scholarly journals Dental Aerosol as a Hazard Risk for Dental Workers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Jacek Matys ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Standard dental procedures, when using a water coolant and rotary instruments, generate aerosols with a significantly higher number of various dangerous pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi). Reducing the amount of aerosols to a minimum is mandatory, especially during the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19. The study aimed to evaluate the amount of aerosol generated during standard dental procedures such as caries removal (using dental bur on a high and low-speed handpiece and Er:YAG laser), ultrasonic scaling, and tooth polishing (using silicon rubber on low-speed handpiece) combined with various suction systems. The airborne aerosols containing particles in a range of 0.3–10.0 μm were measured using the PC200 laser particle counter (Trotec GmbH, Schwerin, Germany) at three following sites, manikin, operator, and assistant mouth, respectively. The following suction systems were used to remove aerosols: saliva ejector, high volume evacuator, saliva ejector with extraoral vacuum, high volume evacuator with extraoral vacuum, Zirc® evacuator (Mr.Thirsty One-Step®), and two customized high volume evacuators (white and black). The study results showed that caries removal with a high-speed handpiece and saliva ejector generates the highest amount of spray particles at each measured site. The aerosol measurement at the manikin mouth showed the highest particle amount during caries removal with the low and high-speed handpiece. The results for the new high volume evacuator (black) and the Zirc® evacuator showed the lowest increase in aerosol level during caries removal with a high-speed handpiece. The Er:YAG laser used for caries removal produced the lowest aerosol amount at the manikin mouth level compared to conventional dental handpieces. Furthermore, ultrasonic scaling caused a minimal aerosol rise in terms of the caries removal with bur. The Er:YAG laser and the new wider high volume evacuators improved significantly suction efficiency during dental treatment. The use of new suction systems and the Er:YAG laser allows for the improvement of biological safety in the dental office, which is especially crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Extra Oral Vacuum Aspirator During Dental Treatment in COVID -19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Anjana Maharjan ◽  
Sarita Joshi ◽  
Shyam Kaji Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Increased Risk

As COVID 19 pandemic has rapidly became a public health crisis of global concern, dental office is also affected.  Due to the unique characteristics of dental office i.e., generating high volume of aerosol during the dental procedures, both dental health care professionals as well as the patients have increased risk of cross infection. Various devices like extra oral vacuum aspirator, high volume evacuator, and high efficiency particulate air filter and ultraviolent chambers in conjunction with personal protective equipment are used to reduce aerosols produced in dentistry. The objective of this review is to explore the effectiveness of extra oral vacuum aspirator to decrease number of airborne pathogens, such as the SARS- CoV-2 virus during the dental procedure.

scholarly journals Splatters and Aerosols Contamination in Dental Aerosol Generating Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Pingping Han ◽  
Honghui Li ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh ◽  
Sašo Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Equipment ◽  
Produce Contamination ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Airborne Disease

Dental aerosol-generating procedures produce a large amount of splatters and aerosols that create a major concern for airborne disease transmission, such as COVID-19. This study established a method to visualise splatter and aerosol contamination by common dental instrumentation, namely ultrasonic scaling, air-water spray, high-speed and low-speed handpieces. Mock dental procedures were performed on a mannequin model, containing teeth in a typodont and a phantom head, using irrigation water containing fluorescein dye as a tracer. Filter papers were placed in 10 different locations to collect splatters and aerosols, at distances ranging from 20 to 120 cm from the source. All four types of dental equipment produced contamination from splatters and aerosols. At 120 cm away from the source, the high-speed handpiece generated the greatest amount and size (656 ± 551 μm) of splatter particles, while the triplex syringe generated the largest amount of aerosols (particle size: 1.73 ± 2.23 μm). Of note, the low-speed handpiece produced the least amount and size (260 ± 142 μm) of splatter particles and the least amount of aerosols (particle size: 4.47 ± 5.92 μm) at 120 cm. All four dental AGPs produce contamination from droplets and aerosols, with different patterns of distribution. This simple model provides a method to test various preventive strategies to reduce risks from splatter and aerosols.

