scholarly journals A Study on Material Properties of Intermetallic Phases in a Multicomponent Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy with the Use of Nanoindentation Testing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5612
Author(s):  
Mirosław Tupaj ◽  
Antoni Władysław Orłowicz ◽  
Marek Mróz ◽  
Andrzej Trytek ◽  
Anna Janina Dolata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Silicon Alloy ◽  
The Matrix

The paper concerns modeling the microstructure of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy developed by the authors with the purpose of application for automobile cylinder liners showing high resistance to abrasive wear at least equal to that of cast-iron liners. With the use of the nanoindentation method, material properties of intermetallic phases and matrix in a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy containing Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Fe, and Mg as additives were examined. The scanning electron microscope equipped with an adapter for chemical composition microanalysis was used to determine the chemical composition of intermetallics and of the alloy matrix. Intermetallic phases, such as Al(Fe,Mn,M)Si, Al(Cr,V,M)Si, AlFeSi, AlFeNiM, AlCuNi, Al2Cu, and Mg2Si, including those supersaturated with various alloying elements (M), were identified based on results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and microanalysis of chemical composition carried out with the use of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Shapes of the phases included regular, irregular, or elongated polygons. On the disclosed intermetallic phases, silicon precipitations, the matrix, values of the indentation hardness (HIT), and the indentation modulus (EIT) were determined by performing nanoindentation tests with the use of a Nanoindentation Tester NHT (CSM Instruments) equipped with a Berkovich B-L 32 diamond indenter. The adopted maximum load value was 20 mN.

The Matrix Effect and Application of the Multi-Parameter Optimization Method for X-Ray Spectrometric Determination of the Quantitative Composition of Clays

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Anna Trubaca-Boginska ◽  
Andris Actins ◽  
Ruta Švinka ◽  
Visvaldis Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Coefficients ◽  
The Matrix

Determining the quantitative composition of clay samples with X-ray fluorescent spectrometry is complicated because of the matrix effect, in which any element can increase or decrease the analytical signals of other elements. In order to predict the properties of clays, it is essential to know their precise chemical composition. Therefore, using the standard addition method was determined calibration and empirical influence coefficients, as well as the true composition of the elements. Farther, these coefficients were used to correct the matrix effect and develop a multi-parameter optimization method. It was determined that in clay samples, consisting of Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Na and Ti oxide formula units, the most significant contribution for matrix effect correction calculations was from the calibration coefficients. Moreover, the largest deviation from the X-ray fluorescent data and true values was determined in the MgO and Na2O cases. In this study was established, that the developed multi-parameter method can be successfully applied to determine the quantitative chemical composition of clay samples of similar compositions.

scholarly journals Characterization of the microstructure, microsegregation, and phase composition of ex-situ Fe–Ni–Cr–Al–Mo–TiCp composites fabricated by three-dimensional plasma metal deposition on 10CrMo9–10 steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Rakoczy ◽  
Kevin Hoefer ◽  
Małgorzata Grudzień-Rakoczy ◽  
Bogdan Rutkowski ◽  
Marcin Goły ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Equivalent Radius ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract Quaternary powder mixtures yNi–20Cr–1.5Al–xTiCp (y = 78.5, 73.5, 68.5; x = 0, 5, 10) were deposited on ferritic 10CrMo9–10 steel to form on plates ex-situ composite coatings with austenitic-based matrix. Plasma deposition was carried out with various parameters to obtain eight variants. The microstructure, chemical composition, phase constitution, phase transformation temperatures, and microhardness of the two reference TiCp-free coatings and six ex-situ composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermodynamic simulation, and Vickers microhardness measurements. All composites had an austenite matrix with lattice parameter a = 3.5891–3.6062 Å, calculated according to the Nelson–Riley extrapolation. Microstructural observations revealed irregular distribution of TiCp in the composites. Large particles generally occurred near the external surface due to the acting buoyancy effect, whereas in the interior smaller particles, with an equivalent radius around 0.2–0.6 μm, were present. Due to initial differences in the chemical composition of powder mixtures and also subsequent intensive mixing with the low-alloy steel in the liquid pool, the matrix of the composites was characterized by various chemical compositions with a dominating iron concentration. Interaction of TiCp with matrix during deposition led to the formation of nano-precipitates of M23C6 carbides at the interfaces. Based on the ThermoCalc simulation, the highest solidus and liquidus temperatures of the matrix were calculated to be for the composite fabricated by deposition of 73.5Ni–20Cr–1.5Al–5TiCp powder mixture at I = 130 A. The mean microhardness of the TiCp-free coatings was in the range 138–146 μHV0.1, whereas composites had hardnesses at least 50% higher, depending on the initial content of TiCp.

