scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Studies of Perlite Concrete Casing for Chimneys in Residential Buildings

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Drozdzol
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
High Insulation ◽  
Materials Used

Chimneys are structures designed to convey exhaust gases from heating devices to the outside of buildings. The materials from which they are made have a great impact on their fire safety, as well as on the safety of the whole building. As current trends in the construction industry are moving towards improving the environmental impact and fire safety, changes to building materials are constantly being introduced. This also applies to the development of chimney technology, as there is still a recognised need for new solutions when it comes to materials used in the production of chimney systems. This article presents the findings of tests carried out on a chimney made from innovative perlite concrete blocks. Four different perlite concrete blocks that differed in bulk densities were analysed. The obtained results were then compared with widely used leca (lightweight expanded clay aggregate) concrete blocks. The test results confirmed high insulation properties of the perlite concrete block, from which the innovative chimney casing was made. The fire safety level was maintained even in high temperatures that occur during soot fire (1000 °C). These properties were retained despite there being no additional insulation of the flue duct. Even though the thermal load decreased the compressive strength of the chimney blocks, they still displayed sufficient average strength of 4.03 MPa. Additionally, the test results confirmed the possibility of recovering heat from the chimney with the efficiency of 23–30%, which constitutes a considerable increase compared to chimneys made from leca concrete blocks.

scholarly journals The Influence of Lime Solution in Kneading Water Substitution on Cement Roughcast and Mortar Coating

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4174
Author(s):  
André M. Santos ◽  
Ângelo J. Costa e Silva ◽  
João M. F. Mota ◽  
João M. P. Q. Delgado ◽  
Fernando A. N. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Tensile Bond Strength ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
Direct Tensile

The understanding of the mechanical fixation behavior of coatings is crucial for a better comprehension of the bonding systems, especially at the interface between the mortar and the substrate. Physical adherence is related, among other things, to the contents of the materials used in the roughcast and mortar coatings, due to the colloidal water penetration into the pores of the substrate. This work evaluated the influence of different lime solution additions replacing the kneading water in the preparation of roughcast and mortar coatings. Two types of substrates were investigated:ceramic bricks and concrete blocks. Three wall masonry panels were constructed, with dimensions of 220 × 180 cm2, one of concrete block and two of ceramic bricks, followed by the application of roughcast and mortar coating with an average thickness of 5 mm and 20 mm, respectively. Direct tensile bond strength tests were performed and the results, with a 95% confidence level, showed that substrate ceramic and treatment in the roughcast exhibited a better behavior regarding the distribution of the tensile bond strength of the tested specimens. However, no significant differences of the amount of addition used (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) on the tensile bond strength were observed.

CO2 Emission Analysis of Light Aggregate Concrete Block in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1963-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiong Sun ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The development and application of light aggregate concrete blocks are considered as one of the key issue that promote the energy saving and emission reduction in construction and building materials industries. In this paper, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of light aggregate concrete blocks during the whole life cycle were analyzed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results demonstrated that the amount of GHG emissions of the light aggregate concrete block was 174 kg/m3 in the system boundary of ‘from cradle to gate’. The direct GHG emissions was 51.31 kg/m3 accounting for 28.46% of the aggregate emission, while the indirect GHG emissions was 124 kg/m3. The cement production and the concrete block production were the main contributors to the total emissions. According to the sensitivity analysis, the GHG emissions amount was quite sensitive to the amount of cement and ceramsite consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of Strength of Hollow Concrete Blocks with Holes Reinforced with Half Portion of Coconut Shells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Anu S Das ◽  
Ansu V ◽  
Megha P ◽  
Nithin M Thomas ◽  
Sachin A K
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Arch Action ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Coconut Shells

Natural building materials are diminishing day by day. Hence economical alternatives of natural building materials are necessary for sustainable development. Hollow concrete block was developed to reduce the use of natural building materials. Agricultural waste products like coconut shells from coconut industry have disposal problems causing environmental concerns. Various studies were done in the past, replacing a portion of the natural aggregates with broken coconut shells for manufacturing the hollow concrete blocks. In this study, we have developed a new method of forming the holes of hollow concrete blocks by placing stacks of half portion of coconut shells at the bottom with convex surface upwards to reinforce the holes by arch action. The results show that the coconut shell reinforced hollow concrete blocks have better strength as compared to open-graded hollow concrete blocks available in the market.

