM the commercial GdCl3 was purified and used for synthesis of low-background coordination compound, namely, acetylacetonate gadolinium (Gd(acac)3) with U/Th contents less than LD. When dissolving Gd(acac)3 in methylmethacrylate, the true solution was obtained and its further thermal polymerization allowed fabrication of the Gd-doped PMMA with ultra-low background.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

scholarly journals Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Dowman ◽  
Frances Wall ◽  
Peter J. Treloar ◽  
Andrew H. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Carbonatite Complex ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Rare Earth Minerals ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rare Earth Mineral ◽  
The Rare Earth

AbstractCarbonatites are enriched in critical raw materials such as the rare-earth elements (REE), niobium, fluorspar and phosphate. A better understanding of their fluid regimes will improve our knowledge of how to target and exploit economic deposits. This study shows that multiple fluid phases penetrated the surrounding fenite aureole during carbonatite emplacement at Chilwa Island, Malawi. The first alkaline fluids formed the main fenite assemblage and later microscopic vein networks contain the minerals of potential economic interest such as pyrochlore in high-grade fenite and rare-earth minerals throughout the aureole. Seventeen samples of fenite rock from the metasomatic aureole around the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex were chosen for study. In addition to the main fenite assemblage of feldspar and aegirine ± arfvedsonite, riebeckite and richterite, the fenite contains micro-mineral assemblages including apatite, ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, zircon, rare-earth minerals and pyrochlore in vein networks. Petrography using a scanning electron microscope in energy-dispersive spectroscopy mode showed that the rare-earth minerals (monazite, bastnäsite and parisite) formed later than the fenite feldspar, aegirine and apatite and provide evidence ofREEmobility into all grades of fenite. Fenite apatite has a distinct negative Eu anomaly (determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) that is rare in carbonatite-associated rocks and interpreted as related to pre-crystallization of plagioclase and co-crystallization with K-feldspar in the fenite. The fenite minerals have consistently higher midREE/lightREEratios (La/Sm ≈ 1.3 monazite, ≈ 1.9 bastnäsite, ≈ 1.2 parisite) than their counterparts in the carbonatites (La/Sm ≈ 2.5 monazite, ≈ 4.2 bastnäsite, ≈ 3.4 parisite). Quartz in the low- and medium-grade fenite hosts fluid inclusions, typically a few micrometres in diameter, secondary and extremely heterogeneous. Single phase, 2- and 3-phase, single solid and multi solid-bearing examples are present, with 2-phase the most abundant. Calcite, nahcolite, burbankite and baryte were found in the inclusions. Decrepitation of inclusions occurred at ∼200°C before homogenization but melting-temperature data indicate that the inclusions contain relatively pure CO2. A minimum salinity of ∼24 wt.% NaCl equivalent was determined. Among the trace elements in whole-rock analyses, enrichment in Ba, Mo, Nb, Pb, Sr, Th and Y and depletion in Co, Hf and V are common to carbonatite and fenite but enrichment in carbonatitic type elements (Ba, Nb, Sr, Th, YandREE) generally increases towards the inner parts of the aureole. A schematic model contains multiple fluid events, related to first and second boiling of the magma, accompanying intrusion of the carbonatites at Chilwa Island, each contributing to the mineralogy and chemistry of the fenite. The presence of distinct rare-earth mineral microassemblages in fenite at some distance from carbonatite could be developed as an exploration indicator ofREEenrichment.

scholarly journals Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (28) ◽  
pp. 16243-16249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Schibille ◽  
Jorge De Juan Ares ◽  
María Teresa Casal García ◽  
Catherine Guerrot
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Lead Glass ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Type ◽  
Isotope Analyses

This study investigates glass finds from the Iberian Peninsula as a proxy for identifying the mechanisms underlying technological transformations and innovation in the wake of the Arab conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries CE. High-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data combined with lead isotope analyses of a precisely dated (mid-eighth century to 818 CE) glass assemblage from the Rabad of Šaqunda in Cordoba, capital of Umayyad Spain, enabled us to trace the origins of an Iberian glassmaking industry and to unambiguously link it to the exploitation of local raw materials. The analytical data reveal increased recycling, some isolated imports of Islamic plant ash glasses from Mesopotamia, and, most notably, the development of a new type of glassmaking technology that resorted to the use of lead slag from silver and lead mining and processing in the region around Cordoba. The production of this type of lead glass from Šaqunda was short-lived and was subsequently refined by introducing additional fluxing agents. The technological innovation of Islamic glassmaking in Spain evidently drew inspiration from adjacent high-temperature technologies. The revival of glass and the development of a local glassmaking tradition was indirectly related to the wider processes of Islamization, such as the introduction of glazed ceramics that are compositionally related to the lead glasses from Šaqunda.

