scholarly journals Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Cassio Nazareno Silva da Silva ◽  
Maria Carolina Bezerra Di-Medeiros ◽  
Luciano Morais Lião ◽  
Kátia Flávia Fernandes ◽  
Karla de Aleluia Batista
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Polypropylene Glycol ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This investigation focuses on the development and optimization of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) nanoparticles grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) as carriers for diclofenac sodium. The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It was demonstrated that the best formulation was achieved when 10 mg of CGP was mixed with 10 μL of PPG and homogenized at 22,000 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical characterization evidenced that diclofenac was efficiently entrapped, as increases in the thermal stability of the drug were observed. The CGP-PPG@diclofenac nanoparticles showed a globular shape, with smooth surfaces, a hydrodynamic diameter around 275 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.342, and a zeta potential of −5.98 mV. The kinetic studies evidenced that diclofenac release followed an anomalous transport mechanism, with a sustained release up to 68 h. These results indicated that CGP-PPG nanoparticles are an effective material for the loading/release of drugs with similar structures to diclofenac sodium.

Fabrication, Optimization and Characterization of Paclitaxel and Spirulina Loaded Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Keerthi G.S. Nair ◽  
Yamuna Ravikumar ◽  
Sathesh Kumar Sukumaran ◽  
Ramaiyan Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Nanoparticle Formulation ◽  
Central Composite

Background: Paclitaxel and spirulina when administered as nanoparticles, are potentially useful. Methods: Nanoformualtions of Paclitaxel and Spirulina for gastric cancer were formulated and optimized with Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) using Response surface methodology (RSM). Results: The significant findings were the optimal formulation of polymer concentration 48 mg, surfactant concentration 45% and stirring time of 60 min gave rise to the EE of (98.12 ± 1.3)%, DL of (15.61 ± 1.9)%, mean diameter of (198 ± 4.7) nm. The release of paclitaxel and spirulina from the nanoparticle matrix at pH 6.2 was almost 45% and 80% in 5 h and 120 h, respectively. The oral bioavailability for the paclitaxel spirulina nanoparticles developed is 24.0% at 10 mg/kg paclitaxel dose, which is 10 times of that for oral pure paclitaxel. The results suggest that RSM-CCRD could efficiently be applied for the modeling of nanoparticles. The paclitaxel and spirulina release rate in the tumor cells may be higher than in normal cells. Paclitaxel spirulina nanoparticle formulation may have higher bioavailability and longer sustainable therapeutic time as compared with pure paclitaxel. Conclusion: Paclitaxel-Spirulina co-loaded nanoparticles could be effectively useful in gastric cancer as chemotherapeutic formulation.

scholarly journals Enhanced Oil Removal by a Non-Toxic Biosurfactant Formulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Emília Mendes da Silva Santos ◽  
Isabela Regina Alvares da Silva Lira ◽  
Hugo Moraes Meira ◽  
Jaciana dos Santos Aguiar ◽  
Raquel Diniz Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Central Composite

In this study, a new formulation of low-cost, biodegradable, and non-toxic biosurfactant by Candida sphaerica UCP 0995 was investigated. The study was conducted in a bioreactor on an industrial waste-based medium, and a central composite rotatable design was used for optimization. The best results, namely a 25.22 mN/m reduction in surface tension, a biosurfactant yield of 10.0 g/L, and a critical micelle concentration of 0.2 g/L, were achieved in 132 h at an agitation speed of 175 rpm and an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses of the purified biosurfactant by chemical methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that it is a glycolipid-type biosurfactant, and it showed no cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. The biosurfactant, submitted to different formulation methods as a commercial additive, remained stable for 120 days at room temperature. Tensioactive properties and stability were evaluated at different pH values, temperatures, and salt concentrations. The biosurfactant obtained with all formulation methods demonstrated good stability, with tolerance to wide ranges of pH, temperature and salinity, enabling application under extreme environmental conditions. Bioremediation tests were performed to check the efficacy of the isolated biosurfactant and the selected microbial species in removing oil from soil. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant produced has promising properties as an agent for the bioremediation of contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Silver Nanocolloids Loaded with Betulinic Acid with Enhanced Antitumor Potential: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Iulia Pinzaru ◽  
Cristian Sarau ◽  
Dorina Coricovac ◽  
Iasmina Marcovici ◽  
Crinela Utescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter

