scholarly journals Studies of Resistance of PP/Natural Filler Polymer Composites to Decomposition Caused by Fungi

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Anna Włodarczyk-Fligier ◽  
Magdalena Polok-Rubiniec
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Natural Filler ◽  
Walnut Shell Flour ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

The article discusses the grain morphology of the natural filler from hazelnut and walnut shell flour. It was observed that the geometry of both meals is similar to each other and resembles uneven balls in shape. The heterogeneity and well-developed outer surface of the flour grains allow for filling the voids with the polymer matrix. The analysis of the surface of the SEM images allowed to observe the presence of natural filler flour grains in the entire volume of the produced polymer composites, uneven distribution and small agglomerates, as well as the presence of voids, distributed in the matrix and in the matrix/filler interface. As a result of the visual evaluation of the activity of microorganisms (mycelium) on the surface of the produced polymer composite materials PP/hazelnut and walnut shell flour with a different % share, different fraction, it was found that the best fungistatic effect was shown by the samples marked with the symbol hazelnut at the fraction 315–443 µm. The least fungistatic material was found to be the samples with walnut shell meal filler at the fraction 315–443 µm (F2 and F4), on which the microorganisms achieved significant growth (more than 50% of the test area). The highest value of contact angle was obtained for samples with hazelnut filler fraction 315–443 (C2 and C4), which also confirms its best fungistatic effect.

Effect of graphene nano-platelets on mechanical and impact characteristics of carbon/Kevlar reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110168
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alsaadi ◽  
Bashar Younus ◽  
Ahmet Erklig ◽  
Mehmet Bulut ◽  
Omer Bozkurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Impact Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hybrid Carbon ◽  
Composite Samples

The influence of various graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) content on the tensile, flexural and Charpy impact characteristics of carbon, Kevlar and hybrid carbon/Kevlar fibers reinforced epoxy matrix composites was investigated. Both of composite configurations as carbon and Kevlar at outer and core skins were experimentally tested. The SEM images for flexural specimens were taken to observe the adhesion mechanism of GnPs particles with fiber/epoxy system. It is found that hybridization with Kevlar layers is contributed a positive effect on the hybrid carbon/Kevlar laminate structures in terms of tensile, flexural and impact behaviour. The incorporation of GnPs particles in hybrid and non-hybrid composite samples results in significant improvements in tensile, flexural and impact properties, and the greatest improvement occurs within the GnPs particle content of 0.1 and 0.25 wt%, indicating that the interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fibers is better due to the large surface area of the GnPs and the good entanglement between the GnPs layers and the matrix chains. The samples of impact test are experimented for edgewise and flatwise directions.

Development of bamboo polymer composites with improved impact resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110093
Author(s):  
RM Abhilash ◽  
GS Venkatesh ◽  
Shakti Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Bamboo Fibre ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Major Criterion ◽  
Pp Composites

Reinforcing thermoplastic polymers with natural fibres tends to improve tensile and flexural strength but adversely affect elongation and impact strength. This limits the application of such composites where toughness is a major criterion. In the present work, bamboo fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared with bamboo fibre content varying from 30% to 50% with improved impact resistance. Homopolymer and copolymer PP were used as the matrix polymer and an elastomer was used (10% by wt.) as an additive in the formulation. Copolymer based composites exhibited superior elongation and impact strength as compared to homopolymer based composites. The adverse impact of elastomer on tensile and flexural strength was more pronounced in homopolymer based composites. The study suggested that the properties of the bamboo composites can be tailored to suit different applications by varying reinforcement and elastomer percentage.

scholarly journals Characterization of continuous Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre reinforced epoxy composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096739112110609
Author(s):  
Atik Mubarak Kazi ◽  
Ramasastry DVA
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Neat Epoxy ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
The Matrix

The influence of fibre orientation on physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre composites has been studied. The composites with longitudinal (0°), transverse (90°) and inclined (45°) fibre orientation were prepared using the hand layup technique. ASTM standards were used for characterization of continuous Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre composites. The composite with longitudinally placed fibres yields improved mechanical characteristics. The addition of longitudinal (0°) oriented continuous Hibiscus sabdariffa fibres to the epoxy enhances tensile strength by 460%, flexural strength by 160% and impact strength by 603% compared to neat epoxy. The longitudinal (0°) fibre oriented composite offers higher resistance to water absorption and thickness swelling compared to other types of composites. All continuous Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre epoxy composites possess an improved storage modulus than the neat epoxy resin. The glass transition temperature of continuous Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre composites is 8%–31% lower than that of neat epoxy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the existence of voids in the matrix, fibre pullout and crack propagation near the fibre bundle, which indicates the stress transfer between fibre and matrix is non-uniform.