Study of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Adsorption in Heavy Metals

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Xu Liu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jian Xing Shen ◽  
Qi Hui Lai ◽  
Ying Gai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nitrate Tetrahydrate

nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) powders were prepared by liquid phase precipitation method, using diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as raw materials. It was studied that the prepared nanoHA powders not sintered and sintered at 800°C to adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions, respectively. The structure and size of nanoHA powders was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the concentrations of Cu2+and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions were tested by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The results revealed that the nanoHA powders have obvious absorption function for Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. In addition, the absorption ratio was affected by the size of nanoHA.

scholarly journals Critical raw materials enrichment in bauxite laterite: a case study of diverse parent rock types

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
R D Nugraheni ◽  
C P Riyandhani ◽  
M Apriniyadi ◽  
D Sunjaya
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Market ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Parent Rocks

Abstract High demand in utilizing the mineral and metal for industrial manufacture, which is unequal to the resources, has caused a vulnerable disruption. To compensate stocks in the global market, exploration of raw materials should be carried out for by-products. This study aims to elucidate the enrichment mechanism of Sc, Ga, and Nb elements from the bauxite weathering profile and sediment residue. An observation has been conducted using petrography, mineragraphy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), x-Ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma combined with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results indicate that bauxite ores (gibbsite) hold the metal compounds of Ga, while some iron minerals of goethite and hematite are present as Sc-bearing minerals, and Nb is highly concentrated within saprolite of bauxite. The maximum enrichment of Ga and Sc is observed from the bauxite sample and sediment residue derived from microdiorite pyroxene, which makes up 24.2 - 42.1 ppm and 39.9 - 55.4 ppm, respectively. By contrast, Nb enriched about nine-fold higher in the saprolite zone relative to bauxite produced by weathering of granitic parent rocks. It suggests that metal concentration in the lateritic products depending immensely on the precursor rock types.

scholarly journals Bioleaching of Au-Containing Ore Slates and Pyrite Wastes

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena B. Daibova ◽  
Inna V. Lushchaeva ◽  
Victor I. Sachkov ◽  
Natalia I. Karakchieva ◽  
Vladislav V. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Gold Concentration ◽  
Gold Leaching ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The influence of the environment and bacterial cultures on the degree of gold leaching from Au-containing raw materials of different compositions, origins, and with different contents of gold, selected in the Ural Federal District (Russia), was determined. The leaching degree was determined according to the change of the gold concentration in the ore by means of mass-spectrometry with inductively-coupled plasma. It was demonstrated that the degree of Au bioleaching from carbonaceous-argillaceous slates, containing 2.17 g/t of gold, and from pyritic technogenic raw materials, containing 1.15 g/t, when holding them in peptone water and Leten medium reached 92.17% and 87.83%, respectively.

The Study of Drift in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Raw Materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2905-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanický
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The work shows the importance of maintaining a constant temperature in a spray chamber to obtain a stable signal in the ICP spectrometry of water solutions. Simple shielding against ICP thermal radiation and forced air circulation in a plasma torch/spry chamber. The internal standard method has been used to improve signal stability. The number and composition of calibration solutions have been optimized for the detremination of the main constituents of some silicate and carbonate raw materials. An ultrasonic cleaning bath has been successfully used instead of stirring to dissolve the samples after fusion with LiBO2. Certified Czech and Slovak geological reference materials and some international standards have been used to test the accuracy. Statistical tests have proved that the method of determination complies with the requirements of technological standards.

scholarly journals Characterization of glass beads from Nanhai I shipwreck and new evidence of lead tin yellow type II in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxin Tian ◽  
Yihang Zhou ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Southern Song ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Yellow Type

AbstractGlass beads excavated from Nanhai I shipwreck were investigated with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty, these beads help to study Chinese maritime trades during the twelfth–thirteenth century. The bead samples are categorized into five groups by color, i.e., yellow, orange-red, blue, dark red and light red. All beads are of K2O-PbO-SiO2 and PbO-SiO2 glass systems and in form of coil bead, which further confirms the Chinese origin of them. Lead tin yellow type II was identified in the opaque yellow coil beads, and K2SnxPb(1-x)Si3O9 crystals were found in both yellow and orange-red samples. Through the preparation of glass with the same formula as the ancient yellow beads, lead tin yellow type II was probably synthesized beforehand and added as colorant because its raw materials tend to form K2SnxPb(1-x)Si3O9 crystals in the K2O-PbO-SiO2 glass during firing. As lead tin yellow type II is an atypical colorant in China, these beads from Nanhai I shipwreck may serve as the first clear evidence of lead tin yellow type II presenting in the Chinese glass system. The lead isotope ratios of the yellow beads suggest they were produced in Fujian Province, China. The introduction of the lead tin yellow coloring technique might have a close connection to the glass making in the Southeast Asia and these beads seemed to be made specifically for overseas markets.

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