scholarly journals E-Beam Effects on Poly(Xylitol Dicarboxylate-co-diol Dicarboxylate) Elastomers Tailored by Adjusting Monomer Chain Length

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Marta Piątek-Hnat ◽  
Kuba Bomba ◽  
Janusz P. Kowalski-Stankiewicz ◽  
Jakub Pęksiński ◽  
Agnieszka Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiation Modification ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Fraction Determination

Poly(xylitol dicarboxylate-co-diol dicarboxylate) elastomers can by synthesized using wide variety of monomers with different chain lengths. Obtained materials are all biodegradable, thermally stable elastomers, but their specific properties like glass transition temperature, degradation susceptibility, and mechanical moduli can be tailored for a specific application. Therefore, we synthesized eight elastomers using a combination of two dicarboxylic acids, namely suberic and sebacic acid, and four different diols, namely ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-buanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Materials were further modified by e-beam treatment with a dose of 100 kGy. Materials both before and after radiation modification were tested using tensile tests, gel fraction determination, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Degradation susceptibility to both enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation was also determined.

scholarly journals Physical Effects of Radiation Modification of Biodegradable Xylitol-Based Materials Synthesized Using a Combination of Different Monomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Marta Piątek-Hnat ◽  
Kuba Bomba ◽  
Janusz P. Kowalski-Stankiewicz ◽  
Jakub Pęksiński ◽  
Agnieszka Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Degradation Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiation Modification ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Fraction Determination

There is a possibility of obtaining xylitol-based elastomers sharing common characteristics of biodegradability, thermal stability, and elastomeric behavior by using monomers with different chain-lengths. Therefore, we have synthesized eight elastomers using a combination of four different diols (ethanediol, 1.3-propanediol, 1.4-buanediol, and 1.5-pentanediol) and two different dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid and adipic acid). The obtained materials were further modified by performing e-beam treatment with a dose of 100 kGy. Materials both before and after radiation modification were tested by DSC, DMTA, TGA, tensile tests, gel fraction determination, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation tests, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and FTIR.

scholarly journals Tailoring the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate-co-butylene dicarboxylate) Polyesters by Adjusting the Cross-Linking Time

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Marta Piątek-Hnat ◽  
Paulina Sładkiewicz ◽  
Kuba Bomba ◽  
Jakub Pęksiński ◽  
Agnieszka Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Cross

Determining the cross-linking time resulting in the best achievable properties in elastomers is a very important factor when considering their mass production. In this paper, five biodegradable polymers were synthesized—poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate-co-butylene dicarboxylate) polymers, based on xylitol obtained from renewable sources. Five different dicarboxylic acids with even numbers of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain were used: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Samples were taken directly after polycondensation (prepolymer samples) and at different stages of the cross-linking process. Physiochemical properties were determined by a gel fraction test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quasi-static tensile tests, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and an in vitro biodegradation test. The best cross-linking time was determined to be 288h. Properties and degradation time can be tailored for specific applications by adjusting the dicarboxylic acid chain length.

scholarly journals Study of the Ultraviolet Effect and Thermal Analysis on Polypropylene Nonwoven Geotextile

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Clever Aparecido Valentin ◽  
Marcelo Kobelnik ◽  
Yara Barbosa Franco ◽  
Fernando Luiz Lavoie ◽  
Jefferson Lins da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Nonwoven Geotextile

The use of polymeric materials such as geosynthetics in infrastructure works has been increasing over the last decades, as they bring down costs and provide long-term benefits. However, the aging of polymers raises the question of its long-term durability and for this reason researchers have been studying a sort of techniques to search for the required renewal time. This paper examined a commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwoven geotextile before and after 500 h and 1000 h exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light by performing laboratory accelerated ultraviolet-aging tests. The state of the polymeric material after UV exposure was studied through a wide set of tests, including mechanical and physical tests and thermoanalytical tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The calorimetric evaluations (DSC) showed distinct behaviors in sample melting points, attributed to the UV radiation effect on the aged samples. Furthermore, after exposure, the samples presented low thermal stability in the thermomechanical analysis (TMA), with a continuing decrease in their thicknesses. The tensile tests showed an increase in material stiffness after exposition. This study demonstrates that UV aging has effects on the properties of the polypropylene polymer.

