scholarly journals Beneficial Influence of Water-Soluble PEG-Functionalized C60 Fullerene on Human Osteoblast Growth In Vitro

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Grazyna Ginalska ◽  
Andrzej Kaim
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Water

The purpose of this study was to make an initial assessment of new PEG (polyethylene glycol)-functionalized C60 fullerene derivative for potential bone tissue engineering applications. Thus, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry measurement were performed. Moreover, cell culture experiments in vitro were carried out using normal human osteoblasts. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test as well as by fluorescent staining. It was demonstrated that resultant derivative possessed good solubility in water, high temperature stability, and retained favorable electron accepting properties of C60 fullerene core. Most important, new fullerene derivatives at low concentrations did not exhibit cytotoxic effect and supported osteoblast proliferation compared to control. Thanks to all mentioned properties of new PEG-functionalized C60 fullerene derivative, it seems that it could be used as a component of polymer-based bone scaffolds in order to enhance their biological properties.

Comparative Assessment of Sporophyte and Gametophyte Thermal Resistance of Winter Rape

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Temperature Factor ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
High Yields

The temperature factor is one of the limiting factors for obtaining high yields of crops, so one of the main tasks of selection is to search for temperature-resistant genotypes and to create on their basis the banks of crops with high temperature stability. The first step to solving this problem is to conduct a rapid assessment of the temperature plasticity of large populations and to isolate breeding-valuable genotypes from them. There are numerous methods that allow, in the short term with minimal technical and material costs, to carry out an initial assessment of a large number of genotypes at sporophytic level and differentiate them by resistance to the temperature factor. These methods include the method of estimating pollen populations. These studies have repeatedly been conducted on many cultures, their correctness is due to the expression of a large part of the plant genome, both at the diploid and haploid levels of development and demonstrated by many studies in this direction. The aim of our study was to study the stability of gametophyte and sporophyte of collecting varieties and varieties of winter rape to elevated temperatures, to study the correlation between the heat resistance of sporophyte and gametophyte.

scholarly journals Influence of the Active Layer Structure on the Photovoltaic Performance of Water-Soluble Polythiophene-Based Solar Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Lanzi ◽  
Debora Quadretti ◽  
Martina Marinelli ◽  
Yasamin Ziai ◽  
Elisabetta Salatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency ◽  
Single Material

A new side-chain C60-fullerene functionalized thiophene copolymer bearing tributylphosphine-substituted hexylic lateral groups was successfully synthesized by means of a fast and effective post-polymerization reaction on a regioregular ω-alkylbrominated polymeric precursor. The growth of the polymeric intermediate was followed by NMR spectrometry in order to determine the most convenient reaction time. The obtained copolymer was soluble in water and polar solvents and was used as a photoactive layer in single-material organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells. The copolymer photovoltaic efficiency was compared with that of an OPV cell containing a water-soluble polythiophenic homopolymer, functionalized with the same tributylphosphine-substituted hexylic side chains, in a blend with a water-soluble C60-fullerene derivative. The use of a water-soluble double-cable copolymer made it possible to enhance the control on the nanomorphology of the active blend, thus reducing phase-segregation phenomena, as well as the macroscale separation between the electron acceptor and donor components. Indeed, the power conversion efficiency of OPV cells based on a single material was higher than that obtained with the classical architecture, involving the presence of two distinct ED and EA materials (PCE: 3.11% vs. 2.29%, respectively). Moreover, the synthetic procedure adopted to obtain single material-based cells is more straightforward and easier than that used for the preparation of the homopolymer-based BHJ solar cell, thus making it possible to completely avoid the long synthetic pathway which is required to prepare water-soluble fullerene derivatives.

scholarly journals Influences of Molecular Weights on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Collagen-Alginate Scaffolds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truc Cong Ho ◽  
Jin-Seok Park ◽  
Sung-Yeoul Kim ◽  
Hoyeol Lee ◽  
Ju-Sop Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Molecular Weights

For tissue engineering applications, biodegradable scaffolds containing high molecular weights (MW) of collagen and sodium alginate have been developed and characterized. However, the properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds have not been studied in previous research. This work examined the distinctive properties of low MW collagen-based scaffolds with alginate unmodified and modified by subcritical water. Besides, we developed a facile method to cross-link water-soluble scaffolds using glutaraldehyde in an aqueous ethanol solution. The prepared cross-linked scaffolds showed good structural properties with high porosity (~93%) and high cross-linking degree (50–60%). Compared with collagen (6000 Da)-based scaffolds, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds exhibited higher stability against collagenase degradation and lower weight loss in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate tended to improve antioxidant capacity compared with scaffolds containing unmodified alginate. Interestingly, in vitro coagulant activity assay demonstrated that collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate (C25-A63 and C25-A21) significantly reduced the clotting time of human plasma compared with scaffolds consisting of unmodified alginate. Although some further investigations need to be done, collagen (25,000 Da)-based scaffolds with modified alginate should be considered as a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications.