Experimental Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Materials Used in Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
Young Sun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Materials Used

The most basic way to keep comfortable indoor environments for a building’s occupants and save energy for space heating and cooling in residential buildings is to insulate the building envelope. Among the building materials to be used, thermal insulation materials primarily influence thermal performance. In particular, the type, thermal conductivity, density, and thickness of heat insulator, are important factors influencing thermal insulation performance. We investigate the design status of residential buildings which were designed in accordance with the building code of Korea and selected the type of thermal insulation materials applied to the walls of buildings. The present study aims at measuring the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials used for building walls of residential buildings. In this study, after collecting the design documents of 129 residential buildings, we investigated the type and thickness of insulation materials on the exterior wall specified in the design documents. As the thermal insulation materials, extruded polystyrene (XPS) board and expanded polystyrene(EPS) board are used the most widely in Korea when designing residential buildings. The thickness of thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior wall was 70mm, most frequently applied to the design. We measured the thermal conductivity and the density of XPS board and EPS board. When the density of XPS and EPS was 30~35 kg/㎥, the thermal conductivity of XPS was 0.0292 W/mK and it of EPS was 0.0316 W/mK.

scholarly journals Dowel Behavior of Rebars in Small Concrete Block for Sliding Slab Track on Railway Bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Sangmin Park ◽  
Jaeha Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Chan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Slab Track ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Sliding Slab

In recent years, several studies have investigated the sliding slab track for railway bridges. In the design of sliding slab tracks, one of the most important considerations is to evaluate the shear capacity of the lateral supporting concrete blocks in which dowel rebars are embedded. The predictions of the dowel behavior of rebars by existing models are considerably different. Therefore, in this study, the actual dowel behavior of the rebars embedded in a small concrete block was extensively investigated through experiments. Test variables were concrete compressive strength, dowel rebar diameter and yield strength, specimen thickness, and dowel rebar spacing. Existing model predictions were considerably different from test results. The maximum dowel force increased as concrete compressive strength and dowel rebar diameter increased, while it did not increase considerably with other test variables. Unlike in existing models, the shear slip at the maximum dowel force decreased as the dowel rebar diameter increased. Existing models significantly underestimated the maximum dowel force of the dowel rebars with small diameters and overestimated it for the dowel rebars with large diameters. This work can be useful for developing a more rational model to represent the actual dowel behavior of the rebars embedded in small concrete blocks.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ENERGI PADA BERBAGAI MATERIAL DINDING (BATA, BATAKO DAN BATA RINGAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Sri Novianthi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Selection Of

In building design, the selection of building materials is one aspect that needs to be considered. Building materials are components that require energy in the manufacturing process. In the process of building material production, the use of energy at each stage becomes one of the parameters of CO2 carbon emission levels. The higher the use of fossil energy, the higher the CO2 emissions and the risk of causing global warming. Bricks, concrete blocks, and lightweight bricks are the types of materials commonly used to make building walls. The selection of wall materials is still largely related to price or aesthetic considerations, but the assessment of the level of environmental friendliness is still lacking in attention. This study tries to analyse the life cycle of energy in wall materials (bricks, concrete blocks and lightweight bricks). From the research results obtained, concrete block is the lowest material in the use of production energy.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Durability of PET waste Aggregates in Roof Tiles Production.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Omosebi Taiwo O ◽  
Noor Faisal Abas
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Global Challenge

Managing plastic waste is a global challenge that challenges the protection of our ecosystem due to its high rate of generation and its non-biodegradability. PWs must, however, be carefully handled to mitigate the emissions involved with their incineration and dumping into landfills. Plastic waste can be recycled into new usable building materials. In this analysis, shredded PET waste aggregate from a recycling center was heated at 230 0C and used as a binding aggregate incomplete replacement of cement with river sand to produce floor tiles. The properties of the aggregate materials and roof tiles (including their distribution of particle size, silt, clay and dust content, relative density, water absorption, porosity, flexural and compressive strength) were tested on different PET waste: sand mixing ratio, 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, and 30%. Results revealed that the tiles produced by 30% PET and 70% river sand (3:7) achieved higher density, flexural and compressive strength than the other percentages of the mixture. The compressive strength of the tiles produced with 30 percent PET waste composition was greater than that of cement concrete (at 28 days of curing) for residential buildings. As a result of this low water absorption and eco-friendliness, PET waste can be used for roof tiles at 30 percent PET substitution based on the test results.