Self-Repairing Approaches for Resin Infused Composites Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molefi Motuku ◽  
Gregg M. Janowski ◽  
Uday K. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Fiber Failure ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Damaged Zone ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Copper Tubing

Abstract Low velocity impact response (LVIR) of glass reinforced polymer composites (GRPCs), which have the potential to self repair both micro- and macro-damage, has been investigated. This class of materials falls under the category of passive smart polymer composites. The self-repairing mechanism is achieved through the incorporation of hollow fibers in addition to the normal solid reinforcing fibers. The hollow fibers store the damage-repairing solution or chemicals that are released into the matrix or damaged zone upon fiber failure. Plain-weave S-2 glass fabric reinforcement, DERAKANE vinyl ester 411-C50 and EPON-862 epoxy resin systems were considered for this study. Different tubing materials were investigated for potential use for storing the repairing chemicals instead of the actual hollow repair-fibers and included borosilicate glass micro-capillary pipets, flint glass Pasteur pipets, copper tubing and aluminum tubing. Composite panels were fabricated by using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. The present investigation addressed fabrication of self-repairing composite panels, the processing quality, selection of storage material for the repairing solution and, release and transportation of repairing solution.

Enhancing the mechanical properties of bismaleimide resin with montmorillonite modified by two intercalators (amino-terminated polyoxypropylene and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Chen ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Yulong Liu ◽  
Hongyue CHU
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Bismaleimide Resin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix

Purpose Bismaleimide (BMI) is a kind of thermosetting resin and its application is usually limited by low toughness. In this paper, two kinds of reinforcement intercalator amino-terminated polyoxypropylene (POP) and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) were designed and synthesized to toughen BMI resin and the toughening effect was compared and analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to toughen BMI resin and analyze the toughening effect of two reinforcements intercalator amino-terminated polyoxypropylene (POP) and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC). Design/methodology/approach Sodium-based montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was modified by POP and OTAC, and the ion-exchange reaction obtained organic montmorillonite (POP-MMT and OTAC-MMT). The polymer matrix (MBAE) was synthesized, in which 4,4’-diamino diphenyl methane BMI was used as the monomer and 3,3’-diallyl bisphenol A and bisphenol A diallyl ether were used as active diluents. And then, POP-MMT/MBAE and OTAC-MMT/MBAE composites were prepared using MBAE as matrix and POP-MMT or OTAC-MMT as reinforcement. The Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the filler and microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were characterized to the better reinforcement. Findings POP-MMT and OTAC-MMT enhanced BMI-cured products’ toughness by generating microcracks in the polymer to absorb more fracture energy. Meanwhile, POP-MMT and OTAC-MMT were the main stress components and the enhancement of the interface interaction was beneficial to transfer the external force from the matrix to the reinforcement and improved the mechanical properties of the composite. Furthermore, with the intercalation rate increasing, the compatibility of the two phases was increased and the performance of MBAE was also elevated. Research limitations/implications BMI is generally used as aerospace structural materials, functional materials, impregnating paint and other fields. However, high crosslinking density leads to moulding material’s brittleness and limits a wider range of applications. Therefore, it has become an urgent priority to explore and improve the mechanical properties of BMI resin. Originality/value POP and OTAC have successfully intercalated Na-MMT layers to get POP-MMT and OTAC-MMT, and the interplanar crystal spacing and the intercalation rate were calculated, respectively. The results were corresponding with the SEM images of POP-MMT and OTAC-MMT. After that, the morphology of composites illustrated the compatibility was related to the intercalation rate. According to the mechanism of modified MMT toughening epoxy resin, when they were dispersed uniformly in the matrix, the composite’s mechanical properties had been significantly improved. Additionally, OTAC-MMT with a higher intercalation rate had better compatibility and interfacial force with the matrix, so that the mechanical properties of OTAC-MMT/MBAE were the best.

Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Rokki Manurung ◽  
Sutan Simanjuntak ◽  
Jesayas Sembiring ◽  
Richard A.M. Napitupulu ◽  
Suriady Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bamboo Fibers ◽  
Reinforcing Material

Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.

