scholarly journals Influence of Fe and Mn on the Microstructure Formation in 5xxx Alloys—Part I: Evolution of Primary and Secondary Phases

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3204
Author(s):  
Jakob Grasserbauer ◽  
Irmgard Weißensteiner ◽  
Georg Falkinger ◽  
Thomas Kremmer ◽  
Peter Uggowitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Additions

The increasing demands for Al sheets with superior mechanical properties and excellent formability require a profound knowledge of the microstructure and texture evolution in the course of their production. The present study gives a comprehensive overview on the primary- and secondary phase formation in AlMg(Mn) alloys with varying Fe and Mn additions, including variations in processing parameters such as solidification conditions, homogenization temperature, and degree of cold rolling. Higher Fe alloying levels increase the primary phase fraction and favor the needle-shaped morphology of the constituent phases. Increasing Mn additions alter both the shape and composition of the primary phase particles, but also promote the formation of dispersoids as secondary phases. The size, morphology, and composition of primary and secondary phases is further affected by the processing parameters. The average dispersoid size increases significantly with higher homogenization temperature and large primary particles tend to fragment during cold rolling. The microstructures of the final soft annealed states reflect the important effects of the primary and secondary phase particles on their evolution. The results presented in this paper regarding the relevant secondary phases provide the basis for an in-depth discussion of the mechanisms underlying the microstructure formation, such as Zener pinning, particle stimulated nucleation, and texture evolution, which is presented in Part II of this study.

scholarly journals The Early Stages of the Microstructural Development of the Colony Structure in Bi-2223 Tapes

2001 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Holesinger
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Colony Structure ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Phase Development ◽  
Multifilamentary Tapes

ABSTRACTThe current protocol for processing (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-x (Bi-2223) multifilamentary tapes involves the in situ formation of the primary phase from a suitable mixture of precursor phases. As such, the developments during the first few minutes of heat treatment determine to a large extent the efficiency of primary phase development, competing secondary phase development, texture evolution, and grain-to-grain connectivity. This work documents the development of the liquid phase, secondary phases, defects which may affect alignment and reaction kinetics, and the precipitation of Bi-2223 from the liquid phase.

Texture Evolution and Earing in Aluminium Can Sheet

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1565-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Series Expansion ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
New Method ◽  
Fourier Series Expansion ◽  
Hot And Cold Rolling

The texture evolution during hot and cold rolling of AlMg1Mn1 can body sheet is described and the related anisotropy effects during deep drawing are analysed quantitatively. The typical textures of rolled aluminium show the transition between ß-fibre orientations and cube recrystallization texture, depending on rolling temperature and strain. These correlate with transitions between 45° and 0°/90° ear heights in deep drawn cups which are described by a new method of Fourier series expansion. Processing parameters to achieve low anisotropy are discussed.

Simulation of Poly-Disperse Multiphase Systems via Computational Fluid Dynamics

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele L. Marchisio ◽  
Marco Vanni ◽  
Antonello A. Barresi ◽  
Giancarlo Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Multiphase Model ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Multiphase Systems ◽  
Two Phases

Multiphase systems, such as sprays and aerosols, are characterized by the existence of a continuous primary phase and a disperse secondary phase. The interaction between the two phases and/or the chemical reactions can affect both composition and characteristic velocity of the primary and secondary phases, as well as the size distribution of the secondary phase. In order to describe these systems, the continuity, mass balance and momentum balance equations as well as additional equations for turbulence, must be solved. Nevertheless if there is the need to account for the evolution of the secondary phase because of continuous and discrete events the population balance equation must be solved. In this work two very efficient ways to cope with these issues will be presented. In particular the use of the quadrature method of moments coupled with the mixture multiphase model, and the multi-fluid model will be presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Semantička adaptacija frekventnih germanizama u oblasti domaćinstva

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Hatidže Burnić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
German Language ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
Language System ◽  
Semantic Adaptation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Adaptation Processes

The task of the analysis of adaptation processes is to describe which changes the foreign word has undergone in the primary phase, ie from the moment of borrowing to the formation of the basic form – which in contact linguistics is called replica – and which changes occur in the replica in the secondary phase, ie from the moment of integration in the language system of the recipient further. This paper analyzes the semantic adaptation of frequency Germanisms in the Bosnian language system and focuses on the conceptual field of “household”. The main goal is to determine the semantic changes that words taken from the German language undergo during the download and adaptation to the Bosnian language system. During the analysis, the contact linguistic methodology of Rudolf Filipović was used, in which the adaptation processes are divided into primary and secondary phases of adaptation. The comparative method compared the meanings of German models with the meanings of Bosnian replicas, and the changes were classified into three categories: zero semantic extension, narrowing of meaning and broadening of meaning. Based on the analysis of adaptive changes in the primary phase, it was determined that Germanisms were mostly taken over into the Bosnian language with their specific meanings, but the category of narrowing in the field of meaning was also noted. Unlike the primary adaptation, the secondary adaptation includes changes that occur on the formed replica. These changes are no longer associated with the German language because they are always related only with the Bosnian language system and its rules. This is evidenced by the examples of Germanisms in which in the phase of secondary adaptation there was an expansion of meaning through the use of metaphor, metonymy, pejorization, folk etymology and ellipse.