scholarly journals Factors affecting aerosol size distribution during various dental procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Choudhary ◽  
Michael J Durkin ◽  
Daniel C Stoeckel ◽  
Heidi M Steinkamp ◽  
Martin H Thornhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To determine the impact of various aerosol mitigation interventions and establish duration of aerosol persistence in a variety of dental clinic configurations. Methods: We performed aerosol measurement studies in endodontic, orthodontic, periodontic, pediatric, and general dentistry clinics. We used an optical aerosol spectrometer and wearable particulate matter sensors to measure real-time aerosol concentration from the vantage point of the dentist during routine care in a variety of clinic configurations (e.g, open bay, single room, partitioned operatories). We compared the impact of aerosol mitigation strategies [ventilation and high-volume evacuation (HVE)] and prevalence of particulate matter in the dental clinic environment before, during and after high-speed drilling, slow speed drilling and ultrasonic scaling procedures. Results: Conical and ISOVAC HVE were superior to standard tip evacuation for aerosol-generating procedures. When aerosols were detected in the environment, they were rapidly dispersed within minutes of completing the aerosol-generating procedure. Few aerosols were detected in dental clinics, regardless of configuration, when conical and ISOVAC HVE were used. Conclusions: Dentists should consider using conical or ISOVAC HVE rather than standard tip evacuators to reduce aerosols generated during routine clinical practice. Furthermore, when such effective aerosol mitigation strategies are employed, dentists need not leave dental chairs fallow between patients as aerosols are rapidly dispersed. Clinical Significance: ISOVAC HVE is highly effective in reducing aerosol emissions. With adequate ventilation and HVE use, dental fallow time can be reduced to 5 minutes.

Possibility to control anxiety and pain in endodontic dental treatment – review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
E. Stanulewicz ◽  
E. Dąbrowska ◽  
K. Olszański ◽  
K. Borowski ◽  
K. Rosłan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Treatment Review ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling ◽  
Anxiety Treatment ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Modern dentistry aims to limit the unpleasant feeling of pain, associated with dental procedures during treatment in the dental office. There are many ways to reduce pain during dental procedures. Endodontic treatment, necessary in irreversible pulpitis, should be completed during one visit. Removal of the inflamed pulp from cavity and root canals is often accompanied by pain. The study aimed to introduce, based on literature, methods of relieving anxiety and pain accompanying dental treatment procedures, including endodontic treatment, as well as the description of applied measures. According to the modern literature, this research compares methodology and results of the anesthetic and anxiety treatment in the dental office, especially in endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Prediction of exposure risk associated with the dynamic behavior of aerosols during dental procedures in dental clinics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alejandra Baldion ◽  
Camilo Alejandro Guerrero ◽  
Alberto Carlos Cruz ◽  
Henry Oliveros Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Abstract ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a risk prediction scale for COVID-19, based on an analysis of the dynamic behavior of aerosols generated during dental procedures.Materials and methodsThe dispersion of aerosols during dental procedures performed in six dental clinics was evaluated using standardized photographs. The digital images were processed to analyze the stained area and the dimensions of the drops. A logistic regression model was built with the following variables: ventilation, the distance from the mouth, the instrument used, the area in the mouth to be treated, and the location within the perimeter area.ResultsThe variables that were associated with a higher risk of exposure in the prediction scale were a distance of less than 78 cm; improper ventilation; the use of a high-speed handpiece; the location of the patient, operator, and assistant; and, to a lesser degree, the intervention of the anterior region of the mouth. The sizes of a large percentage of aerosolized particles ranged from 1 to 5 µm. The maximum settlement range from the mouth of the phantom head was 320 cm, with a high-risk cut-off distance of 78 cm.ConclusionsContamination by disseminating aerosols represents a significant risk for the dental team. Thus, it is advisable to improve ventilation, use extreme biosecurity measures and all the cleaning and disinfection measures.Clinical relevanceThe need to implement new clinical care strategies was evident. The scale is useful for predicting the risk of exposure to the contagion of COVID-19 in the dental office.

