scholarly journals Influence of Laser Energy Input and Shielding Gas Flow on Evaporation Fume during Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Zn Metal

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2677
Author(s):  
Yu Qin ◽  
Jinge Liu ◽  
Yanzhe Chen ◽  
Peng Wen ◽  
Yufeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Powder Bed

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Zn-based metals exhibits prominent advantages to produce customized biodegradable implants. However, massive evaporation occurs during laser melting of Zn so that it becomes a critical issue to modulate laser energy input and gas shielding conditions to eliminate the negative effect of evaporation fume during the LPBF process. In this research, two numerical models were established to simulate the interaction between the scanning laser and Zn metal as well as the interaction between the shielding gas flow and the evaporation fume, respectively. The first model predicted the evaporation rate under different laser energy input by taking the effect of evaporation on the conservation of energy, momentum, and mass into consideration. With the evaporation rate as the input, the second model predicted the elimination effect of evaporation fume under different conditions of shielding gas flow by taking the effect of the gas circulation system including geometrical design and flow rate. In the case involving an adequate laser energy input and an optimized shielding gas flow, the evaporation fume was efficiently removed from the processing chamber during the LPBF process. Furthermore, the influence of evaporation on surface quality densification was discussed by comparing LPBF of pure Zn and a Titanium alloy. The established numerical analysis not only helps to find the adequate laser energy input and the optimized shielding gas flow for the LPBF of Zn based metal, but is also beneficial to understand the influence of evaporation on the LPBF process.

scholarly journals On the effect of shielding gas flow on porosity and melt pool geometry in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 101030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Reijonen ◽  
Alejandro Revuelta ◽  
Tuomas Riipinen ◽  
Kimmo Ruusuvuori ◽  
Pasi Puukko
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Melt Pool

scholarly journals Influence of Gas Flow Speed on Laser Plume Attenuation and Powder Bed Particle Pickup in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

JOM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051
Author(s):  
Haopeng Shen ◽  
Paul Rometsch ◽  
Xinhua Wu ◽  
Aijun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Plume ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals Influence of Baseplate Heating and Shielding Gas on Distortion, Mechanical and Case hardening Properties of 16MnCr5 fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 581-586
Author(s):  
Matthias Schmitt ◽  
Bernhard Kempter ◽  
Syed Inayathulla ◽  
Albin Gottwalt ◽  
Max Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Hardening ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals Effect of Laser Energy Density on the Microstructure andTexture Evolution of Hastelloy-X Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Shuzhe Zhang ◽  
Yunpei Lei ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Pei Wei ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Average Grain Size

It is of great importance to study the microstructure and textural evolution of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) formed Hastelloy-X alloys, in order to establish a close relationship between the process, microstructure, and properties through the regulation of the Hastelloy-X formation process parameters. In this paper, components of a Hastelloy-X alloy were formed with different laser energy densities (also known as the volume energy density VED). The densification mechanism of Hastelloy-X was studied, and the causes of defects, such as pores and cracks, were analyzed. The influence of different energy densities on grain size, texture, and orientation was investigated using an electron backscatter diffraction technique. The results show that the average grain size, primary dendrite arm spacing, and number of low angle grain boundaries increased with the increase of energy density. At the same time, the VED can strengthen the texture. The textural intensity increases with the increase of energy density. The best mechanical properties were obtained at the VED of 96 J·mm−3.

scholarly journals Inert Gas Flow Speed Measurements in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan S. Weaver ◽  
Alec Schlenoff ◽  
David C. Deisenroth ◽  
Shawn P. Moylan
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

Verzug bei pulverbettbasiertem Schmelzen von TiAl6V4/Distortion in laser beam melting – Influences of part geometry and heat treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (06) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Andreas Hofmann ◽  
Alexander Mahr ◽  
Frank Döpper ◽  
Christian Bay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Part Geometry ◽  
Laser Beam Melting

Der hohe lokale Energieeintrag beim pulverbettbasierten Schmelzen mittels Laserstrahl (laser powder bed fusion, LPBF) bewirkt hohe Temperaturgradienten. Dies führt zu thermisch induzierten Eigenspannungen und Verzug in den gefertigten Bauteilen, wodurch deren Form- und Maßhaltigkeit negativ beeinträchtigt wird. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der Bauteilgeometrie und einer der Fertigung nachgelagerten Wärmebehandlung auf den Verzug von mittels LPBF gefertigten Bauteilen aus dem Werkstoff TiAl6V4 untersucht.   A high local energy input during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) creates high temperature gradients. This leads to thermally induced residual stresses and distortion, which negatively affect the dimensional accuracy of components. This paperinvestigates the influence of component geometry and heat treatment after the manufacturing process on the distortion of components made by LPBF of TiAl6V4.

Modelling the complex evaporated gas flow and its impact on particle spattering during laser powder bed fusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 102332
Author(s):  
Jürgen Jakumeit ◽  
Gongyuan Zheng ◽  
Romuald Laqua ◽  
Samuel J. Clark ◽  
Jonas Zielinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals Effects of Different Substrates on the Formability and Densification Behaviors of Cemented Carbide Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5027
Author(s):  
Decheng Liu ◽  
Wen Yue ◽  
Jiajie Kang ◽  
Chengbiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Formation ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
High Laser Energy ◽  
Mold Fabrication

Cemented carbide materials are widely applied in cutting tools, drill tools, and mold fabrication due to their superior hardness and wear resistance. Producing cemented carbide parts via the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) method has the advantage of fabricating complex structures with a rapid manufacturing speed; however, they were underdeveloped due to their low density and crack formation on the blocks. This work studied the effect of different substrates including 316L substrates, Ni200 substrates, and YG15 substrates on the forming quality of WC-17Co parts fabricated by L-PBF, with the aim of finding the optimal substrate for fabrication. The results revealed that the Ni200 substrates had a better wettability for the single tracks formation than other substrates, and bonding between the built block and the Ni200 substrate was firm without separation during processing with a large range of laser energy inputs. This guaranteed the fabrication of a relatively dense block with fewer cracks. Although the high laser energy input that led to fine crack formation on the blocks formed on the Ni200 substrate, it was found to be better suited to restricting cracks than other substrates.

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