scholarly journals Interfacial Bonding in a Nanoclay/Polymer Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Mo Lin Chan ◽  
Kin Tak Lau ◽  
Tsun Tat Wong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix

In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to analyze the chemical composition between epoxy matrix and nanocomposite. This experiment revealed that a chemical bonding at an interface between the matrix and nanoclay of the composites did exist. Thus, such bonding can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of resultant polymer composites as reported in many literatures.

In situ x-ray CT under tensile loading using synchrotron radiation

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hirano ◽  
K. Usami ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
C. Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sic Fibers ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
The Matrix

Internal damage in metal matrix composite (MMC) under static tensile loading was observed by in situ x-ray computed tomography based on synchrotron radiation (SR-CT). A tensile testing sample stage was developed to investigate the fracture process during the tensile test. Aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced by long or short SiC fibers were used. The projection images obtained under tensile loading showed good performance of the sample stage, and matrix deformation and breaks of the long SiC fibers could be observed. In the CT images taken at the maximum stress just before failure, debondings of the short SiC fibers to the matrix, many pullouts of the fibers, and matrix cracking could be clearly observed. The in situ SR-CT allowed the observation of generation and growth of such defects under different tensile stress levels. The results from the nondestructive observation revealed that the MMC was broken by propagation of the matrix cracks which might be caused by stress concentration at the ends of the short fibers. A three-dimensional CT image reconstructed from many CT images provided easy understanding of the fiber arrangement, crack shape, and form of the void caused by fiber pullout. In situ SR-CT is a useful method for understanding failure mechanisms in advanced materials.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Third Element on Nano-Mechanical Properties of Iron Borides FeB and Fe2B Formed in Fe-B-X (X = C, Cr, Mn, V, W, Mn + V) Alloys

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4155
Author(s):  
Ivana Kirkovska ◽  
Viera Homolová ◽  
Ivan Petryshynets ◽  
Tamás Csanádi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
X Ray

In this study, the influence of alloying elements on the mechanical properties of iron borides FeB and Fe2B formed in Fe-B-X (X = C, Cr, Mn, V, W, Mn + V) alloys were evaluated using instrumented indentation measurement. The microstructural characterization of the alloys was performed by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The fraction of the phases present in the alloys was determined either by the lever rule or by image analysis. The hardest and stiffest FeB formed in Fe-B-X (X = C, Cr, Mn) alloys was observed in the Fe-B-Cr alloys, where indentation hardness of HIT = 26.9 ± 1.4 GPa and indentation modulus of EIT = 486 ± 22 GPa were determined. The highest hardness of Fe2B was determined in the presence of tungsten as an alloying element, HIT = 20.8 ± 0.9 GPa. The lowest indentation hardness is measured in manganese alloyed FeB and Fe2B. In both FeB and Fe2B, an indentation size effect was observed, showing a decrease of hardness with increasing indentation depth.

scholarly journals Influence of Material Properties on the Damage-Reporting and Self-Healing Performance of a Mechanically Active Dynamic Network Polymer in Coating Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Da Hae Son ◽  
Gi Young Kim ◽  
Ji-Eun Jeong ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
Young Il Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Self Healing

