scholarly journals A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Maria Kurańska ◽  
Elżbieta Malewska ◽  
Krzysztof Polaczek ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Joanna Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
New Era ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cooking Oils

In order to create greener polyurethane (PUR) foams, modified used cooking oils (UCO) were applied as starting resources for the synthesis of bio-polyols. The bio-polyols were produced using transesterification of UCO with diethylene glycol (UCO_DEG) and triethanolamine (UCO_TEA). Next, open-cell PUR foams were synthesized by replacing 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the petrochemical polyol with the bio-polyol UCO_DEG or UCO_TEA. It was observed that an increasing bio-polyol content (up to 60%) led to an increase of the closed cell content. However, a further increase in the bio-polyol content up to 100% resulted in foam cell opening. The bio-foams obtained in the experiment had an apparent density of 13–18 kg/m3. The coefficient of thermal conductivity was determined at three different average temperatures: 10, 0 and −10 °C. The PUR bio-foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_TEA had lower values of thermal conductivity, regardless of the average temperature (35.99–39.57 mW/m·K) than the foams modified with bio-polyol UCO_DEG (36.95–43.78 mW/m·K). The compressive strength of most of the bio-foams was characterized by a higher value than the compressive strength of the reference material (without bio-polyol). Finally, it was observed that the bio-materials exhibited dimensional stability at 70 °C.

The Synthesis and Application of a Novel Class of Polyols for Preparation of Polyurethane

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1441-1445
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Li ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Dong Ji ◽  
Zhi Dong Wan ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Rigid Foams

The synthesis of a novel class of diamine-based polyols derivatives and the potentials and the limitations of these polyols were reported. This class of diamine-based polyols with high hydroxyl values and no acid values can be used in rigid polyurethane foams. The prepared rigid foams show the properties of low density, high closed cell content, low thermal conductivity, and high compressive strength.

Bio-based Polyurethane-clay Nanocomposite Foams: Systheses and Properties

2009 ◽  
Vol 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Zoran S. Petrovic ◽  
Yijin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Organically Modified

AbstractStarting from a bio-based polyol through modification of soybean oil, BIOH™ X-210, two series of bio-based polyurethanes-clay nanocomposite foams have been prepared. The effects of organically-modified clay types and loadings on foam morphology, cell structure, and the mechanical and thermal properties of these bio-based polyurethanes-clay nanocomposite foams have been studied with optical microscopy, compression test, thermal conductivity, DMA and TGA characterization. Density of nanocomposite foams decreases with the increase of clay loadings, while reduced 10% compressive stress and yield stress keep constant up to 2.5% clay loading in polyol. The friability of rigid polyurethane-clay nanocomposite foams is high than that of foam without clay, and the friability for nanofoams from Cloisite® 10A is higher than that from 30B at the same clay loadings. The incorporation of clay nanoplatelets decreases the cell size in nanocomposite foams, meanwhile increases the cell density; which would be helpful in terms of improving thermal insulation properties. All the nanocomposite foams were characterized by increased closed cell content compared with the control foam from X-210 without clay, suggesting the potential to improve thermal insulation of rigid polyurethane foams by utilizing organically modified clay. Incorporation of clay into rigid polyurethane foams results in the increase in glass transition temperature: the Tg increased from 186 to 197 to 204 °C when 30B concentration in X-210 increased from 0 to 0.5 to 2.5%, respectively. Even though the thermal conductivity of nanocomposite foams from 30B is lower than or equal to that of rigid polyurethane control foam from X-210, thermal conductivity of nanocomposite foams from 10A is higher than that of control at all 10A concentrations. The reason for this abnormal phenomenon is not clear at this moment; investigation on this is on progress.

Performance Study of Fiber Reinforced New Lightweight Insulation Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Huan Qi Zhao ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Self ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Influencing Mechanism ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity

Cement-based lightweight insulation materials were made. Cement and fly ash are main raw materials. The self-developed composite excitation agent and foaming agent are used. The method of foaming is the physical foaming. The inflection of fiber dosage on the performance of lightweight insulation materials was researched. Its influencing mechanism was discussed. Experiments show that foaming lightweight insulation materials were made with 1.22MPa bending strength, 2.95MPa compressive strength and the 0.072W/mk coefficient of thermal conductivity when the fiber mixing content is 1.2%.

scholarly journals Ultralight open cell polymer sponges with advanced properties by PPX CVD coating

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 2759-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaigai Duan ◽  
Shaohua Jiang ◽  
Tobias Moss ◽  
Seema Agarwal ◽  
Andreas Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymer

Ultralight hydrophobic polymer sponges with enhanced compressive strength prepared by electrospinning and PPX coating showed tuneable density, compression strength, and water contact angle, and low thermal conductivity. On holding a piece of such a sponge in hand, one does not feel the cold from dry ice.

