scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate–Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hybrid Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Maria E. Fortună ◽  
Elena Ungureanu ◽  
Carmen D. Jitareanu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

In the present work, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) were prepared to obtain new hybrid materials used in papermaking. In the first step, occurred the precipitation of CaCO3 in solution containing CMC at different levels (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). In the second step, PCC–CMC hybrid material (25%) was added to pulp suspension, and the sheets were made. The effect of PCC–CMC on paper properties (mechanical and optical) was systematically investigated. Breaking length, the brightness and opacity of the sheets obtained with the PCC–CMC material were better than the sheets fabricated with the unmodified PCC at similar levels of content.

scholarly journals Small Pilot System for the Manufacture of in Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Pulp Fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp

Paper fillers materials are less expensive than fiber, allowing reduced production costs and improvement of paper properties. A small pilot scale in-situ laboratory calcium carbonate filler precipitation unit was developed and designed with the objective to provide enough pulp fiber containing in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate for a small 12-inch (304 mm) wide laboratory paper machine. The in-situ precipitation system requires the reactants calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide and was tested with a eucalyptus pulp fiber pulp suspension. The final precipitated in-situ filler content achieved was 38.2%, 55.5% and 66.6% based on initial eucalyptus pulp fiber content. The precipitation time from an initial pH of 12.77, 12.76 and 11.98 to an final pH of 7.29, 7.55, and 7.28 for the 3 kg, 6kg, and 9 kg of calcium hydroxide reactant addition was 45 minutes for the 3 kg and 9 kg calcium hydroxide addition and 40 min. for the 6 kg calcium hydroxide addition.

scholarly journals In Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Pulp Fibers – A Beating Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Breaking Length

The paper industry around the world is in search for new ways to decrease production costs. New approached with additives such as new developed In Situ precipitated paper fillers materials have the potential to reduce production cost and increase profit margins. In Situ precipitated calcium carbonate filler with 20.9% and 41.7% filler material was produced in a large-scale laboratory unit using a eucalyptus pulp fiber suspension with a 1.7% fiber solids content. Laboratory beating tests were performed with a Valley Beater and APFI Mill using pure eucalyptus pulp with no filler content as the based trial and the two-laboratory manufactured In Situ precipitated filler pulps. Valley Beater and PFI Mill laboratory beating machines show similar differences/trends for the breaking length, tear and burst index. EC-pulp with no filler has the highest strength for breaking length, tear and burst index. With increasing filler level breaking length, tear and burst index decrease. Filler containing pulp shows a decrease in beating time for the same beating level.  20 minutes for the Valley Beater and 15000 revolutions for the PFI mill show highest change in pulp fiber beating level sufficient for paper making operation. Valley Beater and PFI Mill laboratory equipment operate different and an exact comparison of the beating curves is not possible. Based on the amount of pulp fiber needed for experiments the Valley Beater for large amounts and the PFI mill for smaller amounts should be selected. The SEM pictographs of the Valley Beater and PFI Mill beating trials from 0 stage to the high beating stage at 80 minutes for the Valley beater and 60000 revolutions for the PFI Mill show similar results. No damage to the fibers is noticeable at the unbeaten level. With increasing beating level. At a magnification of 430 times the fiber structure shows an increasing dense fiber structure with less visible pores. Magnification of 2500 times reveals increasing damage to the fiber wall and fiber surface.

Composite filler by pre-flocculation of fiber fines and PCC and its effect on paper properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Hyun Kang ◽  
Jong Myoung Won ◽  
Byoung-Uk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Loading Method ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Composite Filler ◽  
Filler Retention ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA composite filler was developed by pre-flocculation of fiber fines and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles with flocculants such as cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM) and bentonite. The composite filler was compared with a conventional loading method in terms of physical properties of handsheet and filler retention. The handsheets using the composite filler showed higher strength properties than that using a conventional loading at a similar paper ash content level, implying that paper ash content can be increased maintaining same level of paper strength. Optical properties such as opacity and brightness of the paper with the composite were quite similar with the paper with the conventional loading. Filler retention of the composite filler was slightly higher than that of the conventional loading even though retention aids were not used for the composite filler. Paper formation of the composite filler was better than the case of the conventional loading. However, the sheet with the composite filler showed lower bulk than that with the conventional loading. Conclusively, the composite filler technology by pre-flocculation of fines and filler has a potential to be utilized to produce a high loaded paper.

