scholarly journals Urethane Dimethacrylate Influences the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus Mutans

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Kyungsun Kim ◽  
Jeong Nam Kim ◽  
Bum-Soon Lim ◽  
Sug-Joon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate ◽  
Biofilm Development

Concerns regarding unbound monomers in dental composites have increased with the increased usage of these materials. This study assessed the biological effects of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), a common monomer component of dental composite resins, on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans. Changes in the growth rate, biofilm formation, interaction with saliva, surface hydrophobicity, adhesion, glucan synthesis, sugar transport, glycolytic profiles, and oxidative- and acid-stress tolerances of S. mutans were evaluated after growing the cells in the presence and absence of UDMA. The results indicated that UDMA promotes the adhesion of S. mutans to the underlying surfaces and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, leading to enhanced biofilm formation. Furthermore, UDMA reduced the acid tolerance of S. mutans, but enhanced its tolerance to oxidative stress, thus favoring the early stage of biofilm development. UDMA did not significantly affect the viability or planktonic growth of cells, but diminished the ability of S. mutans to metabolize carbohydrates and thus maintain the level of intracellular polysaccharides, although the tendency for sugar transport increased. Notably, UDMA did not significantly alter the interactions of bacterial cells with saliva. This study suggests that UDMA may potentially contribute to the development of secondary caries around UDMA-containing dental materials by prompting biofilm formation, enhancing oxidative tolerance, and modulating carbon flow.

Effect of Bisphenol A Glycol Methacrylate on Virulent Properties of Streptococcus mutans UA159

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungsun Kim ◽  
Jung-Sub An ◽  
Bum-Soon Lim ◽  
Sug-Joon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Glucan Synthesis ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium ◽  
Biofilm Development

Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), which is released into the oral environment by dental composites through incomplete polymerization, hydrolysis, and mechanical degradation, can significantly influence oral ecology around resin-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate how bis-GMA changes the virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterium in humans. The results show that bis-GMA not only inhibited the planktonic growth of cells in medium containing glucose, fructose, or mannose, but also reduced the viability of S. mutans. However, the presence of bis-GMA increased sugar transport and intracellular polysaccharide accumulation in S. mutans, thereby increasing the potential of cell persistence. In addition, bis-GMA could enhance S. mutans’s adhesion to hard surfaces and glucan synthesis, which could contribute to biofilm formation. Although free bis-GMA made cells vulnerable to acidic stress, it also provided increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide, which might confer an advantage in competition with other oral microorganisms during the early stage of biofilm development. Interestingly, the presence of bis-GMA did not change the ability of S. mutans to interact with saliva. The results suggest that leachable bis-GMA could contribute to biofilm-related secondary dental caries at the marginal interface between resin-based materials and teeth by altering the virulent properties of S. mutans, although bis-GMA reduced the planktonic growth and viability of S. mutans.

scholarly journals Effects of pH on the Properties of Membrane Vesicles Including Glucosyltransferase in Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Yusuke Iwabuchi ◽  
Tomoyo Nakamura ◽  
Yasuka Kusumoto ◽  
Ryoma Nakao ◽  
Tsutomu Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Biofilm Development

Streptococcus mutans releases membrane vesicles (MVs) and induces MV-dependent biofilm formation. Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are bound to MVs and contribute to the adhesion and glucans-dependent biofilm formation of early adherent bacteria on the tooth surface. The biofilm formation of S. mutans may be controlled depending on whether the initial pH tends to be acidic or alkaline. In this study, the characteristics and effects of MVs extracted from various conditions {(initial pH 6.0 and 8.0 media prepared with lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA), and with NaOH (NO), respectively)} on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and early adherent bacteria were investigated. The quantitative changes in glucans between primary pH 6.0 and 8.0 conditions were observed, associated with different activities affecting MV-dependent biofilm formation. The decreased amount of Gtfs on MVs under the initial pH 6.0 conditions strongly guided low levels of MV-dependent biofilm formation. However, in the initial pH 6.0 and 8.0 solutions prepared with AA and NO, the MVs in the biofilm appeared to be formed by the expression of glucans and/or extracellular DNA. These results suggest that the environmental pH conditions established by acid and alkaline factors determine the differences in the local pathogenic activities of biofilm development in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Suppressive Effects of Octyl Gallate on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity, and Gene Expression

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vika Gabe ◽  
Tomas Kacergius ◽  
Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽  
Mouhammad Zeidan ◽  
Basheer Abu-Farich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Expression Change ◽  
Biofilm Development