The effect of a benzodiazepine, flurazepam, on the response of in vitro skeletal muscle preparations to muscle relaxants: are purines or their receptors involved?

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Hamilton ◽  
Peggy A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Partial Blockade

Changing trends in the use of anxiolytic agents and recent reassessment of their neuropharmacological activity has prompted this evaluation of the peripheral neuromuscular activity of the benzodiazepine, flurazepam. In previous reports we have documented peripheral neuromuscular activity of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam on the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The water soluble benzodiazepine, flurazepam, has been studied on the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and frog rectus abdominis in vitro. On the former preparation flurazepam enhanced and then blocked the response to indirect electrical stimulation (0.2 Hz) and readily blocked posttetanic potentiation and prevented the preparation from sustaining a tetanic contracture (30 Hz). On the later preparation, flurazepam blocked in a noncompetitive manner the response of the frog muscle to applied cholinergic agonists. Studies on the rat preparation with the neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine have shown an unexpected protection against blockade in preparations pretreated with low concentrations of flurazepam. This was not observed when flurazepam was given prior to d-tubocurarinc. The application of adenosine to rat diaphragms during steady-state partial blockade caused by flurazepam or d-tubocurarine showed an inhibiting action of adenosine which was reversed by theophylline. Pretreatment of rat preparations with dipyridamole significantly enhanced the blocking action of standard concentrations of succinylcholine.These results, along with those in the literature, encourage a reassessment of the action of purines and benzodiazepines on skeletal muscle and encourage a consideration of a possible involvement of purinergic neuromodulation of transmission which is unmasked when the safety factor for transmission is altered by muscle relaxants. The possible clinical significance of protection against succinylcholine by benzodiazepines is noted.

scholarly journals A nanocomplex of C60 fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1494-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Prylutska ◽  
Svitlana Politenkova ◽  
Kateryna Afanasieva ◽  
Volodymyr Korolovych ◽  
Kateryna Bogutska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Blast Transformation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Resting Lymphocytes ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

The self-organization of C60 fullerene and cisplatin in aqueous solution was investigated using the computer simulation, dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results evidence the complexation between the two compounds. The genotoxicity of С60 fullerene, Cis and their complex was evaluated in vitro with the comet assay using human resting lymphocytes and lymphocytes after blast transformation. The cytotoxicity of the mentioned compounds was estimated by Annexin V/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry. The results clearly demonstrate that water-soluble C60 fullerene nanoparticles (0.1 mg/mL) do not induce DNA strand breaks in normal and transformed cells. C60 fullerene in the mixture with Cis does not influence genotoxic Cis activity in vitro, affects the cell-death mode in treated resting human lymphocytes and reduces the fraction of necrotic cells.

scholarly journals Biological and antimicrobial properties of the association Ambroxol and a water-soluble viscous liquid as a vehicle for a tricalcium silicate-based sealer

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Índia Olinta de Azevedo Queiroz ◽  
Thiago Machado ◽  
Camila Carneiro Alves ◽  
Victor Gustavo Balera Brito ◽  
Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biological properties of Ambroxol associated with glycerin (GLI), propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a possible vehicle for an experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, with the intention of developing a new biomaterial. Mouse undifferentiated dental pulp cells (OD-21) were cultured, and the effects of different association on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production were investigated. Antimicrobial adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to setting sealers at 2 h was evaluated. Polyethylene tubes containing experimental sealers and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissues of 12 male 3- to 4-months-old Wistar rats (250–280 g). After 7 and 30 days, the tubes were removed and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction and ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used for parametric data and Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn for nonparametric (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation was dose-dependent, since all association were cytotoxic at higher concentrations; however, Ambroxol–PEG showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than other association (p < 0.05). In addition, irrespective of the association, no cytokine production was observed in vitro. Ambroxol–GLI reduced bacterial viability, whereas Ambroxol–PEG increased (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed no significant difference in the inflammatory response (p > 0.05) and mineralization ability in all association. Additionally, IL-1β and TNF-α were upregulated on Ambroxol–PEG in relation to Control at 07 days (p < 0.05). Ambroxol–GLI was the best vehicle for experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, as it promoted an increase in antimicrobial activity without altering the inflammatory response or mineralization ability.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ursolic Acid-Enriched Water-Soluble and Not Cytotoxic Nanoparticles against Enterococci