Cellulose-precipitated calcium carbonate composites and their effect on paper properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Mohamadzadeh-Saghavaz ◽  
Hossein Resalati ◽  
Ali Ghasemian
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Cellulose Fibrils ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

AbstractA cellulose-PCC composite was synthesised using the CaCl2 reaction with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) under alkaline conditions and in the presence of cellulose fibrils made from highly refined bleached softwood kraft pulp. The results showed that the ash content in the synthesised cellulose-PCC composite increased by increasing the reaction temperature from 25°C to 70°C, the reaction time from 3.5 min to 7.5 min and the cellulose consistency from 0.05 % to 0.1 %. The ratio of calcium carbonate generated to the calcium chloride used initially was increased by increasing the reaction temperature and time. The XRD pattern of the cellulose-PCC composite indicated no modification micro-crystal habit of the deposited CaCO3. The SEM images showed that the cellulose-PCC composite filler had a rhombohedral shape as opposed to the scalenohedral shape of common PCC. The paper filled with the cellulose-PCC composite had much higher bursting and tensile strengths, at a tearing strength similar to common PCC.

The Performance of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Fillers in Fine Quality Printing and Writing Papers

1990 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Custom Made

ABSTRACTThe trend toward alkaline papermaking has accelerated over the past four years due to the availability of inexpensive, high quality precipitated calcium carbonate. This movement has been largely brought about through on-site production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Over ten facilities exist in North America providing the host mills with custom-made PCC products to provide specific properties for the paper grades being manufactured.Laboratory studies were recently conducted to investigate the performance of paper-grade PCC fillers in fine quality printing papers. This investigation focused on the effect of changes in PCC particle size, size distribution, surface area, and morphology on paper properties. The PCC fillers were also compared to other filler materials such as ground limestone and kaolin.In general, the results show that sheet properties are greatly influenced by the size and shape of the PCC product used. The data reveal strong correlations between average particle size and/or surface area, and sheet properties such as opacity, porosity, tensile strength, bulk, and sizing within certain filler morphologies.

Study of Culture Paper Making with P-RC APMP by Different Papermaking Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Jian Wei Song ◽  
Xue Feng Yin ◽  
Zhi Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

Using Poplar P-RC APMP as raw materials for culture paper making, the effect of conventional papermaking process and P-RC APMP fines-calcium carbonate co-flocculation process on the P-RC APMP culture paper properties were studied. The result showed that, comparing to the conventional papermaking process, co-flocculation process can supply paper with better strength properties, bulk and whiteness. When precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were added respectively in conventional papermaking process, the PCC supplied handsheets with better bulk and whiteness, while GCC supplied handsheets with better strength properties. In the co-flocculation process, the effects of PCC and GCC were nearly the same in strength properties and bulk of handsheets, but PCC was more beneficial for whiteness. SEM images showed that PCC distributed more evenly in the fiber network, and well-bonded with fiber network. The particle size of GCC is relatively small, mainly filled in the fiber network and wrapped on the fiber.

scholarly journals Eucalyptus Pulp Fibers with In-Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate – A 12-Inch Laboratory Paper Machine Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties

Paper manufacturing on a global scale is a highly competitive market which requires to constantly improve the manufacturing process to be competitive. To decrease production cost paper manufactures, add filler material prior to sheet forming to replace costly wood fiber based raw material. This research project investigates the use of in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate produced in the presence of eucalyptus fiber material at a 41.0% filler level prior to beating. The in-situ filler containing eucalyptus fiber suspension was used on a 12’ (304mm) wide Laboratory Fourdrinier Paper Machine together with non-filler containing eucalyptus fiber material, and a commercial precipitated calcium carbonate filler material. The manufactured in-situ fiber suspension resulted in a higher ash retention compared to the addition of the powdered commercial PCC filler material. In addition to commercial filler material retention is improved at higher filler addition above 30%. The increased ash retention is linked to the increased micro fibrillation fiber material of the in-situ filler-fiber suspension forming neckless like particles on the fibers microfibrils. Mechanical paper properties showed an improvement for in-situ precipitated filler material compared to commercial filler material addition. Optical properties could be improved in comparison to the eucalyptus fiber without filler addition for in-situ precipitated filler material and a combination of in-situ and commercial filler material.

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