scholarly journals Research on the Development of Technologies for the Production of Granulated Activated Carbons Using Various Binders

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5180
Author(s):  
Iwona Skoczko ◽  
Remigiusz Guminski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Very High ◽  
Granulated Activated Carbon

Activated carbons (ACs) are processed carbon-rich materials with a highly developed inner surface and significant porosity used for different media treatment in municipal and industrial plants. Activated carbon may be manufactured as powdered activated carbon (PAC), gritty activated carbon (in a form of raw angels grains) or granulated activated carbon (GAC). The production of the GAC is based on carbonaceous raw materials and various types of binders. The carbon mass is mixed with the binder and formed in cylindrical granules. The binder’s recognition is in a scientific literature side-topic and still needs wider examination. For many years GAC production have been concentrated on the possibility of using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC). Therefore, the aim of the research was to develop a new binder, in the available technology of granulated activated carbon production. Such binders were tested such as: tall oil (TO), sugar beet molasses (SBM), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), SCMC using a verified technological process and SCMC with the addition of gas tar (GT). The conducted research shows that all the quality requirements were met by activated carbons with SBM as a binder. Additionally they showed very high adsorption properties. The manufacturing process was shorter in comparison to other tested binders and more efficient.

Use of activated carbon to remove undesirable residual amylase from refinery streams

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Eggleston ◽  
Isabel Lima ◽  
Emmanuel Sarir ◽  
Jack Thompson ◽  
John Zatlokovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
End User ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Very High

In recent years, there has been increased world-wide concern over residual (carry-over) activity of mostly high temperature (HT) and very high temperature (VHT) stable amylases in white, refined sugars from refineries to various food and end-user industries. HT and VHT stable amylases were developed for much larger markets than the sugar industry with harsher processing conditions. There is an urgent need in the sugar industry to be able to remove or inactivate residual, active amylases either in factory or refinery streams or both. A survey of refineries that used amylase and had activated carbon systems for decolorizing, revealed they did not have any customer complaints for residual amylase. The use of high performance activated carbons to remove residual amylase activity was investigated using a Phadebas® method created for the sugar industry to measure residual amylase in syrups. Ability to remove residual amylase protein was dependent on the surface area of the powdered activated carbons as well as mixing (retention) time. The activated carbon also had the additional benefit of removing color and insoluble starch.

scholarly journals Optimisation of durian peel based activated carbon preparation conditions for dye removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Phung Thi Kim Le ◽  
Kien Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Removal Capacity

Agricultural wastes are considered to be a very important feedstock for activated carbon production as they are renewable sources and low cost materials. This study present the optimize conditions for preparation of durian peel activated carbon (DPAC) for removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic effluents. The effects of carbonization temperature (from 673K to 923K) and impregnation ratio (from 0.2 to 1.0) with potassium hydroxide KOH on the yield, surface area and the dye adsorbed capacity of the activated carbons were investigated. The dye removal capacity was evaluated with methylene blue. In comparison with the commercial grade carbons, the activated carbons from durian peel showed considerably higher surface area especially in the suitable temperate and impregnation ratio of activated carbon production. Methylene blue removal capacity appeared to be comparable to commercial products; it shows the potential of durian peel as a biomass source to produce adsorbents for waste water treatment and other application. Optimize condition for preparation of DPAC determined by using response surface methodology was at temperature 760 K and IR 1.0 which resulted the yield (51%), surface area (786 m2/g), and MB removal (172 mg/g).