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1976
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Schito ◽  
Debora Caviglia ◽  
Gabriella Piatti ◽  
Alessia Zorzoli ◽  
Danilo Marimpietri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Time Kill

Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid acid found in many medicinal plants and aromas, is known for its antibacterial effects against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria, which seriously threaten human health. Unfortunately, UA water-insolubility, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity limit the possibilities of its application in vivo. Consequently, the beneficial activities of UA observed in vitro lose their potential clinical relevance unless water-soluble, not cytotoxic UA formulations are developed. With a nano-technologic approach, we have recently prepared water-soluble UA-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles (UA-G4K NPs) non-cytotoxic on HeLa cells, with promising physicochemical properties for their clinical applications. In this work, with the aim of developing a new antibacterial agent based on UA, UA-G4K has been tested on different strains of the Enterococcus genus, including marine isolates, toward which UA-G4K has shown minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) very low (0.5–4.3 µM), regardless of their resistance to antibiotics. Time-kill experiments, in addition to confirming the previously reported bactericidal activity of UA against E. faecium, also established it for UA-G4K. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments on human keratinocytes revealed that nanomanipulation of UA significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of UA, providing UA-G4K NPs with very high LD50 (96.4 µM) and selectivity indices, which were in the range 22.4–192.8, depending on the enterococcal strain tested. Due to its physicochemical and biological properties, UA-G4K could be seriously evaluated as a novel oral-administrable therapeutic option for tackling difficult-to-treat enterococcal infections.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Synthesis of a Novel Bioactive Ginsenoside Using UDP-Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis 168

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Hu ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yingying Qu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Juankun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis 168

Ginsenoside Rg3 is a bioactive compound from Panax ginseng and exhibits diverse notable biological properties. Glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) is the final biosynthetic step of ginsenoside Rg3 and determines its diverse pharmacological activities. In the present study, promiscuous UGT Bs-YjiC from Bacillus subtilis 168 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified via one-step nickel chelate affinity chromatography. The in vitro glycosylation reaction demonstrated Bs-Yjic could selectively glycosylate the C12 hydroxyl group of ginsenoside Rg3 to synthesize an unnatural ginsenoside Rd12. Ginsenoside Rd12 was about 40-fold more water-soluble than that of ginsenoside Rg3 (90 μM). Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rd12 against diverse cancer cells was much stronger than that of ginsenoside Rg3. Our studies report the UGT-catalyzed synthesis of unnatural ginsenoside Rd12 for the first time. Ginsenoside Rd12 with antiproliferative activity might be further exploited as a potential anticancer drug.

Influence of water soluble fillers in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose matrices on in vitro and in vivo drug release

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Sako ◽  
Toyohiro Sawada ◽  
Hiroshi Nakashima ◽  
Shigeharu Yokohama ◽  
Takashi Sonobe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Influence Of Water

scholarly journals Cationic Phenosafranin Photosensitizers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes for Inactivation of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13373
Author(s):  
Krystyna Rozga-Wijas ◽  
Irena Bak-Sypien ◽  
Katarzyna Turecka ◽  
Magdalena Narajczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Waleron
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
A Site ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Covalent Conjugates

The high photodynamic effect of the Newman strain of the S. aureus and of clinical strains of S. aureus MRSA 12673 and E. coli 12519 are observed for new cationic light-activated phenosafranin polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) conjugates in vitro. Killing of bacteria was achieved at low concentrations of silsesquioxanes (0.38 µM) after light irradiation (λem. max = 522 nm, 10.6 mW/cm2) for 5 min. Water-soluble POSS-photosensitizers are synthesized by chemically coupling a phenosafranin dye (PSF) (3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazine chloride) to an inorganic silsesquioxane cage activated by attachment of succinic anhydride rings. The chemical structure of conjugates is confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, HRMS, IR, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-VIS analyzes. The APDI and daunorubicin (DAU) synergy is investigated for POSSPSFDAU conjugates. Confocal microscopy experiments indicate a site of intracellular accumulation of the POSSPSF, whereas iBuPOSSPSF and POSSPSFDAU accumulate in the cell wall or cell membrane. Results from the TEM study show ruptured S. aureus cells with leaking cytosolic mass and distorted cells of E. coli. Bacterial cells are eradicated by ROS produced upon irradiation of the covalent conjugates that can kill the bacteria by destruction of cellular membranes, intracellular proteins and DNA through the oxidative damage of bacteria.

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