scholarly journals Research on High- and Low-Temperature Characteristics of Bitumen Blended with Waste Eggshell Powder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Xuancang Wang ◽  
Guanyu Ji ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Guo ◽  
Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Temperature Characteristics ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eggshell Waste

The sustainability of resources is presently a major global concern. Sustainable construction materials can be produced by applying biological waste to engineering. Eggshells, as biological waste, are usually dumped in landfills or discarded. This causes many environmental problems including malodor, noise pollution, and serious waste of resources. To solve these problems, this study combined eggshell waste with bitumen materials for bio-roads construction. This paper investigated the impact of biological waste eggshell powder on the high- and low-temperature characteristics of bitumen materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the microstructure of eggshell powder. The interaction between eggshell powder and asphalt was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The high- and low-temperature characteristics were investigated using conventional performance tests, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) experiments. These results indicate that eggshell powder (1) has a rough and porous microstructure; (2) has no apparent chemical reaction with asphalt; and (3) improves the consistency, hardness, and high-temperature characteristics. However, it reduces the plastic deformation capacity of asphalt, and the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt cannot be improved. The research demonstrated that the application of eggshell powder in asphalt is feasible and has long-term resource and environmental advantages.

A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

State of the art on geopolymer concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi G. Ralli ◽  
Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Requirement

PurposeImportant differentiating attributes in the procedures used, the characteristic mineral composition of the binders, and the implications these have on the final long term stability and physico-mechanical performance of the concretes produced are identified and discussed, with the intent to improve transparency and clarity in the field of geopolymer concrete technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis state-of-the-art review covers the area of geopolymer concrete, a class of sustainable construction materials that use a variety of alternative powders in lieu of cement for composing concrete, most being a combination of industrial by-products and natural resources rich in specific required minerals. It explores extensively the available essential materials for geopolymer concrete and provides a deeper understanding of its underlying chemical mechanisms.FindingsThis is a state-of-the-art review introducing the essential characteristics of alternative powders used in geopolymer binders and the effectiveness these have on material performance.Practical implicationsWith the increase of need for alternative cementitious materials, identifying and understanding the critical material components and the effect they may have on the performance of the resulting mixes in fresh as well as hardened state become a critical requirement to for short- and long-term quality control (e.g. flash setting, efflorescence, etc.).Originality/valueThe topic explored is significant in the field of sustainable concrete technologies where there are several parallel but distinct material technologies being developed, such as geopolymer concrete and alkali-activated concrete. Behavioral aspects and results are not directly transferable between the two fields of cementitious materials development, and these differences are explored and detailed in the present study.

scholarly journals Identification of Key Indicators for Sustainable Construction Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Danso
Keyword(s):  
Social Indicators ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Key Indicators

Studies on sustainable construction materials are on the rise with their environmental, social, and economic benefits. This study identifies the key indicators for measuring sustainable construction materials. The design used for the study was that of a survey which relied on a questionnaire with five-point Likert scale to generate data for the analysis. For this purpose, 25 indicators from the three dimensions (environmental, social, and economic) identified from the literature were presented to the respondents in a structured questionnaire, and responses were collected and analysed using SPSS. The study identified three key environmental indicators for measuring sustainable construction materials, and these indicators are human toxicity, climate change, and solid waste. Furthermore, adaptability, thermal comfort, local resources, and housing for all were identified as the four key social indicators for sustainable construction materials. In addition, maintenance cost, operational cost, initial cost, long-term savings, and life span were found to be the five key economic indicators for measuring sustainable construction materials. The study therefore suggests that these twelve indicators should be considered in future studies that seek to measure sustainable construction materials.

scholarly journals Towards the Use of Waste Pig Fat as a Novel Potential Bio-Based Rejuvenator for Recycled Asphalt Pavement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Nader Nciri ◽  
Taesub Shin ◽  
Namho Kim ◽  
Arnaud Caron ◽  
Hanen Ben Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aged Asphalt ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Low Temperature Performance ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a novel potential bio-based rejuvenator derived from waste pig fat (WPF) for use in recycled asphalt applications. To achieve this purpose, the impact of different doses waste pig fat (e.g., 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt.% WPF) on the reclaimed asphalt pavement binder (RAP-B) performance is investigated. The unmodified and WPF-modified asphalts are characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thin-layer chromatography–flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physico-rheological properties of asphalt blends are assessed through Brookfield viscometer, softening point, penetration, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. TLC-FID data highlighted that incremental WPF addition into RAP-B restored its original balance maltenes-to-asphaltenes ratio; finding which was supported by FT-IR analysis. SEM disclosed that WPF has a great compatibility with the aged asphalt. AFM observations showed that grease treatment induced a decline in surface roughness (i.e., bee structures) and a rise in friction force (i.e., para-phase dimension) of RAP binder. TGA/DSC studies revealed that the bio-modifier not only possesses an excellent thermal stability but also can substantially enhance the binder low-temperature performance. Empirical and DSR tests demonstrated that WPF improved the low-temperature performance grade of RAP-B, reduced its mixing and compaction temperatures, and noticeably boosted its fatigue cracking resistance. The rejuvenation of aged asphalt employing WPF is feasible and can be an ideal approach to recycle both of RAP and waste pig fats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Building Materials Based on Sustainable Development Indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Mona Baglou ◽  
Parviz Ghoddousi ◽  
Mohsen Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
The Impact