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
A.E. Ilyassov ◽  
A.О. Baikonurova ◽  
B.N. Surimbayev
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Heap Leaching ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The article presents the results of a comparison of the sorption characteristics for gold of crushed activated carbon of the foreign Haycarb brand, obtained from expensive raw materials - coconut shells, and crushed activated carbon of the domestic Shubarkol brand, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials - low-ash coking coal. The activated carbon Shubarkol crushed to a class of -3.6+1.0 mm, was produced in Kazakhstan from coking coal by Shubarkolkomir JSC. To test the crushed coal Shubarkol, industrial crushed coal Haycarb, made from coconut shells, was used as a reference sample. This coal is widely used in gold mining enterprises for the sorption of dissolved gold from cyanide solutions and pulps. For research, a productive solution of the process of heap leaching of gold from oxidized ore of one of the deposits of Kazakhstan was used with the composition, mg/L: gold 0.82; silver 0.44; copper 8.34; pH 11.05. Determination of the sorption characteristics of coals was carried out by the method of saturation with gold when changing solutions. The results of changes in the gold content in the mother solution, its extraction and saturation of coals with precious metal after each sorption cycle from the productive heap leaching solution using crushed coals of the Shubarkol and Haycarb brands are presented. It follows from the obtained data that Shubarkol activated carbon has similar sorption characteristics compared to Haycarb activated carbon. The working capacity for gold of Shubarkol coal was 2.28 kg/ton of sorbent, and of Haycarb coal - 2.57 kg/ton. Thus, crushed coal Shubarkol, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials, can be successfully used at industrial facilities instead of foreign sorbent.

scholarly journals Waste biomass as sources for activated carbon production-A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Rouf
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A review of the production of activated carbons from waste biomass has been presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage have been reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties have been discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m2/g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm3/g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from waste biomass with those of commercial carbons has been made. Waste biomass being highly efficient, low cost and renewable sources of activated carbon production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 347-364, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14064

scholarly journals Calculation of the main technological parameters of the apparatus for receiving raw materials used in the production of medical application sorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ilnar A. Valeev ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Zhukova ◽  
Azat A. Girfanutdinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Active Coal

Analysis of the consumption of activated carbon on the international market showed sufficient demand for this topic, both for medical and for most industries. Sorbents are a large class of drugs that are able to excrete a wide variety of toxic substances from the body. The activated carbon market in the Russian Federation was focused on the military-industrial complex, due to which the range of goods was very limited. Due to the current situation, activated carbons produced by our industry are universal and, therefore, ineffective for specific tasks. Based on this, the problem of inexpensive and effective sorbents is very relevant and the lack of active coal reaches several tens of thousands per year. This problem is being solved for the most part by importing the product. The urgency of the problem poses the task of quickly introducing this type of installation and effectively calculating its technical parameters for subsequent manufacturing. The task of the engineering method of calculation is the operational calculation of the given source data, the design parameters of the apparatus. The possibility of using waste wood processing enterprises has shown that the use of this type of raw material is justified and effective. Both in terms of cost, and in terms of beneficial use of tree illiquid. Technical innovations and proven solutions used in the experimental setup will significantly intensify the pyrolysis process while improving product quality and reducing its cost. An algorithm for calculating the main technical parameters of the camera. It includes several blocks responsible for each parameter. Calculation of geometric parameters allows you to develop an installation of strictly the required geometric size based on the necessary raw materials needs. Aerodynamic calculation takes into account the whole process of preparing raw materials and allows you to select the necessary attachments strictly according to the required parameters. Thermal calculation allows you to select the materials of the chamber from the required temperature range required for more efficient raw materials production with the optimal characteristics.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Maciej Klein ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś ◽  
Justyna Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Carbon Production

Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.

