scholarly journals Developing Super-Hydrophobic and Abrasion-Resistant Wool Fabrics Using Low-Pressure Hexafluoroethane Plasma Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3228
Author(s):  
Shama Parveen ◽  
Sohel Rana ◽  
Parikshit Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Wool Fabrics

The growing interest in wool fibres as an eco-friendly and sustainable material for diverse industrial applications requires an enhancement of their functional performance. To address this, wool fabrics were treated in the present research with low-pressure hexafluoroethane (C2F6) plasma to impart superhydrophobicity and improve their abrasion resistance. Unscoured and scoured wool fabrics were treated with C2F6 while varying plasma power (80 W and 150 W), gas flow rate (12 sccm and 50 sccm) and treatment time (6 min and 20 min), and the effect of plasma parameters on the abrasion resistance, water contact angle and dyeing behaviour of the wool fabrics was studied. Martindale abrasion testing showed that the surface abrasion of the wool fabrics increased with the number of abrasion cycles, and the samples treated with 150 W, 20 min, 12 sccm showed superior abrasion resistance. The scoured wool fabrics showed a contact angle of ~124°, which was stable for only 4 min 40 s, whereas the plasma-treated samples showed a stable contact angle of over 150°, exhibiting a stable superhydrophobic behaviour. The C2F6 plasma treatment also significantly reduced the exhaustion of an acid dye by wool fabrics. The EDX study confirmed the deposition of fluorine-containing elements on the wool fabrics significantly altering their properties.

Surface Treatment of Polystyrene Films with Inductively Coupled Plasma System

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nakhowong ◽  
Toemsak Srikhirin ◽  
Tanakorn Osotchan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Before And After

The surface of polystyrene (PS) thin films in argon plasma was modified to study the hydrophilicity properties. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system was used to generate the argon plasma. In the experiment, the effect of RF power levels, gas flow rate and treatment time was investigated. The surface morphology of PS films was examined by the atomic force microscopy (AFM), also the contact angle goniometry was used for measuring the wettability of PS films before and after plasma treatment. After the plasma treatment, AFM images of PS revealed the increasing of the surface roughness as increasing the power levels and treatment times. Moreover, after treated with argon plasma, the contact angles of polystyrene films also decrease where the power levels and treatment times were increased. It is clear that the effects of power levels and treatment time improve the wettability of PS films. It can also be observed that by placing the sample in air after plasma treatment, the contact angle gradually increases probably due to moisture absorption in the PS films.

Study on the Conditions of Plasma-Induced Graft Acrylic Acid on Polyethersulfone Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
Ru Li ◽  
Fen Fen Liu ◽  
Ji Fei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Plasma Treatment Time ◽  
Low Temperature Plasmas

The use of low-temperature plasmas to modify the surface of substrates and grafted acrylic acid is discussed. Their surface composition characterized by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra and water contact angle. The results of various techniques indicated that acrylic acid could be incorporated in the membrane surface. The plasma treatment time，plasma treatment power and grafting time effect on water contact angle. The water contact angle decreased from 67° for virgin PES to 11° for the plasma-induced and 0° for grafted AA.

scholarly journals Surface modification of polyamide by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produced in air at atmospheric pressure

BIBECHANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Rajesh Prakash Guragain ◽  
Hom Bahadur Baniya ◽  
Santosh Dhungana ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Ujjwal Man Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Dielectric Barrier

Industrial applications of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) have a long tradition. However, lack of understanding in some of its fundamental issues, such as the stochastic behaviors, is still a challenge for DBD researchers. The work was carried out at line frequency, 15 kV and at atmospheric pressure. This work focuses on the study of the electrical and optical characteristics of DBD at atmospheric pressure to determine a suitable condition for utilization of the device for surface modification of polyamides (PA) (Nylon 6/6). In this work, films were treated by dielectric barrier discharge and the effects on the morphology and chemistry of the material was studied. Surface characteristics were examined via contact angle measurements and SEM. The wettability tests revealed the improvement of the hydrophilic character of the surface of polyamide films as the water contact angle measured after the plasma treatments significantly decreased. The corresponding changes of the total surface energy revealed a significant increase in its polar component. The improvement of the wettability of PA strongly depends on the treatment time. The outcomes of the experiments proved that the modification of surface properties via plasma treatment reach to its saturation point after certain treatment time thus reducing the necessity of further treatment. BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 19-25

Use of plasma treated basalt fiber as a concrete additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Gulnara I. Amerkhanova ◽  
◽  
Alexey I. Khatsrinov ◽  
Lyubov A. Zenitova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Mode 2