scholarly journals The Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Control Measures Evaluation of Droplets and Aerosol Cloud in Dental Procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Hongtao Yang ◽  
Siyuan Zheng ◽  
Xiangyu Sun ◽  
Xiaochi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Droplets and aerosol cloud generating procedures in dentistry can increase the risk of airborne transmission of diseases such as COVID-19. To gain insight into the diffusion of spatters and possible preventive measures, we measured the particle spatial-temporal distribution characteristic and evaluated the effectiveness of the control measures.Methods: We conducted an experiment to observe the emitted spatters obtained during the simulated dental preparation by using high-speed videography. We measured the particle size distributions by laser diffraction and preliminarily estimated its velocity. We qualitatively and quantitatively described the spatial-temporal distributions of spatters and their control measure effects. Results: Majority of the dental spatters were small droplets (diameter less than 50 μm). A large number of smallest droplets (diameter less than 10 μm) were generated by high-speed air turbine handpiece. At the oral outlet, the speed of large droplets could exceed 2.63 m/s, and the speed of aerosol clouds ranged from 0.31–2.37 m/s. The evolution of the spatters showed that the more fully developed the state, the greater the number of spatters and the wider the contamination range. When the operation mode was moved from the central incisor to the first molar, the spatter direction became increasingly concentrated, and the velocities were enhanced. Larger droplets randomly moved along trajectories and rapidly settled. The aerosol cloud tended to float as a mass that interacted with the surrounding air. The high-volume evacuation could effectively clear away most of the dental spatters. The suction air purifier could change the diffusion direction of the spatters, compress the contamination range, and control aerosol escape into surrounding air. Conclusions: Our view is that we should combine the ‘point’ control measure (high-volume evacuation) and ‘area’ control measure (suction air purifier) to reduce the scope of pollution and prevent the aerosol escape into the surroundings. The study contributes to devising more accurate infection control guidelines, establishing appropriate interventions for different oral treatments, and minimizing the spread of respiratory diseases so that we can reduce cost and achieve the best results when medical resources are limited.

Clinical Dentistry -The Pandemic’s Late Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithra N. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Closed Environment

Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is the most recent HCID (highly contagious infectious diseases) pandemic to hit the world. The respiratory disease (sars-cov-2) has been shown to spread from symptomatic patients through droplets and aerosols. Because of the closed environment and the use of high and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, infection spreads even more easily in a dental setting. During these times, our priority should be inward to protect ourselves as well as the patients who need medical attention. Various methods for controlling infection transmission from aerosol-generating dental procedures are recommended to accomplish this. In light of the effect of oral health on the seriousness of the Covid 19 pandemic, and to protect ourselves financially during this pandemic it is critical to explain patients that we dentists are using the most up-to-date approaches to keep them safe by reducing the risk of them contracting the virus from the dental office in order to maximise the number of outpatients. And it is important to treat every patient as a Covid -19 infected person and take the appropriate precautions to ensure our safety while rendering dental treatment.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trijani Suwandi ◽  
Vidya Nursolihati ◽  
Mikha Sundjojo ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract Objective SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures. Materials and Methods Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 Result Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures. Conclusion The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.

scholarly journals Aerosol Management in Dentistry: An Update for Safe Covid-19 Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kaur Ishdeep ◽  
◽  
Kaur Arshdeep ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Cdc Guidelines

Patient safety and health worker safety from infectious diseases as well as occupational hazards is of utmost importance in every field of medicine. Bioaerosols and splatters generated by air syringes, ultrasonic scalers and high-speed turbine handpieces during dental treatment pose a potential hazard of infection not only to the patients but, to the dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants as well as other healthcare workers. Severe infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), influenza, measles, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV AIDS can be transmitted through aerosols. With the emergence of β-coronavirus (COVID-19), questions concerning the protection from such viral transmission in dental hospital setting have arisen due to close contact and its transmission through the exposure of saliva, blood and other body fluids. Guidelines from regulatory organizations such as CDC regarding infection control in healthcare settings and infection prevention practices should be strictly followed.A systematic electronic search with relevant key terms viz. Aerosol Management, Dental Aerosols, Dentistry and COVID-19, Dental Unit Waterlines, Preprocedural Mouth rinsing, High Volume Suction Evacuators (HVE) and CDC Guidelines was executed in PubMed and Medline databases for literature extraction and data has been interpreted by including articles based on predefined inclusion criteria .In this review article, we address the importance of understanding and implementation of dental safety by following various systems for management of dental aerosols

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