Use of activated carbon to remove undesirable residual amylase from refinery streams

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Gillian Eggleston ◽  
Isabel Lima ◽  
Emmanuel Sarir ◽  
Jack Thompson ◽  
John Zatlokovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
End User ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Very High

In recent years, there has been increased world-wide concern over residual (carry-over) activity of mostly high temperature (HT) and very high temperature (VHT) stable amylases in white, refined sugars from refineries to various food and end-user industries. HT and VHT stable amylases were developed for much larger markets than the sugar industry with harsher processing conditions. There is an urgent need in the sugar industry to be able to remove or inactivate residual, active amylases either in factory or refinery streams or both. A survey of refineries that used amylase and had activated carbon systems for decolorizing, revealed they did not have any customer complaints for residual amylase. The use of high performance activated carbons to remove residual amylase activity was investigated using a Phadebas® method created for the sugar industry to measure residual amylase in syrups. Ability to remove residual amylase protein was dependent on the surface area of the powdered activated carbons as well as mixing (retention) time. The activated carbon also had the additional benefit of removing color and insoluble starch.

scholarly journals Reuse of Waste Materials as Precursors of Activated Carbon Synthesis for the Abatement of Antibiotic Cefpodoxime Proxetil from Industrial Effluents.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryyia Manzoor ◽  
Naseem Abbas ◽  
Javier Fernandez ◽  
Amir Mirza ◽  
Ghazala Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The release of antibiotics to aquatic environment creates aquatic ecotoxicity and their bioaccumulation results in antibiotic resistance. Hence to lessen the risk of ecotoxicity and depletion of natural resources, it is imperative to disclose alternate precursor raw materials that can be successfully employed for the synthesis of new sorbents capable to remove antibiotics from the environment. This research reports the synthesis of activated carbon based sorbents derived from waste biomaterials like coconut shell (CNAC), walnut shell & peach stone (WNAC) and Bombax ceiba fruit capsule (BCAC) and their ability to remove antibiotic Cefpodoxime from the industrial effluents. Activation of carbon was done by HNO3 and H3PO4. FTIR, BET and SEM techniques were used for characterization of sorbents. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the adsorption behavior. Moreover, the experimental adsorption capacity (qe) of the three activated carbons was found to be 32 mg/g for CNAC, 40 mg/g for WNAC and 10 mg/g for BCAC. The maximum removal efficiency of the drug was found to be 96% using the WNAC. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the removal of Cefpodoxime from industrial effluent.

Physicochemical effect of activation temperature on the sorption properties of pine shell activated carbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agha Arslan Wasim ◽  
Muhammad Nasiruddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xylenol Orange ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Physicochemical Effect

Activated carbons produced from a variety of raw materials are normally selective towards a narrow range of pollutants present in wastewater. This study focuses on shifting the selectivity of activated carbon from inorganic to organic pollutants using activation temperature as a variable. The material produced from carbonization of pine shells substrate was activated at 250°C and 850°C. Both adsorbents were compared with commercial activated carbon for the sorption of lead, cadmium, methylene blue, methyl blue, xylenol orange, and crystal violet. It was observed that carbon activated at 250°C was selective for lead and cadmium whereas the one activated at 850°C was selective for the organic dyes. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study revealed that AC850 had less surface functional groups as compared to AC250. Point of zero charge and point of zero salt effect showed that AC250 had acidic groups at its surface. Scanning electron microscopy depicted that increase in activation temperature resulted in an increase in pore size of activated carbon. Both AC250 and AC850 followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Temkin isotherm model was a best fit for empirical data obtained at equilibrium. The model also showed that sorption process for both AC250 and AC850 was physisorption.

Development and Application of Bamboo Activated Carbons and their Potency as Adsorbent Material for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG); An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Adsorbed Natural Gas ◽  
High Production

Currently, the use of activated carbon (AC) increased significantly for the industrial sector, health, environment and agriculture. However, the commercial price of activated carbon is relatively expensive, especially for micro industries mainly due to high production costs. Additionally, it comes from non-renewable sources with limited availability. This prompted the researchers to study the production of AC from inexpensive precursors and renewable; one of which is made from bamboo. AC production can be done through a pyrolysis process followed by physical or chemical activation. Differences in raw materials and activation methods used can affect the characteristics and quality of activated carbon produced. This paper reviews the development and application of bamboo activated carbons in the life sectors and their potency for use as an adsorbent material for the absorbed natural gas (ANG).

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