Betulinic acid (BA), a natural compound with various health benefits including selective antitumor activity, has a limited applicability in vivo due to its poor water solubility and bioavailability. Thus, this study focused on obtaining a BA nano-sized formulation with improved solubility and enhanced antitumor activity using silver nanocolloids (SilCo and PEG_SilCo) as drug carriers. The synthesis was performed using a chemical method and the physicochemical characterization was achieved applying UV-Vis absorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The biological evaluation was conducted on two in vitro experimental models—hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The physicochemical characterization showed the following results: an average hydrodynamic diameter of 32 nm for SilCo_BA and 71 nm for PEG_SilCo_BA, a spherical shape, and a loading capacity of 54.1% for SilCo_BA and 61.9% for PEG_SilCo_BA, respectively. The in vitro assessment revealed a cell type- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect characterized by a decrease in cell viability as follows: (i) SilCo_BA (66.44%) < PEG_SilCo_BA (72.05%) < BA_DMSO (75.30%) in HepG2 cells, and (ii) SilCo_BA (75.28%) < PEG_SilCo_BA (86.80%) < BA_DMSO (87.99%) in A549 cells. The novel silver nanocolloids loaded with BA induced an augmented anticancer effect as compared to BA alone.

Pulsed Infrared Roasting of Groundnuts and its Quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
Sukumar Debnath ◽  
Umesh H Hebbar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Sand Roasting

The application of high intensity, pulsed infrared radiation for roasting of groundnuts is attempted and the product quality is compared with that of the conventionally roasted samples. Product qualities such as lightness (color), compressive strength (texture) and free fatty acid content are analyzed for different combinations of roasting duration (4-12 min) and temperature (160-200°C), selected based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Pulsed infrared roasting at 178-188°C for 6.8-9.2 min resulted in optimum product quality in terms of color, texture and free fatty acid content. The other parameters such as oil and moisture content, peroxide value and sensory characteristics of roasted nuts are also evaluated for the select temperature-duration combinations. The oil yield increased marginally with roasting duration and temperature. Peroxide number, an indicator of the stability of fat, did not vary during infrared roasting. Groundnuts processed at 180°C for 8 min scored high in terms of sensory attributes. Infrared roasting resulted in better product quality as compared to drum and sand roasting.

scholarly journals Optimization of transesterification of castor oil with ethanol using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD)

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiany S.B. Cavalcante ◽  
Maria N.C. Penha ◽  
Karlene K.M. Mendonça ◽  
Hilton C. Louzeiro ◽  
Antonio C.S. Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Rotatable Design

Modeling and Optimizing of Mechanically Agitated Vessels by Central Composite Rotatable Design Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Zadghaffari ◽  
Jafarsadegh Moghaddas ◽  
F. Fakheri ◽  
H. Razmi ◽  
H. Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Injection Point ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Rotatable Design

A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) methodology was used to analyze the effect of some operating variables on gas-liquid two phase mixing time in an agitated tank driven by dual 6-blade Rushton turbines. The variables chosen were the impellers rotational speed (x1), gas flow rate (x2), probe location (x3) and tracer injection point (x4). The mathematical relationship of mixing time on the four significant independent variables can be approximated by a nonlinear polynomial model. Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values (R-sq of 95.9 percent and R-Sq (Adj) of 95.7 percent for response Y). This study has shown that central composite design could efficiently be applied for the modeling of mixing time, and it is an economical way of obtaining the maximum amount of information with the fewest number of experiments.

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