The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on hard tooth tissues leads to dental caries, which remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases. Hence, the development of new antibiofilm agents is of critical importance. The current study reports the results from testing the effectiveness of octyl gallate (C8-OG) against: (1) S. mutans biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass), (2) acidogenicity, (3) and the expression of biofilm-related genes. The amount of biofilm formed by S. mutans bacteria was evaluated using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured with microelectrode. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of genes encoding glucan binding protein B (gbpB), glucosyltransferases B, -C, -D (gtfB, -C, -D), and the F-ATPase β subunit of the F1 protein (atpD). The results show that C8-OG significantly diminished biofilm formation by exposed S. mutans on solid surfaces and suppressed acidogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, compared to unexposed bacteria (p < 0.05). The C8-OG concentration of 100.24 µM inhibited S. mutans biofilm development on solid surfaces by 100% and prevented a decrease in pH levels by 99%. In addition, the RT-qPCR data demonstrate that the biofilm-producing bacteria treated with C8-OG underwent a significant reduction in gene expression in the case of the four genes under study (gbpB, gtfC, gtfD, and atpD), and there was a slight decrease in expression of the gtfB gene. However, C8-OG treatments did not produce significant expression change compared to the control for the planktonic cells, although there was a significant increase for the atpD gene. Therefore, C8-OG might be a potent antibiofilm and/or anticaries agent for oral formulations that aim to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

scholarly journals Role of the Streptococcus mutans irvA Gene in GbpC-Independent, Dextran-Dependent Aggregation and Biofilm Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7037-7043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhu ◽  
Dragana Ajdić ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
David Lynch ◽  
Justin Merritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Small Aggregation

ABSTRACT Dextran-dependent aggregation (DDAG) of Streptococcus mutans is an in vitro phenomenon that is believed to represent a property of the organism that is beneficial for sucrose-dependent biofilm development. GbpC, a cell surface glucan-binding protein, is responsible for DDAG in S. mutans when cultured under defined stressful conditions. Recent reports have described a putative transcriptional regulator gene, irvA, located just upstream of gbpC, that is normally repressed by the product of an adjacent gene, irvR. When repression of irvA is relieved, there is a resulting increase in the expression of GbpC and decreases in competence and synthesis of the antibiotic mutacin I. This study examined the role of irvA in DDAG and biofilm formation by engineering strains that overexpressed irvA (IrvA+) on an extrachromosomal plasmid. The IrvA+ strain displayed large aggregation particles that did not require stressful growth conditions. A novel finding was that overexpression of irvA in a gbpC mutant background retained a measure of DDAG, albeit very small aggregation particles. Biofilms formed by the IrvA+ strain in the parental background possessed larger-than-normal microcolonies. In a gbpC mutant background, the overexpression of irvA reversed the fragile biofilm phenotype normally associated with loss of GbpC. Real-time PCR and Northern blot analyses found that expression of gbpC did not change significantly in the IrvA+ strain but expression of spaP, encoding the major surface adhesin P1, increased significantly. Inactivation of spaP eliminated the small-particle DDAG. The results suggest that IrvA promotes DDAG not only by GbpC, but also via an increase in P1.

Bioinspired surfaces to delay biofilm formation: different surfaces with different mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Rose Petal

&lt;p&gt;Biofilm associated infections are the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, within the U.S. about 2 million annual cases lead to more than $5 billion USD in added medical costs per annum. Therefore, it is important to control biofilm growth and reduce the instances of infections.&amp;#160; Physical strategies, in particular the use of rationally designed surface topographies or surface energies, have present us with an interesting approach to prevent bacterial adherence and biofilm growth without the requirement for antimicrobials.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A variety of natural surfaces exhibit antibacterial properties. Examples of such surfaces include rose petals with hierarchical structures and Nepenthes pitcher plants with slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this study, we fabricated different &amp;#160;biomimetic surfaces (rose-petal surfaces and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces). &amp;#160;&amp;#160;We have demonstrated that rose-petal surface can delay early stage P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms formation (2 days) by about 70% and control&amp;#160; biofilm &amp;#160;formation according to surface structures.&amp;#160; The mechanisms of hierarchical structures &amp;#160;of rose-petal influence biofilm formation are two folds: 1) Papillae microstructure block &amp;#160;the bacterial clusters in between the valleys, limiting the potential for cell-cell communication via fibrous networks, thereby resulting in impaired biofilm growth. 2) The secondary structure (nano-folds) on microstructures can align bacterial cells within the constrained grooves, thereby delaying cell clusters formation during short term growth of biofilm.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;While, the slippery liquid-infused porous surface(s) can prevent over 90% P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilms formation for a duration of 6 days.&amp;#160; These are mainly attributed to their high contact angle and extreme low contact angle hysteresis.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Mat fimbriae promote biofilm formation by meningitis-associated Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 2408-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo A. Lehti ◽  
Philippe Bauchart ◽  
Johanna Heikkinen ◽  
Jörg Hacker ◽  
Timo K. Korhonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Biofilm Development