Preparation of open cell rigid polyurethane foams and modified with organo-kaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447
Author(s):  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Cell Opening

The open cell rigid polyurethane foam (ORPUF) was prepared by adding chemical cell openers including O-500 and AK-9903. The FTIR results of cell openers and open cell rate of ORPUFs showed that O-500 has more effective cell opening capacity. In the ORPUF foaming formulation using O-500 as cell opener, silane coupling agent (KH-550) modified kaolin (organo-kaolin) was introduced into ORPUF with different weight loadings. The cellular morphology, apparent density, and compressive strength of the foams were tested in order to investigate the effects of organo-kaolin on the open cell rate and compressive property of the foams. The results showed that the open cell rate of ORPUFs slightly increased from 83.9% to 92.9% with the content of organo-kaolin. Meanwhile, compared to neat ORPUF, the compressive strength of foams increased by 72.8% when the content of introduced organo-kaolin was 4 parts per hundred of polyol by mass (php).

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Soy-Phosphate Polyol-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Fan ◽  
Ali Tekeei ◽  
Galen J. Suppes ◽  
Fu-Hung Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Isocyanate Index ◽  
Pu Foams

Water-blown rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were made from 0–50% soy-phosphate polyol (SPP) and 2–4% water as the blowing agent. The mechanical and thermal properties of these SPP-based PU foams (SPP PU foams) were investigated. SPP PU foams with higher water content had greater volume, lower density, and compressive strength. SPP PU foams with 3% water content and 20% SPP had the lowest thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of SPP PU foams decreased and then increased with increasing SPP percentage, resulting from the combined effects of thermal properties of the gas and solid polymer phases. Higher isocyanate density led to higher compressive strength. At the same isocyanate index, the compressive strength of some 20% SPP foams was close or similar to the control foams made from VORANOL 490.

Production of Thermal Insulation Composite Material Based on Polymers

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Alena Kalužová ◽  
Jan Pěnčík ◽  
Libor Matějka ◽  
Libor Matějka ◽  
Tomáš Pospíšil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Particle Composite ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

Recycling of materials is an important point of sustainable construction. The aim is to find a compromise between energy saving, economy and ecology. The contribution discusses the production of thermal insulation composite material made of polymers. Uniform dispersion of grains of foamy glass waste (filler) in polymer filling from recycled thermoplastics induces formation of particle composite. The production supports usage of secondary raw materials. Decisive properties in choosing the materials to be applied include mainly the coefficient of thermal conductivity, density, compressive strength and water absorption.

scholarly journals Open-cell polyurethane foams based on modified used cooking oil

Polimery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuranska ◽  
Krzysztof Polaczek ◽  
Monika Auguscik-Krolikowska ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

scholarly journals Polyurethane Foams for Thermal Insulation Uses Produced from Castor Oil and Crude Glycerol Biopolyols

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Carriço ◽  
Thaís Fraga ◽  
Vagner E. Carvalho ◽  
Vânya M. D. Pasa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Blowing Agent

Rigid polyurethane foams were synthesized using a renewable polyol from the simple physical mixture of castor oil and crude glycerol. The effect of the catalyst and blowing agent in the foams properties was evaluated. The use of physical blowing agent (cyclopentane and n-pentane) allowed obtaining foams with smaller cells in comparison with the foams produced with a chemical blowing agent (water). The increase of water content caused a decrease of density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength and Young's modulus, which indicates that the increment of CO2 production contributes to the formation of larger cells. Higher amount of catalyst in the foam formulations caused a slight density decrease and an increase small significance of thermal conductivity, compressive strength and Young's modulus values. These green foams presented properties that indicate a great potential to be used as thermal insulation, as density (23 - 41 kg m-3), thermal conductivity (0.0128 – 0.0207 W m-1 K-1), compressive strength (45 - 188 kPa) and Young's modulus (3 - 28 kPa). These biofoams are also environmental friendly alternatives and can aggregate revenue to biodiesel industry, contributing for reduction of this fuel prices.

scholarly journals MINERAL WOOL COMPOSITE WITH THE USE OF SAPONITE-CONTAINING MINING INDUSTRY WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Drozdyuk ◽  
Arkadiy Ayzenshtadt ◽  
M. Frolova ◽  
Rama Shanker Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity

the paper shows the possibility of producing a thermal insulating composite based on basalt fibers and sapo-nite-containing mining waste. A method for manufacturing thermal insulating composites from hydro-mass with different contents of the mixture components is proposed. Basalt fibers were used as a filler, and pre-mechanoactivated saponite-containing material (SCM) was used as a binder. It was found experimentally that depending on the composition of composites, the coefficient of thermal conductivity varies from 0.1109 to 0.1342 W/(m•K), and the compressive strength – from 0.45 to 0.93 MPa. In addition, it was found that thermal modification of composites at temperatures up to 1200°C significantly (up to 3 times) increases the compressive strength of composites, while not affecting the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The ex-periments to determine the conductivity of the composite “basalt fiber – SСM” depending on its moisture content showed that the obtained composite is characterized by intense and linear increase in the values of conductivity when the humidity of the sample to 12% and further increase in humidity practically does not change the values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Comparison of the studied thermal insulation composite with known structural thermal insulation materials in terms of its thermal insulation and strength characteristics showed that it is comparable to gas and foam blocks. It should also be noted that this material is environmentally safe and can withstand high temperatures without collapsing.

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