scholarly journals Effect of E-Beam Irradiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ester Elastomers Containing Multifunctional Alcohols

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Piątek-Hnat ◽  
Kuba Bomba ◽  
Jakub Pęksiński ◽  
Agnieszka Kozłowska ◽  
Jacek G. Sośnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Contact

The aim of this work was to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of novel, electron beam-modified ester elastomers containing multifunctional alcohols. Polymers tested in this work consist of two blocks: sebacic acid–butylene glycol block and sebacic acid–sugar alcohol block. Different sugar alcohols were utilized in the polymer synthesis: glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, and mannitol. The polymers have undergone an irradiation procedure. The materials were irradiated with doses of 50 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy. The expected effect of using ionizing radiation was crosslinking process and improvement of the mechanical properties. Additionally, a beneficial side effect of the irradiation process is sterilization of the affected materials. It is also worth noting that the materials described in this paper do not require either sensitizers or cross-linking agent in order to perform radiation modification. Radiation-modified poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) elastomers have been characterized in respect to the mechanical properties (quasi-static tensile tests), cross-link density, thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)), chemical properties: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability (water contact angle). Poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) preopolymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stability of cross-linked materials (directly after synthesis process) was tested with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

scholarly journals Optimization of Thermoplastic Blend Matrix HDPE/PLA with Different Nature and Level of Coupling Agent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Quitadamo ◽  
Valérie Massardier ◽  
Carlo Santulli ◽  
Marco Valente
Keyword(s):  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
The One

High density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) blends with different ratios of both polymers, namely 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30, were produced. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride and a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate, were also proposed as compatibilizers to modify HDPE-PLA optimal blends and were added in the amounts of 1, 3 and 5 wt.%. Blends properties have been evaluated through different aspects by performing tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy to analyze blend morphology and interfaces, and thermomechanical analysis through differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy. The second blend, the one with equal amounts of HDPE and PLA seems to represent a good balance between high amount of bio-derived charge and acceptable mechanical properties. This suggests a good potential of these blends, which would be a good starting point for the production of composites with lingo-cellulosic fillers.

Mechanical Properties of Laser Cut Poly(L-Lactide) Micro-Specimens: Implications for Stent Design, Manufacture, and Sterilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Grabow ◽  
Martin Schlun ◽  
Katrin Sternberg ◽  
Nico Hakansson ◽  
Sven Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Vascular Stents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Solution Cast

Background: The development of endoluminal stents from polymeric materials requires an understanding of the basic mechanical properties of the polymer and the effects of manufacturing and sterilization on those properties. Methods: Pure poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and PLLA containing varying amounts of triethylcitrate (TEC) as a plasticizer (5-10-15%) were studied. The specimens were solution-cast and CO2 laser-cut. Specimen dimensions were adapted to the strut size of polymeric vascular stents. The properties of the PLLA micro-specimens were assessed before and after sterilization (EtO cold gas, H2O2-plasma, beta- and gamma-irradiation). Tensile tests, and creep and recovery tests were carried out at 37°C. Additionally the thermal and thermo-mechanical characteristics were investigated using dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: The results showed the dramatic influence of the plasticizer content and sterilization procedure on the mechanical properties of the material. Laser cutting had a lesser effect. Hence the effects of processing and sterilization must not be overlooked in the material selection and design phases of the development process leading to clinical use. Altogether, the results of these studies provide a clearer understanding of the complex interaction between the laser machining process and terminal sterilization on the primary mechanical properties of PLLA and PLLA plasticized with TEC.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Disks Used for Commercial Orthodontic Aligners: Complete Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Daniele ◽  
Ludovico Macera ◽  
Giuliana Taglieri ◽  
Alessandra Di Giambattista ◽  
Giuseppe Spagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Aesthetic