The paper investigates the effect of plasma treatment of basalt fiber on its hydrophilic behavior, which was estimated by contact angle. The pre-chopped basalt fiber was put in a soft polyethylene container to prevent fiber particles from being carried away by a flow of plasma gas, and to protect outlet gas ducts against clogging. It was evaluated what effect the plasma modification had on the strength properties of BST V40 P2 concrete. As the treatment time increases the contact angle becomes higher until treatment time reaches 10 minutes. The contact angle-treatment power dependence passes through a maximum. The highest value has been observed at a treatment power of 0.6 kW both on the day of treatment and after a 5-day rest period. The wettability of basalt fiber after 5 days of exposure after the first wetting leads to lower results, but remains at a fairly high level. The retreatment after a 5-day curing period yields lower results, but the level remains sufficiently high. The highest contact angle has been observed at a treatment power of 0.6 kW, gas flow rate (G) of 0.04 g/s, chamber pressure (P) of 20 Pa, with air/argon mixture (1:1) as plasma gas. Were tested samples of concrete BST V 40 P 2 with the addition of plasma-treated basalt fiber in the amount of 0.5 and 3% of the mass. on the strength index under two modes of basalt fiber processing: in mode 1 the treatment time was 10 minutes, the treatment power was 1.5 kW; and in mode 2 the treatment time was 5 minutes, the treatment power was 0.6 kW, with the addition of plasma treated basalt fiber (0.5 and 3 mass percent). It was found that the plasma treatment of basalt fiber before chopping gave concrete a higher strength than plasma treatment followed by chopping. Concrete has the highest strength when basalt fiber (3 mass percent) is subjected to plasma treatment in mode 2. Furthermore, the strength increased by 23 mass percent in comparison with the reference sample.

scholarly journals Interfacial performance and impact resistance of argon plasma treated UHMWPE/STF inter-ply hybrid composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110438
Author(s):  
Zixuan Liu ◽  
Keyi Wang ◽  
Huchen Wang ◽  
Letian Li ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ar Plasma ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the influence of low temperature glow discharged argon (Ar) plasma on interfacial performance and impact resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) inter-ply hybrid composites. The composites were composed of UHMWPE and meta-aramid plain woven laminates with shear thickening fluid (STF). Water contact angle and drop-weight resistance of the composites with various Ar plasma treatment parameters were tested to investigate the interfacial performance and impact properties of the composites. The tested treatment parameters of this study included treating time, treating power, and gas flow rate. It was found that the best interfacial adhesion of UHMWPE and the impact resistance of the composites was realized at the plasma treatment power of 100 W, treatment time of 150 s, and gas flow rate of 4 sccm. In the follow-up research, this study conducted ballistic test to further explore the bulletproof effect and application prospect of this material.

Behavior of Radial Incompressible Flow in Pneumatic Dimensional Control Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Roy ◽  
D. Vo-Ngoc ◽  
D. N. Nguyen ◽  
P. Florent
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Axisymmetric Flow ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Simpler Algorithm

The application of pneumatic metrology to control dimensional accuracy on machined parts is based on the measurement of gas flow resistance through a restricted section formed by a jet orifice placed at a small distance away from a machined surface. The backpressure, which is sensed and indicated by a pressure gauge, is calibrated to measure dimensional variations. It has been found that in some typical industrial applications, the nozzles are subject to fouling, e.g., dirt and oil deposits accumulate on their frontal areas, thus requiring more frequent calibration of the apparatus for reliable service. In this paper, a numerical and experimental analysis of the flow behavior in the region between an injection nozzle and a flat surface is presented. The analysis is based on the steady-state axisymmetric flow of an incompressible fluid. The governing equations, coupled with the appropriate boundary conditions, are solved using the SIMPLER algorithm. Results have shown that for the standard nozzle geometry used in industrial applications, an annular low-pressure separated flow area was found to exist near the frontal surface of the nozzle. The existence of this area is believed to be the cause of the nozzle fouling problem. A study of various alternate nozzle geometries has shown that this low-pressure recirculation area can be eliminated quite readily. Well-designed chamfered, rounded, and reduced frontal area nozzles have all reduced or eliminated the separated recirculation flow area. It has been noted, however, that rounded nozzles may adversely cause a reduction in apparatus sensitivity.

The Modification of Carbon Included Polyethylene Surface by Plasma Treatment for Metallizing Using a Low Pressure RF Discharge Plasma

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeou-Long Lee ◽  
Chung-Ming Liu ◽  
Kuen Ting ◽  
Wei-Kung Cheng ◽  
Takayoshi Tsuchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Rf Discharge ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Polyethylene Surface