The mat (or ecp) fimbrial operon is ubiquitous and conserved in Escherichia coli, but its functions remain poorly described. In routine growth media newborn meningitis isolates of E. coli express the meningitis-associated and temperature-regulated (Mat) fimbria, also termed E. coli common pilus (ECP), at 20 °C, and here we show that the six-gene (matABCDEF)-encoded Mat fimbria is needed for temperature-dependent biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The matBCDEF deletion mutant of meningitis E. coli IHE 3034 was defective in an early stage of biofilm development and consequently unable to establish a detectable biofilm, contrasting with IHE 3034 derivatives deleted for flagella, type 1 fimbriae or S-fimbriae, which retained the wild-type biofilm phenotype. Furthermore, induced production of Mat fimbriae from expression plasmids enabled biofilm-deficient E. coli K-12 cells to form biofilm at 20 °C. No biofilm was detected with IHE 3034 or MG1655 strains grown at 37 °C. The surface expression of Mat fimbriae and the frequency of Mat-positive cells in the IHE 3034 population from 20 °C were high and remained unaltered during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth and within the matured biofilm community. Considering the prevalence of the highly conserved mat locus in E. coli genomes, we hypothesize that Mat fimbria-mediated biofilm formation is an ancestral characteristic of E. coli.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in the Presence of Saliva

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 4259-4268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sug-Joon Ahn ◽  
Sang-Joon Ahn ◽  
Zezhang T. Wen ◽  
L. Jeannine Brady ◽  
Robert A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Bacterial Aggregation ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Induced Aggregation

ABSTRACT Interactions between salivary agglutinin and the adhesin P1 of Streptococcus mutans contribute to bacterial aggregation and mediate sucrose-independent adherence to tooth surfaces. We have examined biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159, and derivative strains carrying mutations affecting the localization or expression of P1, in the presence of fluid-phase or adsorbed saliva or salivary agglutinin preparations. Whole saliva- and salivary agglutinin-induced aggregation of S. mutans was adversely affected by the loss of P1 and sortase (SrtA) but not by the loss of trigger factor (RopA). Fluid-phase salivary agglutinin and, to a lesser extent, immobilized agglutinin inhibited biofilm development by S. mutans in the absence of sucrose, and whole saliva was more effective at decreasing biofilm formation than salivary agglutinin. Inhibition of biofilm development by salivary agglutinin was differently influenced by particular mutations, with the P1-deficient strain displaying a greater inhibition of biofilm development than the SrtA- or RopA-deficient strains. As expected, biofilm-forming capacities of all strains in the presence of salivary preparations were markedly enhanced in the presence of sucrose, although biofilm formation by the mutants was less efficient than that by the parental strain. Aeration strongly inhibited biofilm development, and the presence of salivary components did not restore biofilm formation in aerated conditions. The results disclose a potent ability of salivary constituents to moderate biofilm formation by S. mutans through P1-dependent and P1-independent pathways.

scholarly journals Structural and Molecular Basis of the Role of Starch and Sucrose in Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Klein ◽  
S. Duarte ◽  
J. Xiao ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
T. H. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Two Component Systems ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Specific Sugar

ABSTRACT The interaction of sucrose and starch with bacterial glucosyltransferases and human salivary amylase may enhance the pathogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans within biofilms by influencing the structural organization of the extracellular matrix and modulating the expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and specific sugar transport and two-component systems.

Streptococcus mutans biofilm inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide to glucosyltransferases B and C

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Povilas Kalesinskas ◽  
Tomas Kačergius ◽  
Arvydas Ambrozaitis ◽  
Ryo Jimbo ◽  
Dan Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background. Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on teeth leads to dental caries, which still remains one of the most prevalent human diseases strongly related to increase of dietary sucrose consumption in modern society. In the biofilm, sucrose is metabolized by S. mutans to acids causing tooth decay. S. mutans also produces glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) for synthesis of sticky glucan polymers from sucrose that provides matrix for biofilm formation on teeth. For reducing biofilm build-up, one preventive measure could be blocking of Gtf synthesis. The aim of this study was to test antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (PS-ODN) targeting simultaneously S. mutans gtfB and gtfC mRNAs in order to inhibit biofilm formation in vitro. Materials and methods. S. mutans bacteria were grown anaerobically on glass slides inserted vertically in 24-well cell culture plates containing Todd Hewitt broth with sucrose under exposure to antisense or missense PS-ODNs at the final concentration of 10 μM. Untreated bacteria served as controls. After 24 h of incubation, glass slides were removed, air-dried and further used for the quantitative evaluation of the streptococci biofilm applying an optical profilometry technique. Results. It was revealed that antisense PS-ODN considerably reduced the most critical biofilm surface roughness parameter Sa (average difference between the peak hight and valleys) inhibiting the biofilm development by 46% and 77% in comparison to untreated (p = 0.06) and missense PS-ODN-treated bacteria (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions. The results demonstrate that antisense PS-ODN considerably decreases streptococci-induced biofilm development on glass slides, and might therefore significantly suppress dental biofilm formation through simultaneous inactivation of S. mutans gtfB and gtfC mRNAs.

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