We conducted a detailed investigation of the influence of the material properties of dynamic polymer network coatings on their self-healing and damage-reporting performance. A series of reversible polyacrylate urethane networks containing the damage-reporting diarylbibenzofuranone unit were synthesized, and their material properties (e.g., indentation modulus, hardness modulus, and glass-transition temperature) were measured conducting nanoindentation and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. The damage-reporting and self-healing performances of the dynamic polymer network coatings exhibited opposite tendencies with respect to the material properties of the polymer network coatings. Soft polymer network coatings with low glass-transition temperature (~10 °C) and indentation hardness (20 MPa) exhibited better self-healing performance (almost 100%) but two times worse damage-reporting properties than hard polymer network coatings with high glass-transition temperature (35~50 °C) and indentation hardness (150~200 MPa). These features of the dynamic polymer network coatings are unique; they are not observed in elastomers, films, and hydrogels, whereby the polymer networks are bound to the substrate surface. Evidence indicates that controlling the polymer’s physical properties is a key factor in designing high-performance self-healing and damage-reporting polymer coatings based on mechanophores.

scholarly journals The microstructure of magnetorheological materials characterized by means of computed X-ray microtomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Schümann ◽  
Stefan Odenbach
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Applied Fields

Abstract Magnetorheological materials are a class of “smart materials”, where mechanical material properties can be tuned by the application of externally applied fields. To accomplish the magneto-sensitive quality, magnetic particlesare distributed in a host matrix. In the last year’s interest gained in materials based on solid matrices. In contrast to fluid systems, within a solid matrix, the particles are fixed within the material. This enables an evaluation of the structures formed by the particles by means of computed X-ray microtomography. As known from past investigations, the arrangement and movement of the magnetic particles within the matrix play a major role in determining the overall material properties. Computed X-ray microtomography proved to be a convenient tool, providing important new knowledge about those materials. This paper gives an overview of the application of the method of computed X-ray microtomography on several kinds of solid magnetorheological materials, the broad possibilities of data evaluation, and fundamental results obtained with this method and the described materials.

Effects of Surface Roughness and Maximum Load on the Mechanical Properties of Cancellous Bone Measured by Nanoindentation

2004 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Donnelly ◽  
Shefford P. Baker ◽  
Adele L. Boskey ◽  
Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Indentation Depth ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Lamellar Bone ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Intermediate Value

AbstractNanoindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of lamellar and interlamellar tissue in dehydrated rabbit cancellous bone. The effects of surface roughness and maximum nanoindentation load on the measured mechanical properties were examined in two samples of differing surface roughness using maximum loads ranging from 250-3000 μN. As the ratio of indentation depth to surface roughness decreased below approximately 3:1, the variability in material properties increased substantially. At low loads, the indentation modulus of the lamellar bone was approximately 20% greater than that of the interlamellar bone, while at high loads the measured properties of both layers converged to an intermediate value. Relatively shallow indentations made on smooth surfaces revealed significant differences in the properties of lamellar and interlamellar bone that are consistent with microstructural observations of lamellar bone as more mineralized than interlamellar bone.

scholarly journals Microwave Synthesis of AlFeCuCrNi /TiB2 High-Entropy Alloy Matrix Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lan ◽  
Tianjiao Pu ◽  
Yingying Gu ◽  
Chengyan Zhu ◽  
Heguo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modern Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphology

The Al-Fe-Cu-Cr-Ni-Ti-B system was microwaved to generate high entropy alloy matrix composites reinforced by TiB2 particles. The micro structure and reaction process of the composites were observed and investigated by modern analysis methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. The results show that AlFeCuCrNi /TiB2 composites can be prepared by microwave heating method. The matrix structure was FCC, and the reinforcement TiB2 showed regular geometric morphology in the matrix and evenly distributed in the matrix when the volume fraction of the reinforcement is 10%. When the volume fraction of the reinforcement increased to 15%, TiB2 partially aggregates in the matrix, and the system activation energy was 195.69 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Study of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Aluminum–Silicon Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Tomasz Galek ◽  
Andrzej Łączek ◽  
Karol Łysiak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Silicon Alloys ◽  
Aluminum Silicon Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Silicon Alloy ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

AbstractIn this article, a study of nonmetallic inclusions introduced during the casting process of the aluminum–silicon alloy is presented. The samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope to find the chemical composition and X-ray tomography to check the volumetric content of the non-metallic inclusions. The samples were made from AlSi7Mg alloy, used for car wheels, with 7% weight content of Si, 89% of Al, and 0.3% of Mg. The main goal of our investigations was to find out the chemical composition of the impurities and to identify the stage of the casting process at which the impurities are introduced.

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