scholarly journals Corrosion Resistance of the CpTi G2 Cellular Lattice with TPMS Architecture for Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Bożena Łosiewicz ◽  
Joanna Maszybrocka ◽  
Julian Kubisztal ◽  
Grzegorz Skrabalak ◽  
Andrzej Stwora
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Grade

The corrosion of materials used in the design of metal-air batteries may shorten their cycle life. Therefore, metal-based materials with enhanced electrochemical stability have attracted much attention. The purpose of this work was to determine the corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium Grade 2 (CpTi G2) cellular lattice with the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) architecture of G80, D80, I-2Y80 in 0.1 M KOH solution saturated with oxygen at 25 °C. To produce CpTi G2 cellular lattices, selective laser melting technology was used which allowed us to obtain 3D cellular lattice structures with a controlled total porosity of 80%. For comparison, the bulk electrode was also investigated. SEM examination and statistical analysis of the surface topography maps of the CpTi G2 cellular lattices with the TPMS architecture revealed much more complex surface morphology compared to the bulk CpTi SLM. Corrosion resistance tests of the obtained materials were conducted using open circuit potential method, Tafel curves, anodic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest corrosion resistance and the lowest material consumption per year were revealed for the CpTi G2 cellular lattice with TPMS architecture of G80, which can be proposed as promising material with increased corrosion resistance for gas diffusion in alkaline metal-air batteries.

UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 3 (UNS R50550)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Pure Grade ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Design Stress

Abstract UPM CP Titanium Grade 3 (UNS R50550) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium that exhibits moderate strength (higher strength than that of Titanium Grade 2), along with excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It offers the highest ASME allowable design stress of any commercially pure grade of titanium, and can be used in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-167. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

L. KLEIN TITAN GRADE 2

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract L. Klein Titan Grade 2 is an unalloyed, commercially pure titanium grade. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. L. Klein Titan Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1005 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance and wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-177. Producer or source: L. Klein SA.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Content on Corrosion Properties of Pure Titanium as Grain Refiner

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7193
Author(s):  
Bosung Seo ◽  
Hyeon-Tae Im ◽  
Ki-Beom Park ◽  
Kwangsuk Park ◽  
Hyung-Ki Park
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Tio2 Layer ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Titanium Cathode

Microstructures and corrosion properties of pure titanium were characterized when iron was used as a grain refiner. The added Fe element acted as a strong grain refiner for pure titanium by forming β Ti phase at grain boundaries, and 0.15 wt% Fe was revealed to be a sufficient amount to make the grain size of pure titanium below 20 μm, which was the requirement for the desired titanium cathode. However, corrosion resistance was decreased with the Fe amount added. From the open circuit potential (OCP) results, it was obvious that the TiO2 stability against the reducing acid environment was deteriorated with the Fe amount, which seemed to be the main reason for the decreased corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that both the decrease in the compact oxide film’s resistance (Rb) and the appearance of the outer porous film occurred as a result of the dissolution of the TiO2 layer, whose phenomena became more apparent as more Fe was added.

AUSTRAL WRIGHT TITANIUM GRADE 2 (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Austral Wright Titanium Grade 2 (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed, commercially pure titanium grade. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength (similar to that of austenitic stainless steels), good formability, outstanding corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Austral Wright Titanium Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1005 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-183. Producer or source: Austral Wright Metals.

COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM GRADE 12

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Commercially pure wrought titanium, Grade 12 is used in the chemical industry where conditions are mildly reducing or varying between oxidizing and reducing. It is immune to formic acid, aerated or non-aerated. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-93. Producer or source: Titanium alloy mills. Originally published August 1989, revised September 1989.

ULBRICH TITANIUM GRADE 2 (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract Ulbrich Titanium Grade 2 (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. Titanium Grade 2 can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-168. Producer or source: Ulbrich Stainless Steels & Special Metals, Inc.

SANDMEYER TITANIUM GRADE 2/2H (UNS R50400)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Good Ductility ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Service Environments

Abstract Sandmeyer Titanium Grade 2/2H (UNS R50400) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is the most widely used commercially pure titanium grade. It offers a combination of moderate strength and good ductility, with outstanding corrosion resistance in many challenging service environments. Titanium Grade 2/2H can operate in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-164. Producer or source: Sandmeyer Steel Company.

scholarly journals Effects of Peracetic Acid on the Corrosion Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium (grade 4)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lariça B. Raimundo ◽  
Iara A. Orsi ◽  
Sebastião E. Kuri ◽  
Carlos Alberto D. Rovere ◽  
Thaís P. Busquim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Working Electrode ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Cp Ti

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of pure titanium grade 4 (cp-Ti-4), subjected to disinfection with 0.2% and 2% peracetic acid during different immersion periods using anodic potentiodynamic polarization test in acid and neutral artificial saliva. Cylindrical samples of cp-Ti-4 (5 mm x 5 mm) were used to fabricate 24 working electrodes, which were mechanically polished and divided into eight groups (n=3) for disinfection in 2% and 0.2% peracetic acid for 30 and 120 min. After disinfection, anodic polarization was performed in artificial saliva with pH 4.8 and 6.8 to assess the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes. A conventional electrochemical cell, constituting a reference electrode, a platinum counter electrode, and the working electrode (cp-Ti specimens) were used with a scanning rate of 1 mV/s. Three curves were obtained for each working electrode, and corrosion was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Data of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and passive current (Ipass) obtained by the polarization curves were analyzed statistically by Student's t-test (a=0.05). The statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between artificial saliva types at different concentrations and periods of disinfection, as well as between control and experimental groups. No surface changes were observed in all groups evaluated. In conclusion, disinfection with 0.2% and 2% peracetic acid concentrations did not cause corrosion in samples manufactured with cp-Ti-4.

An Investigation into Machining Characteristics of Commercially Pure Titanium (Grade-2) Using CNC WEDM

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Kumar ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Jatinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Wire Tension ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Titanium is present in the earth’s crust at a level about 0.6% and is therefore the fourth most abundant structural metal after aluminum, iron, and magnesium. High strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance are the main properties that make titanium attractive for a variety of applications. The major application of the material is in the aerospace industry, both in airframes,engine components,steam turbine blades, superconductors, missiles etc. or corrosion resistance, for example marine services, chemical, petrochemical, electronics industry, biomedical instruments etc.In this study, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is adopted in machining of commercially pure titanium (Grade-2). During experiments, parameters such as Pulse on time, Pulse off time, Peak current, Spark Gap set Voltage, Wire Feed and Wire Tension were changed to explore their effect on the cutting rate, gap current and surface roughness of the machined specimens. The ranges of process parameters for the experiments were decided on the basis of literature survey and the pilot experiments conducted using one factor at a time approach(OFTA). It is found that the intensity of the process energy does affect the cutting rate, gap current and surface roughness as well as, the wire speed, wire tension and dielectric fluid pressure not seeming to have much of an influence.

COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM GRADE 4

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract Titanium Development Association commercially pure wrought titanium, Grade 4 is used in equipment where resistance to corrosion in chemical, marine and other industries is required. At a guaranteed 80,000 psi minimum mill annealed tensile strength, titanium Grade 4 is the strongest of the commercially pure grades. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-92. Producer or source: Titanium alloy mills.

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