AbstractSurface modification of the carbon included polyethylene (semi-conductive PE) surface for metallizing using a low pressure RF discharge plasma has been carried out. The contact angle was used as a measure of the wettability of the PE surface. The roughness and the chemical bondings in PE surface layer were analized by DFM and XPS, respectively. Typical results show that the contact angle decreases from approximately 94° to below 10° after several minutes' treatment and recovers to a saturation value when it was put open to the air after treatment. The saturation value of the contact angle is smaller as the gas pressure for treatment is higher and the treatment time is longer but all are below approximately 60° which is still smaller than that of untreated. DFM and XPS results show that the surface roughness and the bondings C-O and C=O in the PE surface layer also increase with increasing the treatment time and seem to be responsible for improving the hydrophilic property of PE. After pretreatment process, nickel was coated on the PE sheet by electrodeposition method and a good adhesion between the nickel layer and the PE surface compared with that of untreated was obtained.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Bonding of PMMA and Double-Sided Polished Silicon Wafers through H2O Plasma Treatment for Microfluidic Devices

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Chao-Ching Chiang ◽  
Philip Nathaniel Immanuel ◽  
Yi-Hsiung Chiu ◽  
Song-Jeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Plasma Treatment Time

In this work we report on a rapid, easy-to-operate, lossless, room temperature heterogeneous H2O plasma treatment process for the bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and double-sided polished (DSP) silicon substrates by for utilization in sandwich structured microfluidic devices. The heterogeneous bonding of the sandwich structure produced by the H2O plasma is analyzed, and the effect of heterogeneous bonding of free radicals and high charge electrons (e−) in the formed plasma which causes a passivation phenomenon during the bonding process investigated. The PMMA and silicon surface treatments were performed at a constant radio frequency (RF) power and H2O flow rate. Changing plasma treatment time and powers for both processes were investigated during the experiments. The gas flow rate was controlled to cause ionization of plasma and the dissociation of water vapor from hydrogen (H) atoms and hydroxyl (OH) bonds, as confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The OES results show the relative intensity peaks emitted by the OH radicals, H and oxygen (O). The free energy is proportional to the plasma treatment power and gas flow rate with H bonds forming between the adsorbed H2O and OH groups. The gas density generated saturated bonds at the interface, and the discharge energy that strengthened the OH-e− bonds. This method provides an ideal heterogeneous bonding technique which can be used to manufacture new types of microfluidic devices.

THE FRICTION BEHAVIOR OF NBR SURFACE MODIFIED BY ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4249-4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG-HYOUNG KIM ◽  
SEOCK-SAM KIM ◽  
SI-GEUN CHOI ◽  
SEUNG-HUN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Surface Modified

Different treatment time and bias voltage with RF Ar plasma were used to improve tribological properties of NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber). Chemical structure analyses of NBR by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) were performed to clarify the functionality modification after the plasma treatment. In addition, wetting experiments were carried out by measuring the contact angle of distilled water drops on the NBR surface. ATR analysis revealed that the number of - C = O , - C - O , O - H functional groups increased after the argon plasma treatment. The functional groups led to changes in the contact angle from 100 to 50 degrees. The results showed that form-like nanostructures on the NBR was observed at the bias voltage of -400 V. The friction test showed that coefficient of friction after modified NBR in lubricated condition decreased from 0.25 to 0.15 with the increasing bias voltage due to the surface structure formations and better bonding with grease lubricant.

Transparent and Hydrophilic TiO2 Anatase as Top-Protective Layer for CSP Reflectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ennaceri ◽  
Asmae Khaldoun ◽  
Abdelilah Benyoussef ◽  
Tristan Köhler ◽  
Rodrigo Sáez-Araoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Photo Catalysis ◽  
Angle Measurements

Titanium Dioxide is an important material that is used in many industrial applications such as photo-catalysis, glass-defogging, self-cleaning, waste water purification and anti-bacterial sterilization. The strong photo-catalysis of TiO2, and therefore its ability to decompose dirt and organic contaminants makes it an excellent top-protective layer candidate for CSP reflectors. The aim of this study consists of the deposition of a transparent and hydrophilic TiO2layer on top of the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) mirrors without altering their specular reflectance. The strong photo-catalysis and hydrophilicity of TiO2will decompose the dirt and organic matter on the surface of the mirrors, which would be cleaned away from the reflectors’ surface by rain, therefore minimizing the use of water for cleaning the CSP mirrors.In this study, polycrystalline anatase TiO2layers were deposited on glass substrates with different thicknesses. The contact angle measurements show that the hydrophilicity of TiO2increases with increasing surface roughness, with Water Contact Angle (WCA) of 52°and 30° for 48 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Super-hydrophilicity (WCA < 5°) was achieved for thicker TiO2layers, with WCA of 8° and 1° for 177 nm and 220 nm, respectively. The deposition of a 48 nm-thick TiO2layer on glass showed a high transmittance in the visible and Near Infrared (NIR) range (75%), whereas the transmission decreased with increasing thicknesses of TiO2. Therefore, a TiO2layer of 48 nm thickness is suggested in this study as a hydrophilic top-protective layer since it preserved the specular reflectance of the mirrors (97.5%) in the NIR range, compared to 98.6% without the TiO2layer.

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