Construction industry regarded as one of the key aspects of achieving the goals of sustainable development in communities. In this regard, the choice of building materials is one of the key challenges in order to improve project performance with respect to sustainable development indicators and the use of sustainable materials, is an effective step towards achieving sustainable construction. This research uses information and evidence, interview and questionnaire prepared (by five points Likert scale method). Also, it has provided expert opinions related indicators widely used in a construction materials, manufacturing process and defining the impact of the production of these materials on sustainable development deals. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were also performed (with Cronbach's alpha method). As a result of this research, Cement was identified as the most unsustainable material, after that Steel and then Brick and Glass were located with a wide margin. So Light concrete block, Gypsum, Stone, Lime, and Concrete were identified as the most sustainable materials according to existing indicators respectively. The consequences of this study can help the project executors in order to promote the use of sustainable building materials in construction and also industries will be aware of the impact of the sustainability indicators on their products.

scholarly journals The Impact of Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the Stiffness, Fatigue, and Low-Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixtures for Road Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Radević ◽  
Ivan Isailović ◽  
Michael P. Wistuba ◽  
Dimitrije Zakić ◽  
Marko Orešković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Road Asphalt ◽  
The Impact

The need for road (re)construction materials is constantly growing. At the same time, there is a limited quantity of new, high-quality materials available and a buildup of secondary/recycled construction materials. One possible solution may be the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in asphalt mixtures instead of natural aggregate (NA), which also promotes economic and environmental sustainability. The potential use of fine and coarse RCA in road asphalt mixtures is analyzed in this work. Nine asphalt mixtures were tested for base course layers, where RCA was used as a NA substitute. The impact of the quantity of RCA (up to 45% by mass) on the resulting physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures was investigated, and consequently compared with the properties of a reference control mixture produced with NA only. Results reveal that the addition of RCA requires higher bitumen in comparison to the control mixture (up to 1%). Consequently, mixtures with RCA had 15−20% lower stiffness and up to 26% higher critical fatigue strain value (ε6). Although RCA mixtures contained more bitumen, their low-temperature resistance was slightly inferior compared with the control mixture (failure temperatures were up to 4.3 °C higher). In conclusion, asphalt mixtures with up to 45% RCA can be used without substantially reducing performance.

scholarly journals Business Model Changes in District Heating: The Impact of the Technology Shift from the Third to the Fourth Generation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Lygnerud
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Business Model ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the implications on the business model of district heating companies of the technology shift targeting lower temperatures in the distribution network. Lower temperatures are valuable, since heat supply to low-energy buildings with low grid losses is facilitated. In addition, low-temperature heat sources can be integrated into an efficient energy system, improving the environmental performance of the industry. This technology shift opens a window of opportunity to update the business logic in the sector, since the lower temperatures allow a diversification of the value proposed to customers and a closer, long-term customer relationship. The extent to which the business model is impacted by the shift is not known. Thus, six cases of low temperature implementation from five European countries have been identified. Interviews with the project managers of the implementations show that the six cases made limited change to the primary business model when making the technological shift. Consequently, there is an unexplored potential for updating the value proposition and the customer relationship.

scholarly journals GREEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA AND BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Green Building Design ◽  
The Impact

The green building design aims to minimize the need for the non-renewable energy of these resources, optimize their sustainability and maximize their conservation, recycling and usage. The use of effective building materials and construction techniques is maximized. Architectural bioclimatic technology will also optimize on-site usage of sources and sinks. It requires only minimum electricity to fuel itself and efficient appliances to meet its lighting, air-conditioning and other needs. Green buildings architecture optimizes the use of renewable energies and efficient waste and water management methods to create practical and hygienic working conditions for indoor environments. Materials such as chemical, physical and mechanical material properties and an appropriate specification are the fundamental elements of construction design and responsible for the mechanical strength of the design. The construction of green buildings is also the first step in choosing and utilizing eco-friendly materials with or better characteristics than traditional building materials. Based on the practical, technical and financial requirements, construction materials are usually selected. But, given that sustainable development has been a core issue in recent decades, building industry that is directly or indirectly responsible for a substantial share of annual environmental destruction, by pursuing environmentally sound constructions and buildings should take responsibility for contributing to sustainable growth. The quickest way for manufacturers to start integrating environmental design practices into buildings would be the diligent procurement of eco-friendly sustainable construction materials, including options for new material uses, recycling and reusing, organic product creation and green resource use. This paper aims to show how green building materials will help reduce the impact on the atmosphere and create a cleaner building that can be healthy for the occupant or our environment. In the sustainable progress of a nation, the choice of building materials that have reduced environmental burdens is helpful.

scholarly journals Design Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Visual and Noise Pollution in Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Sritharan Sahana ◽  
Sacthivel Karthigayini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Noise Tolerant ◽  
Building Designs ◽  
The Impact

Noise and visual pollution are major arising pollution in the world. These types of pollution cause negative impacts on the inhabitants of the inbuilt environment or on the outside communities. Visual pollution affects the overall wellbeing of the community and retards quality of life. Moreover, noise pollution arises mainly from transportation, construction, industrialization and electronic equipment or tools. This study was carried out to mitigate the noise and visual pollution by proposing basic design strategies that can be applicable anywhere. Proper town and building planning could be a better option with noise tolerant buildings and noise barriers. In addition, building designs and selection of suitable construction materials also have to be considered in mitigating noise and visual pollution. However, it is mainly the responsibility of the decision makers of the society to make the development look and feel better as well as of the designers and planners to implement proper methods to ensure that the community fits the regulations.

The impact of low temperatures in controlling the geographical distribution of plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 326 (1237) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Distribution Limits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Responses

The distribution limits of three species, in the British Isles are discussed. For Verbena officinalis and Tilia cordata low temperatures are shown to influence distribution, by limiting the capacity either to flower or to fertilize ovules, respectively. In the case of Umbilicus rupestris , a long-term transplant population beyond the natural geographical limit of the species has evolved new low-temperature responses of seed germination and winter survival. The effect is a marked change of phenology, compared with populations of the species within its natural range, which enhances the capacity of the population to survive in a colder environment.

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