Opposite Effect of Lysine on Platelet Aggregation Induced by Arachidonate and by Other Aggregants

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 078-083 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ts'ao ◽  
S J Hart ◽  
D V Krajewski ◽  
P G Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Many ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryEarlier, we found that ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, but not aggregation by arachidonic acid (AA). Since EACA is structurally similar to lysine, yet these two agents exhibit vast difference in their antifibrinolytic activities, we chose to study the effect of lysine on platelet aggregation. We used L-lysine-HCl in these studies because of its high solubility in aqueous solutions while causing no change in pH when added to human plasma. With lysine, we repeatedly found inhibition of ADP-, collagen- and ristocetin-induced aggregation, but potentiation of AA-induced aggregation. Both the inhibitory and potentiation effects were dose-dependent. Low doses of lysine inhibited the secondary phase of aggregation; high doses of it also inhibited the primary phase of aggregation. Potentiation of AA-induced aggregation was accompanied by increased release of serotonin and formation of malondialdehyde. These effects were not confined to human platelets; rat platelets were similarly affected. Platelets, exposed to lysine and then washed and resuspended in an artificial medium not containing lysine, remained hypersensitive to AA, but no longer showed decreased aggregation by collagen. Comparing the effects of lysine with equimolar concentrations of sucrose, EACA, and α-amino-n-butyric acid, we attribute the potent inhibitory effect of lysine to either the excess positive charge or H+ and C1− ions. The -NH2 group on the α-carbon on lysine appears to be the determining factor for the potentiation effect; the effect seems to be exerted on the cyclooxygenase level of AA metabolism. Lysine and other chemicals with platelet-affecting properties similar to lysine may be used as a tool for the study of the many aspects of a platelet aggregation reaction.

Effect of Bi and In on Microstructure Formation in Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In/Cu and /Ni Solder Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Belyakov ◽  
Christopher M. Gourlay
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Five Phases

Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In solder has been investigated to improve the understanding of microstructure formation in this solder during solidification and soldering to Cu and Ni substrates. The as-solidified microstructures of Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In samples were found to consist of a significant fraction of βSn dendrites with a complex eutectic between the dendrites. In total five phases were observed to form during solidification: βSn, Ag3Sn, Bi, ζAg and a “Sn-In-Bi” ternary compound. Soldering of Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In to substrates changed the phase equilibria in the system and caused the formation of additional phases: Cu6Sn5 during soldering to Cu and Ni3Sn4 and metastable NiSn4 during soldering to Ni. It is shown that metastable NiSn4 forms as a primary phase in a complex 5-component Sn-3Ag-3Bi-3In-Ni system. In and Bi were detected in solid solution in the βSn matrix in amounts of ~1.5-2at% and ~1.2at% respectively. Bi also existed as fine particles of two distinct types. (i): sub-micron (<500nm) coral-like particles and (ii) facetted particles measuring up to 7-8 μm.

Correlation of defect density with texture evolution during cold rolling of a Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjan Kumar Anand ◽  
Bhupeshwar Mahato ◽  
Christian Haase ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Twip Steel ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Texture Evolution

Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Aha Lake, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1913-1918
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Ji Wei Hu ◽  
Xian Fei Huang ◽  
Jing An Chen ◽  
Li Ya Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Mining Wastewater ◽  
Aha Lake

Assessment of the pollution for the selected six heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni) in ten surface sediments sampled from Aha Lake in a dry season was made in the present investigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the sources of the heavy metals contamination and two components were extracted. Analysis of the lake characteristics and point source pollution revealed that the discharge of industrial effluent and coal mining wastewater were the possible sources of these heavy metals contamination. Based on the speciation characteristics of heavy metals in sediments, the method ratio of secondary phase to primary phase (RSP) was applied to evaluate the loadings and the bioavailability of these heavy metals. The RSP evaluation exhibited that Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni were mainly associated with Fe-Mn oxides besides residual phase, while Cu mainly existed in organic phase and residual phase. In summary, the potential risk posed to the lake caused by the heavy metals was high and descended in the order of Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Fe.

scholarly journals Texture Evolution and Control of 2524 Aluminum Alloy and Its Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5550
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Chen ◽  
Chuang Xiong ◽  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Suping Pan ◽  
Yufeng Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance ◽  
Volume Fractions

The influences of cold rolling and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure evolution of 2524 alloy were investigated using an orientation distribution function (ODF) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). A preparation method of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy with a strong Brass texture was developed, and its effect on the fatigue properties of the alloy was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that with the increase in cold rolling deformation from 0% to 80%, the volume fractions of Brass, copper, and S textures in the 2524-T3 alloy also increase, especially in the case of Brass and S textures. However, the volume fractions of cube and Goss textures are reduced significantly, especially for cube textures, which are decreased by 57.4%. Reducing coarse second-phase particles (CSPs) is conducive to the formation of a strong deformation texture during cold rolling. A 10% deformation at each rolling pass, followed by a step annealing, helps the preservation of a Brass texture even after solution treatment at 500 °C for 0.5 h, while a large cold deformation followed by high-temperature annealing helps the formation of a strong cube texture. The Brass texture can enhance the strength while decreasing the fatigue crack growth resistance of this alloy.

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