scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Different Nanopatterned TiO2 Substrates and Their Effect on Hydrothermally Synthesized Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Coatings

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5290
Author(s):  
Amanda Bartkowiak ◽  
Arkadiusz Zarzycki ◽  
Slawomir Kac ◽  
Marcin Perzanowski ◽  
Marta Marszalek
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Anodized Titanium ◽  
Biological Environment

Nanotechnology is a very attractive tool for tailoring the surface of an orthopedic implant to optimize its interaction with the biological environment. Nanostructured interfaces are promising, especially for orthopedic applications. They can not only improve osseointegration between the implant and the living bone but also may be used as drug delivery platforms. The nanoporous structure can be used as a drug carrier to the surrounding tissue, with the intention to accelerate tissue–implant integration as well as to reduce and treat bacterial infections occurring after implantation. Titanium oxide nanotubes are promising for such applications; however, their brittle nature could be a significantly limiting factor. In this work, we modified the topography of commercially used titanium foil by the anodization process and hydrothermal treatment. As a result, we obtained a crystalline nanoporous u-shaped structure (US) of anodized titanium oxide with improved resistance to scratch compared to TiO2 nanotubes. The US titanium substrate was successfully modified with hydroxyapatite coating and investigated for bioactivity. Results showed high bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) after two weeks of incubation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Protein Adsorption Properties of Anodized Titanium Plate Immersed in Simulated Body Fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ryoji Sawada ◽  
Yuya Katou ◽  
Hirofumi Shibata ◽  
Max Katayama ◽  
Toru Nonami
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Titanium Oxide Film ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Anodized Titanium

Titanium-based materials are widely used for implant treatments such as artificial dental roots. Surface treatment has the potential to improve not only the biocompatibility but also the chemical and mechanical durability of the surface without changing the mechanical properties of the metal. A relatively thick titanium oxide film can be formed by the anodic oxidation method. Phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid electrolytic solution has previously been used for anodic oxidation. Such anodized films have excellent film hardness, abrasion resistance, and adhesion. In this study, titanium plate was anodized using an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in which titanium oxide powder was suspended. A 2800-nm-thick titanium oxide film was formed, which was thicker than that obtained using phosphoric acid electrolyte. The titanium plate was immersed in simulated body fluid for 1 day to evaluate the photocatalytic activity and protein adsorption ability, and a homogeneous crack-free hydroxyapatite layer was formed. This titanium plate showed high methylene blue bleaching capacity. The adsorption ability of the acidic protein of the anodized titanium plate subjected to the above treatment was high. This suggests that this titanium plate has antimicrobial properties and protein adsorption ability. Thus, we report that a titanium plate, anodized with a sulfuric acid aqueous electrolyte solution containing suspended TiO2 powder and immersed in simulated body fluid, might behave as an antibacterial and highly biocompatible implant material.

Anodization: A Promising Nano-Modification Technique of Titanium Implants for Orthopedic Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2682-2692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yao ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Modification Technique ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Anodized Titanium ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
Porous Titanium Oxide

Anodization is a well-established surface modification technique that produces protective oxide layers on valve metals such as titanium. Many studies have used anodization to produce micro-porous titanium oxide films on implant surfaces for orthopedic applications. An additional hydrothermal treatment has also been used in conjunction with anodization to deposit hydroxyapatite on titanium surfaces; this is in contrast to using traditional plasma spray deposition techniques. Recently, the ability to create nanometer surface structures (e.g., nano-tubular) via anodization of titanium implants in fluorine solutions have intrigued investigators to fabricate nano-scale surface features that mimic the natural bone environment. This paper will present an overview of anodization techniques used to produce micro-porous titanium oxide structures and nano-tubular oxide structures, subsequent properties of these anodized titanium surfaces, and ultimately their in vitro as well as in vivo biological responses pertinent for orthopedic applications. Lastly, this review will emphasize why anodized titanium structures that have nanometer surface features enhance bone forming cell functions.

Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Coatings Produced on Titanium by Oxygen-Plasma Immersion and Cell Behaviour on TiO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Uzumaki ◽  
A.R. Santos ◽  
C.S. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Titanium Substrates

Plasma immersion process was investigated as a method for producing bioceramics coatings on metallic implants due to its advantages, which include the production of coatings on three-dimensional workpieces, with high density and superior adhesion. In this process, the oxygen plasma was utilized to form titanium oxide on titanium substrate. The structure, composition and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. In addition a preliminary study has also been carried out, on TiO2-coated and uncoated titanium substrates, to analyse the in vitro biocompatibility (cytotoxicity evaluation and cell morphology).

Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Supported on Anodized Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisah Shafiqah Habiballah ◽  
Abdul Hadi Mahmud ◽  
Hanani Yazid ◽  
A.M.M. Jani
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Anodized Titanium

Increasing interest of attachment gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes has been devoted to give tremendous properties suitable for catalysis application. Nevertheless, achieving precise control of attachment AuNPs on the TiO2 nanotubes substrate by conventional methods such as thermal evaporation and conservative heating are far from satisfactory. Herein, in this work a new approach has been developed to synthesize controlled and uniformed attachment of AuNPs onto electrochemically-anodized TiO2 nanotubes by deposition-precipitation method. The structural and elemental characterizations of the supported AuNPs are carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The FESEM image showed the anodized TiO2 nanotube with good morphological structure is successfully fabricated at a voltage of 20 V and in a mixture electrolyte of ethylene glycol containing 0.5 wt% ammonium fluoride solutions with an average nanotubes diameter of 87 nm. Meanwhile, the attachment of AuNPs on the fabricated TiO2 nanotubes has been effectively achieved for both calcined and uncalcined samples. The EDX analysis has confirmed the deposition of AuNPs over the TiO2 nanotubes. The results showed that we had succeeded in synthesizing the AuNPs supported on the anodized TiO2 nanotubes, which provide superior metal-metal oxide synthetic devices for diverse applications.

scholarly journals Preliminary Clinical Study of the Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Colistin-Associated Nephrotoxicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3224-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujipas Sirijatuphat ◽  
Samornrod Limmahakhun ◽  
Vorapan Sirivatanauksorn ◽  
Roger L. Nation ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

ABSTRACTNephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting factor of colistin, a last-line therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. An earlier animal study revealed a protective effect of ascorbic acid against colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. The present randomized controlled study was conducted in 28 patients and aimed to investigate the potential nephroprotective effect of intravenous ascorbic acid (2 g every 12 h) against colistin-associated nephrotoxicity in patients requiring intravenous colistin. Thirteen patients received colistin plus ascorbic acid, whereas 15 received colistin alone. Nephrotoxicity was defined by the RIFLE classification system. Additionally, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) andN-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured as markers of renal damage, and plasma colistin concentrations were quantified. The baseline characteristics, clinical features, and concomitant treatments of the patients in the two groups were comparable. The incidences of nephrotoxicity were 53.8% (7/13) and 60.0% (9/15) in the colistin-ascorbic acid group and the colistin group, respectively (P= 0.956; relative risk [RR], 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 to 1.72). In both groups, the urinary excretion rates of NGAL and NAG on day 3 or 5 of colistin treatment and at the end of colistin treatment were significantly higher than those at the respective baselines (P< 0.05). However, the urinary excretion rates of these biomarkers at the various times during colistin treatment did not differ significantly between the groups (P> 0.05). The plasma colistin concentrations in the two groups were not significantly different (P> 0.28). The clinical and microbiological outcomes and mortality of the patients in the two groups were not significantly different. This preliminary study suggests that ascorbic acid does not offer a nephroprotective effect for patients receiving intravenous colistin. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01501968.)

scholarly journals Laser capture microdissection in combination with mass spectrometry: Approach to characterization of tissue-specific proteomes of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Roudnický ◽  
David Potěšil ◽  
Zbyněk Zdráhal ◽  
Milan Gelnar ◽  
Martin Kašný
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Capture Microdissection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Laser Capture ◽  
Eudiplozoon Nipponicum

AbstractEudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) is a hematophagous monogenean ectoparasite which inhabits the gills of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Heavy infestation can lead to anemia and in conjunction with secondary bacterial infections cause poor health and eventual death of the host.This study is based on an innovative approach to protein localization which has never been used in parasitology before. Using laser capture microdissection, we dissected particular areas of the parasite body without contaminating the samples by surrounding tissue, and in combination with analysis by mass spectrometry obtained tissue-specific proteomes of tegument, intestine, and parenchyma of our model organism, E. nipponicum. We successfully verified the presence of certain functional proteins (e.g. cathepsin L) in tissues where their presence was expected (intestine) and confirmed that there were no traces of these proteins in other tissues (tegument and parenchyma). Additionally, we identified a total of 2,059 proteins, including 72 peptidases and 33 peptidase inhibitors. As expected, the greatest variety was found in the intestine and the lowest variety in the parenchyma.Our results are significant on two levels. Firstly, we demonstrated how one can localize all proteins in one analysis and without using laboratory animals (antibodies for immunolocalization of single proteins). Secondly, this study offers the first complex proteomic data on not only the E. nipponicum but within the whole class of Monogenea, which was from this point of view until recently neglected.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Eucalyptus Oil Loaded Poly Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid - Albumin Nanocapsules

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Sadak Vali ◽  
Abdullah Khan ◽  
M. Prathibha Bharathi ◽  
S. Siva Prasad ◽  
A. Srikanth
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil

Nano materials such as nanoparticles, nano capsules, nano emulsions, nano suspensions, nano spheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, nano tubes, nano shells, nano wires, nano pores, and quantum dots have been used extensively for delivery of therapeutic agents. Protein nanocapsules have gained significance as vehicles for targeted drug delivery due to improved ease of administration, medical imaging, gene delivery, and increased half-life of drug. Nano materials and devices are used for addressing medical problems and have established enormous potential for, subcutaneous imaging without surgical incisions. They are used in imaging of liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, monitoring of many serious illnesses, including cancer, CVS disorders, neurological disorders, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes. They are employed as solubilizing agent for water-insoluble drugs by emulsification and designing of essential oil protein complexes which paved the path for using nano materials in drug delivery with prolonged blood circulation times. PLGA and albumin nanoparticles are considered to be a potential drug carrier with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non toxic nature. Eucalyptus oil contains 1,8-Cineol and ?-pinene as chief ingredients. Eucalyptus oil is known for healing of inflammation, pruritus, abscesses, sepsis, bacterial infections, blisters, boils, chicken pox, congestion, fungal infections, herpes (cold sores) and ulcers. However, these essential oils are unstable, volatile, which limits their use for new formulations. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a PLGA- Albumin nano carrier for the encapsulation of essential oils. The effects of process parameters such as the effect of heat and the concentrations of polymers were investigated. Various physicochemical characterizations such as SEM, FTIR, EE, and UV spectroscopy, Invitro drug release studies were performed.2 Formulation F4 containing 0.6 mg/ mL of PLGA and AL loaded eucalyptus loaded nanocapsules p

scholarly journals An Anodized Titanium/Sol-Gel Composite Coating with Self-Healable Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Property

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghua Li ◽  
Chongjian Dong ◽  
Yupeng Liu ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Titanium Coating ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Titanium Layer ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Titanium Wire ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Anodized Titanium

Superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces have attracted increasing attention because of their self-cleaning properties. A composite coating composed of anodized titanium and sol-gel (TiAO/SG) was developed and has good superhydrophobic and oleophobic property. The anodized titanium coating was prepared on the titanium substrate and then a sol-gel layer was coated on the surface of the anodized titanium layer to obtain a composite coating with superhydrophobic and oleophobic properties. The adhesion weight of glycerol on the surface of the superhydrophobic titanium wire decreased to 4.8% of that of untreated titanium wire, which showed that the material had good oleophobic property. This new composite coating could achieve self-healing superhydrophobicity by releasing loaded perfluorodenytriethoxysilane to the surface of the coating. Given its superhydrophobicity, self-healing and wear resistance, the TiAO/SG coating was expected to achieve healable self-cleaning protection in titanium devices.

Titanium Oxide Layer with Micro and Nano Tubes on Titanium Substrate

2006 ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Jae Sun Hwang ◽  
Sang Bae Lee ◽  
Keun Taek Oh ◽  
Kyoung Nam Kim ◽  
Kwang Mahn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Titanium Oxide Layer

The Biological Environment of Lakes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sublittoral Zone ◽  
Lake Temperature ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Secondary Productivity ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Lake Systems

Biological processes form the basis for a rich source of information for paleolimnologists. Populations of organisms are sensitive to variations in their external environment, and this sensitivity can be recorded as proportional changes in fossil abundances, evolutionary change, or extinction. Variations in lake temperature or water chemistry below the threshold of geochemical archives would normally go unrecorded in lake deposits were it not for fossils capable of registering these changes. Biotic systems are also the most complex components of lake systems, involving numerous species, their interactions with each other, and with their external environment. As a result, the interpretation of lacustrine fossil records is rarely straightforward, and must be viewed in the context of complex ecological dynamics, unfolding against a background of environmental and evolutionary change. In this chapter we will consider the biotic structure of lakes from a paleolimnological perspective, focusing on organisms and ecological interactions likely to be preserved in a lake’s fossil record. A transect running downslope and offshore from the shoreline will almost invariably reveal a change in habitat and lake organisms (see figure 3.2). In the shallow, littoral zone, high rates of photosynthesis can normally be supported, as light is not a limiting factor for growth. A high diversity of autotrophic and heterotrophic (consuming) organisms is encountered here. Near the shoreline, a fringe of emergent or submerged macrophytes is often present, either attached to the substrate, or floating nearshore. These plants form a substrate for many attached (epiphytic) or crawling organisms. On wave-swept, rocky, or sandy coasts macrophytes may be absent, but abundant algae or photosynthetic bacteria may be present, attached to rock surfaces (epilithic), or adhering to sand grains. In the sublittoral zone, light penetration is reduced, and large macrophytic plants are absent, but lower levels of benthic primary production may persist from algal or bacterial growth. Although algae are frequently found below the photic zone, because of circulation or settling, they are not photosynthesizing under such conditions. In the aphotic, profundal zone food resources are provided exclusively through secondary productivity, consumption of settling detritus (or the organisms that feed on such detritus), and microbial food resources.

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