scholarly journals USING ADOBE (CLAY SOIL) MIXED WITH QUARTZ (SHARP SAND) TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN NORTH-MUBI L. G, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
S. K Singh ◽  
H. P Wante ◽  
S. M Ngaram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Made In ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The adobe structure is constructed by using low energy materials like adobe soil and sand etc. Adobe and cob are terms often used to describe sun dried clay materials. Adobe is a Spanish word derived from the Arabic atob, which literally means sun dried bricks.This paper investigated the thermal conductivity of Adobe mixed with Quartz in view of their availability usage as building materials. The thermal conductivities of disc made from Adobe-Quartz chippings were determined, the values obtained were between 0.57Wm-1k-1 and 0.91Wm-1k-1, and these values could be used to identify Adobe-Quartz as one of the engineering materials used in building construction, adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected Adobe-Quartz to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate setting, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Energy reduction was achieved by making the Adobe-Quartz into bricks used as aggregates in walls. Adobe-Quartz was made in disc form of the same thickness and diameter, by proportions of Adobe to Quartz (90:10, 85:15, 80:20), i.e. 10 samples for each ratio. The average values of the thermal conductivities were between 0.07Wm-1k-1 and 0.93Wm-1k-1, the least thermal conductivity value was 0.57Wm-1k-1 for the ratio of (90:10). MATLAB 7.0 and EXCEL software were used in the various computations. An average correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.75 was existed between Adobe-Quartz ratios to thermal conductivities.

Tests Results Strength and Thermophysical Properties of Aerated Concrete Block Wall Samples with the Use of Polyurethane Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 786-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Grinfeld ◽  
Alexsandr S. Gorshkov ◽  
Nikolay I. Vatin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Polyurethane Adhesive ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Block Wall ◽  
Aerated Concrete

This article deals with the strength and thermophysical test results made on the basis of the masonry samples of cellular autoclave curing concrete (aerated concrete blocks) with the use of polyurethane adhesive. Aerated concrete masonry walling with the use of polyurethane adhesive is indicated herein to be technologically feasible and economically viable. The major advantage of the masonry option under consideration lies in the following aspect: thermal conductivity of polyurethane adhesive used to fasten aerated concrete blocks in masonry walls is significantly less than thermal conductivity of concrete adhesives and mortars. For this reason, thermal insulation properties of the masonry with polyurethane adhesive appear to be better comparatively to the block masonry made with the usage of concrete adhesives of any other type. On the ground of the tests conducted the following was resumed: it is acceptable to carry out masonry works with the use of aerated concrete blocks and polyurethane adhesive in construction of exterior and interior nonbearing walls provided appropriate justifying calculations are made.

Embedded Suction Anchors for Mooring of a Floating Breakwater

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Kwag ◽  
I. H. Cho ◽  
S. Bang ◽  
Y. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Floating Breakwater ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Southern Korea

A floating breakwater was built in Southern Korea. Four separate floating breakwater units were moored to ten deeply buried embedded suction anchors. The embedded suction anchor is a type of permanent offshore foundation installed by a suction pile. The cross section of the embedded suction anchor is circular, with its diameter being equal to that of the suction pile that is used to drive it into the seafloor. Vertical flanges are typically added along the circumference to increase its resistance. Determination of the loading capacity and the dimensions of embedded suction anchors are described. Details of the construction and installation of embedded suction anchors, as well as the field proof test results are also discussed. A total of ten steel embedded suction anchors were manufactured and installed successfully. Installation of embedded suction anchors was accomplished with a suction pile attached to its top. Subsequent proof tests validated the design loading capacity of embedded suction anchors. A floating breakwater consisted of four separate units was constructed. Initially, embedded deadweight concrete blocks were considered to moor the floating breakwater units. Later, however, embedded suction anchors replaced the concrete block anchors due to numerous environmental constraints. Each floating unit was anchored with four embedded suction anchors. Field proof tests indicate that the embedded suction anchors can provide necessary resistance against the anticipated wind and wave forces.

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