Study on the preparation and properties of polyamide/chitosan nanocomposite fabricated by electrospinning method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Fazeli ◽  
Faegheh Fazeli ◽  
Tamrin Nuge ◽  
Omid Abdoli ◽  
Shokooh Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Amine Groups

Abstract The principal intention of this work is to fabricate and characterize the polyamide/chitosan nanocomposite by a novel single solvent method through the electrospinning procedure. The thermal properties and morphology of prepared nanocomposite are studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). TGA exposed that the primary decomposition temperature is reduced with rising of chitosan content in the nanocomposites and origin disintegration temperature for polyamide/chitosan nanocomposites is perceived to be in the range from 300 to 500°C. Also, FE-SEM images demonstrated that the nanofibers of chitosan have good adhesion on the matrix and are well-oriented. Besides, the crystallinity and structural characteristics of the polyamide/chitosan nanocomposites are investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The results of XRD proved that the successful blending of chitosan in polyamide is achieved via the electrospinning method. FT-IR results demonstrate that the nanofibers are consist of amine groups. Also, the electrical properties of the nanocomposite improved with the increasing content of chitosan and the conductivity of the polyamide/chitosan 5 wt% demonstrates the maximum current of 0.3 nA. Besides, the sheet resistance of the composite reduced 118 to 20 × 109 Ω with raising the chitosan volume from 0 to 5 wt%.

scholarly journals Functional Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Polyolefins: A Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Pypeć ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Elzbieta Piesowicz
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Polymer Hybrid ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Structure Properties

For the last twenty years, polymer hybrid nanocomposites have enjoyed unflagging interest from numerous scientific groups and R&D departments, as they provide notable enhancement of properties, even at low nanofillers’ content. Their performance results from many factors, the most important of which is the uniform distribution in the entire volume of the matrix, that still is very challenging, but is the right choice of two types of nanoparticles that can lead to an increase of dispersion stability and even more uniform distribution of fillers. The incorporation of two types of nanofillers, especially when they differ in aspect ratio or chemical nature, allows to additively reduce the price of the final composite by replacing the more expensive filler with the cheaper one, or even synergistically improving the properties, e.g., mechanical, thermal, and barrier, etc., that can extend their usage in the industry. Despite numerous review papers on nanocomposites, there is no review on how the introduction of a hybrid system of nanofillers affects the properties of polyolefins, which are the most commonly used engineering plastics. This review deeply focuses on the structure–properties relationship of polyolefins-based hybrid nanocomposites, especially based on two types of polyethylenes (low-density polyethylenes (LDPE) and high-density polyethylenes (HDPE)) and polypropylene.

scholarly journals Interfacial Engineering of Graphene Nanosheets at MgO Particles for Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Polymer Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Pan ◽  
Miaomiao He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yi Hou ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Thermally Conducting

An important task in facilitating the development of thermally conducting graphene/polymer nanocomposites is to suppress the intrinsically strong intersheet π-π stacking of graphene, and thereby to improve the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene in the matrix. Here, a pre-programmed intercalation approach to realize the in situ growth of graphene nanosheets at the inorganic template is demonstrated. Specifically, microsized MgO granules with controlled geometrical size were synthesized using a precipitation method, allowing the simultaneous realization of high surface activity. In the presence of a carbon and nitrogen source, the MgO granules were ready to induce the formation of graphene nanosheets (G@MgO), which allowed for the creation of tenacious linkages between graphene and template. More importantly, the incorporation of G@MgO into polymer composites largely pushed up the thermal conductivity, climbing from 0.39 W/m∙K for pristine polyethylene to 8.64 W/m∙K for polyethylene/G@MgO (60/40). This was accompanied by the simultaneous promotion of mechanical properties (tensile strength of around 30 MPa until 40 wt % addition of G@MgO), in contrast to the noteworthy decline of tensile strength for MgO-filled composites with over 20 wt.% fillers.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Natural Intralaminar Hybrid Composites Based on Sisal

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre L. Pereira ◽  
Mariana D. Banea ◽  
Jorge S.S. Neto ◽  
Daniel K.K. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
American Society ◽  
Curaua Fibers

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of hybridization on the mechanical and thermal properties of intralaminar natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites based on sisal. Ramie, sisal and curauá fibers were selected as natural fiber reinforcements for the epoxy matrix based composites, which were produced by the hand lay-up technique. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were carried out according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards to characterize the hybrid composites, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the thermal properties. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by hybridization of sisal based composites. The thermal analysis showed that the hybridization did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the composites. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface of the tested specimens. The SEM images showed a brittle fracture of the matrix and fiber breakage near the matrix.

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