Invisible orthodontic aligners (IOAs) have been introduced in the orthodontic field as an innovative alternative for fixed brackets, in relation to their ability to be easily inserted/removed from the oral cavity without affecting the chewing ability and the aesthetic of the patients. The paper provides a complete physicochemical and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic materials in the form of disks used for commercial IOAs. A wide palette of specific techniques is considered, from tensile tests and dynamic-mechanical analysis, to X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analyses and water absorption tests. The disks are investigated before and after immersion into staining beverages (red wine, coffee, nicotine and artificial saliva), in terms of colour variations, transparency, and microscopic surface modifications by means of colorimetry, UV-VIS absorbance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among all the samples, polyurethane (PU) exhibited the highest crystallinity and the highest values of mechanical and thermal resistance, while the poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG) samples presented better transparency and less ability to absorb water. Moreover, red wine and coffee give noticeable colour variations after 14 days of immersion, together with a slight reduction of transparency.

Evaluation of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve resistance to degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 2981-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer A Awad ◽  
Christopher M Fellows ◽  
Seyed S Mahini
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposite ◽  
Before And After

The influence of exposure to UV light and moisture on the durability of a multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated. Samples of epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with 2,2,4-trimethylene-1,6-hexadiamine (TMDA), and epoxy nanocomposite containing 0.5% MWCNT were exposed to different accelerated weathering times between one and six months. Changes in surface chemistry, mechanical properties (tensile tests), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), and morphology were evaluated before and after exposure to accelerated weathering for a period of up to six months. Epoxy nanocomposite (DGEBA–TMDA/0.5%MWCNT) samples had improved thermal stability and resistance to degradation, compared to epoxy resin (DGEBA–TMDA). The effect of MWCNT at reducing degradation was more pronounced than previously found for resins prepared with hydrogenated DGEBA.

scholarly journals Optimization of Thermoplastic Blend Matrix HDPE/PLA with Different Types and Levels of Coupling Agents

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Quitadamo ◽  
Valérie Massardier ◽  
Carlo Santulli ◽  
Marco Valente
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Potential

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) blends with different ratios of both polymers, namely, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30, were produced. Polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride and a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate were also considered as compatibilizers to modify HDPE/PLA optimal blends and were added in the amounts of 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Different properties of the blends were evaluated by performing tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy to analyze blend and interfaces morphology. Moreover, thermomechanical analysis through differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy were also performed. The blend containing equal amounts of HDPE and PLA seemed to present a good balance between amount of bio-derived charge and acceptable mechanical properties. This suggests that these blends have a good potential for the production of composites with lingo-cellulosic fillers.

scholarly journals Novel Biodegradable Polyanhydrides Based on Betulin Disuccinate and Sebacic Acid for Medical Purpose

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Daria Niewolik ◽  
Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar ◽  
Piotr Ruszkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Jaszcz
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

The paper describes synthesis and the characterization of novel biodegradable betulin-based polyanhydrides, exhibiting anti-cancer activity. Polyanhydrides were obtained by a melt polycondensation of a disuccinate betulin (3,28-di-O-succinyl betulin) and sebacic acid with the use of acetic anhydride. Mentioned polyanhydrides were then thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and FT-IR spectroscopy. The content of sebacic acid in obtained copolymers was from 20 to 80 wt%. The use of sebacic acid as a comonomer increases the crystallinity of polymers. Under physiological conditions copolymers undergo hydrolytic degradation to betulin disuccinate, whose biological activity is known and confirmed and to sebacic acid approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in drug delivery systems. Polyanhydrides were also tested for cytostatic activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines (HeLa, A-549, U-87MG, KB and HepG2), proving its efficiency in inhibiting the growth of selected cell lines. Obtained polymers can be used as carriers in drug delivery system, in form of microspheres. Microspheres with diameter within the range of Dn = 15–30 µm were prepared by using emulsion (O/W) solvent evaporation method.

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